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Västra Strö 2 Runestone
The Västra Strö 2 Runestone, listed as DR 335 in the Rundata catalog, is a Viking Age memorial runestone located at the Västra Strö Monument, which is at a church that is about four kilometers northwest of Eslöv, Skåne County, Sweden. Description The Västra Strö Monument consists of five standing stones and two runestones, DR 355 and the Viking runestone DR 334. The two stones have a Danish Rundata catalog number because Scania was part of the historical Denmark during the Viking Age. The monument was surveyed in the 17th century by the Danish antiquarian Ole Worm who documented the inscriptions and reported that it was in good condition. This was not the case during a second survey in 1876 when all stones except one were found to have fallen. The Lund Kulturen restored the monument in 1932. When the stone was raised in 1932, a mask of a man's face was discovered on the other side. This is a common motif and is found on several other runestones including DR 62 in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skern Runestone
The Skern Runestone, designated as Danish Runic Inscription 81 or DR 81 in the Rundata catalog, is a Viking Age memorial runestone located in the small village of Skjern, Denmark between Viborg and Randers. The stone features a facial mask and a runic inscription which ends in a curse. A fragment of a second runestone designated as DR 80 was also found in Skjern. Description This inscription consists of runic text in the younger futhark that circles a facial mask, with text listed as line B located on the top of the stone. The inscription is classified as being carved in runestone style RAK, which is the oldest classification. This classification is used for inscriptions where the runic bands have straight ends without any attached serpent or beast heads. The facial mask on this stone is a common motif and is found on several other Scandinavian runestones including DR 62 in Sjelle, DR 66 in Århus, DR 258 in Bösarp, the now-lost DR 286 in Hunnestad, DR 314 in Lund, DR 33 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runestones In Scania
A runestone is typically a raised stone with a runic inscription, but the term can also be applied to inscriptions on boulders and on bedrock. The tradition began in the 4th century and lasted into the 12th century, but most of the runestones date from the late Viking Age. Most runestones are located in Scandinavia, but there are also scattered runestones in locations that were visited by Norsemen during the Viking Age. Runestones are often memorials to dead men. Runestones were usually brightly coloured when erected, though this is no longer evident as the colour has worn off. The vast majority of runestones are found in Sweden. History The tradition of raising stones that had runic inscriptions first appeared in the 4th and 5th century, in Norway and Sweden, and these early runestones were usually placed next to graves. The earliest Danish runestones appeared in the 8th and 9th centuries, and there are about 50 runestones from the Migration Period in Scandinavia. Most runeston ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ingvar Runestones
The Ingvar Runestones ( sv, Ingvarstenarna) is the name of around 26 Varangian Runestones that were raised in commemoration of those who died in the Swedish Viking expedition to the Caspian Sea of Ingvar the Far-Travelled. The Ingvar expedition was the single Swedish event that is mentioned on most runestones,Pritsak 1981: 424 and in number, they are only surpassed by the approximately 30 Greece Runestones and the approximately 30 England Runestones. It was a fateful expedition taking place between 1036 and 1041 with many ships. The Vikings came to the south-eastern shores of the Caspian Sea, and they appear to have taken part in the Battle of Sasireti, in Georgia. Few returned, as many died in battle, but most of them, including Ingvar, died of disease. The expedition was also immortalized as a saga in Iceland in the 11th century, the '' Yngvars saga víðförla'', and in the Georgian chronicle '' Kartlis tskhovreba'', where king Julfr of the saga corresponds to king Baghrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguistics is concerned with both the cognitive and social aspects of language. It is considered a scientific field as well as an academic discipline; it has been classified as a social science, natural science, cognitive science,Thagard, PaulCognitive Science, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). or part of the humanities. Traditional areas of linguistic analysis correspond to phenomena found in human linguistic systems, such as syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences); semantics (meaning); morphology (structure of words); phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages); phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language); and pragmatics (how social con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runestone Styles
:''The term "runestone style" in the singular may refer to the Urnes style.'' The style or design of runestones varied during the Viking Age. The early runestones were simple in design, but towards the end of the runestone era they became increasingly complex and made by travelling runemasters such as Öpir and Visäte. A categorization of the styles was developed by Anne-Sophie Gräslund in the 1990s. Her systematization is considered to have been a break-through and is today a standard. The styles are RAK, Fp, Pr1, Pr2, Pr3, Pr4 and Pr5, and they cover the period 980-1130, which was the period during which most runestones were made. The styles Pr1 and Pr2 correspond to the Ringerike style, whereas Pr3, Pr4 and Pr5 belong to what is more widely known as the Urnes style.Sawyer 2000:32 Below follows a brief presentation of the various styles by showing sample runestones according to Rundata's annotation. RAK RAK is the oldest style and covers the period 980-1015 AD, but the R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sjellebro Stone
