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Vladimir Smirnov (politician)
Vladimir Mikhailovich Smirnov (russian: Влади́мир Миха́йлович Смирно́в; 7 May 1887 – 26 May 1937) was a Russian Communist revolutionary, member of the Bolshevik Party (from 1907) and Soviet statesman, where he advocated a militant and doctrinally pure line. He was a persistent critic of successive party leaders, including Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, for which he spent years in prison and exile before being executed. Early life and career Smirnov was born in Moscow into a middle class family, and educated at a Moscow gymnasium. He was drawn into revolutionary politics during the 1905 revolution, and joined the Bolsheviks in 1907, as a law student at Moscow University. In 1909, he met Nikolai Bukharin, who was the Bolsheviks' student organiser in Moscow. Bukharin, Smirnov and Valerian Osinsky, who were all economists, were "identified as a trio and leaders of theoretical 'raids'" in which they took on rival Marxist groups. Smirnov rebuilt he re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smirnov VM 1917
Smirnov (masculine, russian: Смирнов) or Smirnova (feminine, russian: Смирнова, link=no) is one of the two most common surnames in Russia. ''Smirnov'' (russian: Смирнов, link=no) is derived from an adjectival nickname ''smirnyj'' (russian: смирный, link=no; in archaic form ''smirnoy'', russian: смирной, link=no), that means "quiet, still, peaceful, gentle". Smirnov * Aleksandr Smirnov (other), multiple people *Aleksandr Petrovich Smirnov (1877–1938), Russian old Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet statesman *Alexei Smirnov (physicist) (born 1951), Russian particle physicist * Alexey Smirnov (other), multiple people * Anatoly Smirnov (other), multiple people * Andrei Smirnov (other), multiple people * Anton Smirnov (other), multiple people *Artem Smirnov (tennis) (born 1988), Ukrainian tennis player * Artyom Aleksandrovich Smirnov (born 1989), Russian footballer * Boris Smirnov (other), multi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Statistical Directorate
The Central Statistical Administration (or Board or Directorate) (russian: Центральное Статистическое Управление), abbreviated TsSU (russian: ЦСУ), was the main statistical organization of the former Soviet Union; it was dissolved in the 1980s, replaced by Goskomstat. The Administration had the following names: :1918-1923 — Central Statistical Administration of the RSFSR (russian: Центральное статистическое управление РСФСР (ЦСУ РСФСР)), created by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars dated July 25, 1918 :1923-1926 — Central Statistical Administration of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (russian: Центральное статистическое управление при Совете Народных Комиссаров СССР) :1926-1930 — Central Statistical Administration of the USSR (russian: Центральное статистическое управ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks)
"Hymn of the Bolshevik Party" , headquarters = 4 Staraya Square, Moscow , general_secretary = Vladimir Lenin (first) Mikhail Gorbachev (last) , founded = , banned = , founder = Vladimir Lenin , newspaper = ''Pravda'' , position = Far-left , international = , religion = State Atheism , predecessor = Bolshevik faction of the RSDLP , successor = UCP–CPSU , youth_wing = Little Octobrists Komsomol , wing1 = Young Pioneers , wing1_title = Pioneer wing , affiliation1_title = , affiliation1 = Bloc of Communists and Non-Partisans (1936–1991) , membership = 19,487,822 (early 1989 ) , ideology = , colours = Red , country = the Soviet Union The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU),; abbreviated in Russian as or also known by various other names during its history, was the founding and ruling party of the Soviet Union. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of Defence (Soviet Union)
The Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union refers to the head of the Ministry of Defence who was responsible for defence of the socialist Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1917 to 1922 and the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1992. People's Commissars for Military and Naval Affairs (1917–1934) People's Commissar for the Armed Forces (1946) Ministers of the Armed Forces (1946–1950) Ministers of Defence (1953–1992) See also * College of War * Ministry of War of the Russian Empire * List of heads of the military of Imperial Russia * Ministry of Defense (Soviet Union) * Ministry of Defense Industry (Soviet Union) * Ministry of Defence (Russia) * General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation The General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (russian: Генеральный штаб Вооружённых сил Российской Федерации, General'nyy shtab Vooruzhonnykh sil Rossiyskoy F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leon Trotsky
Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, political theorist and politician. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Trotskyism. Born to a wealthy Jewish family in Yanovka (now Bereslavka, Ukraine), Trotsky embraced Marxism after moving to Mykolaiv in 1896. In 1898, he was arrested for revolutionary activities and subsequently exiled to Siberia. He escaped from Siberia in 1902 and moved to London, where he befriended Vladimir Lenin. In 1903, he sided with Julius Martov's Mensheviks against Lenin's Bolsheviks during the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party's initial organisational split. Trotsky helped organize the failed Russian Revolution of 1905, after which he was again arrested and exiled to Siberia. He once again escape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
The Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries (russian: Партия левых социалистов-революционеров-интернационалистов) was a revolutionary socialist political party formed during the Russian Revolution. In 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary Party split between those who supported the Russian Provisional Government, established after the February Revolution and those who supported the Bolsheviks, who favoured the overthrow of the Provisional Government and the placing of political power in the hands of the Congress of Soviets. Those that continued to support the Provisional Government became known as the Right SRs while those who aligned with the Bolsheviks became known as the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries or Left SRs. After the October Revolution, the Left SRs formed a coalition government with the Bolsheviks from November 1917 to July 1918, but resigned its position in government after the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partisan (military)
A partisan is a member of an irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of military occupation, occupation by some kind of insurgent activity. The term can apply to the field element of resistance movements. The most common use in present parlance in several languages refers to Resistance during World War II, occupation resistance fighters during World War II, especially under the Yugoslav Partisans, Yugoslav partisan leader Josip Broz Tito. History before 1939 The initial concept of partisan warfare involved the use of militia , troops raised from the local population in a war zone (or in some cases regular forces) who would operate behind enemy front line , lines to disrupt communications, seize posts or villages as forward-operating bases, ambush convoys, impose war taxes or contributions, raid logistical stockpiles, and compel enemy forces to disperse and protect their base of operations. George Satterfield has analyse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigory Sokolnikov
Grigori Yakovlevich Sokolnikov (born Hirsch Brilliant or Girsh Yankelevich Brilliant; 1888–1939) was a Russian Old Bolshevik revolutionary, economist, and Soviet politician. Early career Grigori Sokolnikov was born Girsh Yankelevich Brilliant in Romny on 15 August 1888, the son of a Jewish doctor employed by the railways. He moved to Moscow as a teenager and became involved in revolutionary circles alongside his friend and classmate, Nikolai Bukharin. He joined the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1905. In 1906-07, he was based in the Sokolniki district of Moscow as a Bolshevik propagandist until autumn 1907, when mass arrests crushed the district organization, and he was detained for 18 months in solitary confinement in Butyrka prison, and sentenced to lifelong exile in Siberia. Deported in February 1909, it took four months for him to reach his assigned destination, a village called Rybnoye, on the bank of the Angara River, and six weeks to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established in January 1918. The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Starting in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army", until its dissolution in 1991. The Red Army provided the largest land force in the Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its invasion of Manchuria assisted the unconditional surrender of Imperial Japan. During operations on the Eastern Front, it accounted for 75–80% of casual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5th Army (RSFSR)
The 5th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. The 5th Army was formed four times. The first formation was between the beginning of March 1918 and April as a reaction to the Austro-German occupation of Ukraine. The second formation was created between April 1918 and 23 June 1918 to defend Tsaritsyn, the third formation between August 16, 1918 and September 6, 1922, as a part of the Eastern Front and the fourth formation between November 16, 1922 and June 1924 in the Far East. History First formation On March 17, 1918, the Second All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets decided to create armed forces to counter foreign and contra-revolutionary forces. Five armies of some 3,000 -3,500 men were created. In fact, these armies were only brigades with limited combat capabilities. Rudolf Sivers became the commander of the 5th Army, which counted some 3,000 men. In March 1918, it defended the area of Kursk, Novhorod-Siverskyi, Bakhmach, Konotop and Vorozhba. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8th Congress Of The Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (b) was held in Moscow 18–23 March 1919. The Congress was attended by 301 voting delegates who represented 313,766 Party members. A further 102 delegates attended with speaking rights, but no vote. It elected the 8th Central Committee. Debates The Congress agenda was: *Report of the 7th Central Committee *Programme of the R.C.P.(B.) *Foundation of the Communist International *War situation and war policy *Work in the countryside *Organisational problems *Other business 18 March Vladimir Lenin's opening words were dedicated to Yakov Sverdlov, who had died on 16 March. He also submitted the ''Report of the Central Committee''. Mikhail Kalinin replaced Sverdlov as Soviet head of state, a position he held till his death in March 1946. 19 March The ''Report on the Party Programme'' introduced the principal issue of the day. The congress adopted a new Party Program. This program included a description of capitalism and imperialism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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