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Virtual Private Database
A virtual private database or VPD masks data in a larger database so that only a subset of the data appears to exist, without actually segregating data into different tables, schemas or databases. A typical application is constraining sites, Departmentalization, departments, individuals, etc. to operate only on their own records and at the same time allowing more privileged users and operations (e.g. reports, data warehousing, etc.) to access on the whole table. The term is typical of the Oracle Database, Oracle DBMS, where the implementation is very general: tables can be associated to SQL functions, which return a predicate as a SQL expression. Whenever a query is executed, the relevant predicates for the involved tables are transparently collected and used to filter rows. Select (SQL), SELECT, Insert (SQL), INSERT, Update (SQL), UPDATE and Delete (SQL), DELETE can have different rules. External linksUsing Virtual Private Database to Implement Application Security Policies * ht ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data
In the pursuit of knowledge, data (; ) is a collection of discrete values that convey information, describing quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted. A datum is an individual value in a collection of data. Data is usually organized into structures such as tables that provide additional context and meaning, and which may themselves be used as data in larger structures. Data may be used as variables in a computational process. Data may represent abstract ideas or concrete measurements. Data is commonly used in scientific research, economics, and in virtually every other form of human organizational activity. Examples of data sets include price indices (such as consumer price index), unemployment rates, literacy rates, and census data. In this context, data represents the raw facts and figures which can be used in such a manner in order to capture the useful information out of it. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Database
In computing, a database is an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically. Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases are hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage. The design of databases spans formal techniques and practical considerations, including data modeling, efficient data representation and storage, query languages, security and privacy of sensitive data, and distributed computing issues, including supporting concurrent access and fault tolerance. A database management system (DBMS) is the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. The DBMS software additionally encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the database. The sum total of the database, the DBMS and the associated applications can be referred to as a database system. Often the term "database" is also used loosely to refer to any of the DBMS, the database system or an appli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Departmentalization
Departmentalization (or departmentalisation) refers to the process of grouping activities into departments. Division of labour creates Expert, specialists who need :wikt:coordination, coordination. This coordination is facilitated by grouping specialists together in departments. Popular types of departmentalization * Functional departmentalization - Grouping activities by functions performed. Activities can be grouped according to function (work being done) to pursue economies of scale by placing employees with shared skills and knowledge into departments for example human resources, IT, accounting, manufacturing, logistics, and engineering. Functional departmentalization can be used in all types of organizations. Group activities in accordance with the function of an enterprise. * Product (business), Product departmentalization - Grouping activities by product line. It can also be grouped according to a specific product or service, thus placing all activities related to the product ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oracle Database
Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle DBMS, Oracle Autonomous Database, or simply as Oracle) is a multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation. It is a database commonly used for running online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehousing (DW) and mixed (OLTP & DW) database workloads. Oracle Database is available by several service providers on-prem, on-cloud, or as a hybrid cloud installation. It may be run on third party servers as well as on Oracle hardware (Exadata on-prem, on Oracle Cloud or at Cloud at Customer). History Larry Ellison and his two friends and former co-workers, Bob Miner and Ed Oates, started a consultancy called Software Development Laboratories (SDL) in 1977. SDL developed the original version of the Oracle software. The name ''Oracle'' comes from the code-name of a CIA-funded project Ellison had worked on while formerly employed by Ampex. Releases and versions Oracle products follow a custom r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Select (SQL)
The SQL SELECT statement returns a result set of records, from one or more tables. A SELECT statement retrieves zero or more rows from one or more database tables or database views. In most applications, SELECT is the most commonly used data manipulation language (DML) command. As SQL is a declarative programming language, SELECT queries specify a result set, but do not specify how to calculate it. The database translates the query into a " query plan" which may vary between executions, database versions and database software. This functionality is called the " query optimizer" as it is responsible for finding the best possible execution plan for the query, within applicable constraints. The SELECT statement has many optional clauses: * SELECT clause is the list of columns or SQL expressions that must be returned by the query. This is approximately the relational algebra projection operation. * AS optionally provides an alias for each column or expression in the SELECT clause ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insert (SQL)
An SQL INSERT statement adds one or more records to any single table in a relational database. Basic form Insert statements have the following form: The number of columns and values must be the same. If a column is not specified, the default value for the column is used. The values specified (or implied) by the statement must satisfy all the applicable constraints (such as primary keys, constraints, and constraints). If a syntax error occurs or if any constraints are violated, the new row is not added to the table and an error returned instead. Example: INSERT INTO phone_book (name, number) VALUES ('John Doe', '555-1212'); Shorthand may also be used, taking advantage of the order of the columns when the table was created. It is not required to specify all columns in the table since any other columns will take their default value or remain null: Example for inserting data into 2 columns in the phone_book table and ignoring any other columns which may be after the firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Update (SQL)
An SQL UPDATE statement changes the data of one or more records in a table. Either all the rows can be updated, or a subset may be chosen using a condition. The UPDATE statement has the following form: :UPDATE ''table_name'' SET ''column_name'' = ''value'' ''column_name'' = ''value ...'' ''WHERE ''condition'' For the UPDATE to be successful, the user must have data manipulation privileges (UPDATE privilege) on the table or column and the updated value must not conflict with all the applicable constraints (such as primary keys, unique indexes, CHECK constraints, and NOT NULL constraints). In some databases, such as PostgreSQL, when a FROM clause is present, what essentially happens is that the target table is joined to the tables mentioned in the fromlist, and each output row of the join represents an update operation for the target table. When using FROM, one should ensure that the join produces at most one output row for each row to be modified. In other words, a target r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delete (SQL)
In the database structured query language ( SQL), the DELETE statement removes one or more records from a table. A subset may be defined for deletion using a condition, otherwise all records are removed. Some database management systems (DBMSs), like MySQL, allow deletion of rows from multiple tables with one DELETE statement (this is sometimes called multi-table DELETE). Examples Delete rows from table ''pies'' where column ''flavor'' equals ''Lemon Meringue'': DELETE FROM pies WHERE flavor='Lemon Meringue'; Delete rows in ''trees'', if the value of ''height'' is smaller than 80. DELETE FROM trees WHERE height < 80; Delete all rows from ''mytable'': [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Security
Data security means protecting digital data, such as those in a database, from destructive forces and from the unwanted actions of unauthorized users, such as a cyberattack or a data breach. Technologies Disk encryption Disk encryption refers to encryption technology that encrypts data on a hard disk drive. Disk encryption typically takes form in either software (see disk encryption software) or hardware (see disk encryption hardware). Disk encryption is often referred to as on-the-fly encryption (OTFE) or transparent encryption. Software versus hardware-based mechanisms for protecting data Software-based security solutions encrypt the data to protect it from theft. However, a malicious program or a hacker could corrupt the data to make it unrecoverable, making the system unusable. Hardware-based security solutions prevent read and write access to data, which provides very strong protection against tampering and unauthorized access. Hardware-based security or assiste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