The Sjellebro Stone is a Viking Age image stone located at Sjellbro, which is about 12 kilometers southeast of Randers, Denmark. The stone is inscribed with a facial mask. Description The Sjellbro Stone is about 1.7 meters in height and features the facial mask of a man. Similar to other image stones, today it is difficult to determine the meaning of the inscription. The facial mask on this granite stone is a common motif and is found on several Scandinavian runestones including DR 62 in Sjelle, DR 66 in Århus, DR 81 in Skern, DR 258 in Bösarp, the now-lost DR 286 in Hunnestad, DR 314 in Lund, DR 335 in Västra Strö, Vg 106 in Lassegården, Sö 86 in Åby ägor, Sö 112 in Kolunda, Sö 167 in Landshammar, Sö 367 in Släbro, Nä 34 in Nasta, U 508 in Gillberga, U 670 in Rölunda, U 678 in Skokloster, U 824 in Holms, U 1034 in Tensta, and U 1150 in Björklinge. Of these mask stones, the Sjellebro Stone is the only one without any runic inscription. The Sjellebro Stone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uppland Runic Inscription 1034
Uppland Runic Inscription 1034 or U 1034 is the Rundata catalog number for a runic inscription on a runestone located at the Tensta Church, which is three kilometers northwest of Vattholma, Uppsala County, Sweden, and in the historic province of Uppland, that was carved in the late 11th or early 12th century. While the tradition of carving inscriptions into boulders began in the 4th century and lasted into the 12th century, most runestones date from the late Viking Age. Description The runic inscription states that it was ''Øpiʀ risti'' ("Öpir carved"), indicating that it was carved by the runemaster Öpir, who was active in the late 11th or early 12th century. The inscription is carved in runestone style Pr5, also known as the Urnes style. This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns. The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond-shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uppland Runic Inscription 824
Uppland Runic Inscription 824 is the Rundata catalog number for a Viking Age memorial runestone located at Holms, which is about eight kilometers east of Örsundsbro, Uppsala County, Sweden, and in the historic province of Uppland. The inscription features a facial mask and a bind rune in the text. Description This inscription consists of runic text carved on a serpent that is intertwined with and encircles other serpents. The inscription is classified as being carved in either runestone style Pr3 or Pr4, both of which are considered to be Urnes style. This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns. The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond-shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the necks. At the top of the inscription but within the outer serpent is a mask of a man's face. This is a common motif and is found on several other runestones including DR 62 in Sjelle, DR 66 in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uppland Runic Inscription 678
U 678 is the Rundata catalog number for a Viking Age image stone with a runic inscription located in Skokloster, Uppland, Sweden. Description This runestone was found walled inside a church at Skokloster, and has been moved to a location behind the church. One side of the stone has an image of a man on a horse, and the other side has a similar image with a surrounding runic inscription within runic bands. At the top of the second side with the runic text is carved a man's mask above a Christian cross. Other runestones with a similar mask above a cross motif include inscriptions on Södermanland Runic Inscription 86, Sö 86 in Åby, Sö 112 in Kolunda, Södermanland Runic Inscription 367, Sö 367 in Släbro, Nasta Runestone, Nä 34 in Nasta, and Uppland Runic Inscription 1034, U 1034 in Tensta. Other inscriptions with facial masks include DR 62 in Sjelle, Skern Runestone, DR 81 in Skern, the now-lost Hunnestad Monument, DR 286 in Hunnestad, Lund 1 Runestone, DR 314 in Lund, Vg 106 i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasta Runestone
The Nasta Runestone, listed as Nä 34 in the Rundata catalog, is a Viking Age memorial runestone located in Nasta, which is 3 kilometers northwest of Glanshammar, Örebro County, Sweden, which was in the historic province of Närke. Description The inscription on Nä 34 consists of runic text in the younger futhark within a runic text band that arches around the edge of the stone, and a depiction of a beast and an intertwined serpent and a facial mask. The inscription on this granite stone, which is 2.25 meters in height, is classified as perhaps being carved in runestone style Pr3, which is also known as Urnes style. This is the classification for runic bands with beast or serpent heads depicted in profile with almond shaped eyes. The question regarding the proper classification for Nä 34 is that the runic text band has no attached beast or serpent heads, but the depiction of the serpent and beast depicted have some characteristics typical of the Urnes style. The facial mask o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Södermanland Runic Inscription 367
Södermanland Runic Inscription 367 or Sö 367 is the Rundata catalog designation for a Viking Age memorial runestone located in Släbro, which is one kilometer north of Nyköping, Södermanland County, Sweden, which was in the historic province of Södermanland. The inscription has a facial mask and describes two men as being thegns and the owners of Sleðabrú, which today is modern day Släbro. Description This inscription consists of runic text in the younger futhark in three rows and in an arch around a facial mask. The runestone, which is made of gneiss and is 1.78 meters in height, is classified as being carved in runestone style RAK, which is considered to be the oldest classification. This is the classification for inscriptions that have straight text band ends without any attached serpent or beast heads. The facial mask on this stone is a common motif and is found on several other runestones including DR 62 in Sjelle, DR 66 in Århus, DR 81 in Skern, DR 258 in Bösar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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