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Vincenzo Cersosimo
Vincenzo Cersosimo (Cassano all'Ionio, 1900 – Ausonia, 1969) was an Italian judge during the Fascist regime. A member of the Special Tribunal for the Defense of the State both in the Kingdom of Italy and the Italian Social Republic, he is best known for his role as examining magistrate in the Verona Trial and the Admirals' Trial of 1944. Biography Born in Calabria, Cersosimo joined the Blackshirts in 1921, participating in the March on Rome. After graduating in law, he became a member of the Special Tribunal for the Defense of the State on 1 August 1931, gaining a reputation as a skilled inquisitory judge. After the fall of the Fascist regime on 25 July 1943 and the dissolution of the Special Tribunal, he was entrusted with the task of transferring its files to the archives of the Military Tribunal. In October 1943 he joined the Italian Social Republic, becoming once again a member of the Special Tribunal for the Defense of the State when this was re-established on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Examining Magistrate
In an inquisitorial system of law, the examining magistrate (also called investigating magistrate, inquisitorial magistrate, or investigating judge) is a judge who carries out pre-trial investigations into allegations of crime and in some cases makes a recommendation for prosecution. The exact role and standing of examining magistrates varies by jurisdiction. Common duties and powers of the examining magistrate include overseeing ongoing criminal investigations, issuing search warrants, authorizing wiretaps, making decisions on pretrial detention, interrogating the accused person, questioning witnesses, examining evidence, as well as compiling a dossier of evidence in preparation for trial. Examining magistrates have an important role in the French judiciary. They are also a feature of the Spanish, Dutch, Belgian and Greek criminal justice systems, although the extent of the examining magistrate's role has generally diminished over time. Since the late 20th and early 21st centurie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sentenced To Death
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that the person is responsible for violating norms that warrant said punishment. The sentence ordering that an offender is to be punished in such a manner is known as a death sentence, and the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution. A prisoner who has been sentenced to death and awaits execution is ''condemned'' and is commonly referred to as being "on death row". Crimes that are punishable by death are known as ''capital crimes'', ''capital offences'', or ''capital felonies'', and vary depending on the jurisdiction, but commonly include serious crimes against the person, such as murder, mass murder, aggravated cases of rape (often including child sexual abuse), terrorism, aircraft hijacking, war crimes, crimes against hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hilde Purwin
Hilde Purwin (born Hildegard Burkhardt: 16 September 1919 – 29 March 2010) was a German journalist. She was exceptionally talented as a linguist and had an unusually powerful memory. She was recruited by the ''Sicherheitsdienst'' (SD) in October 1939. She worked initially as a security services "mail clerk" but in July 1940 was transferred to Berlin where she became an Italian interpreter. In July 1942 she was sent to Rome where at various stages she worked, ostensibly, as a secretary and/or an interpreter. Between September 1943 and July 1944 she played a pivotal role in the so-called "Ciano operation". After the defeat of Nazi Germany the American intelligence services benefited from her wartime intelligence gathering. They also acquired valuable additional intelligence because she took extra carbon copies - unbeknownst to German intelligence - of more than 700 sheets that she had translated from Italian source documents into German during the final months of the war. She sorte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verona
Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Northern Italy, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city Comune, municipality in the region and the second largest in northeastern Italy. The metropolitan area of Verona covers an area of and has a population of 714,310 inhabitants. It is one of the main tourist destinations in northern Italy because of its artistic heritage and several annual fairs and shows as well as the Opera, opera season in the Verona Arena, Arena, an ancient Ancient Rome, Roman Amphitheatre, amphitheater. Between the 13th and 14th century the city was ruled by the Scaliger, della Scala Family. Under the rule of the family, in particular of Cangrande I della Scala, the city experienced great prosperity, becoming rich and powerful and being surrounded by new walls. The Della Scala era is survived in numerous monuments around Verona. Two of William Shakespeare's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fugitive
A fugitive (or runaway) is a person who is fleeing from custody, whether it be from jail, a government arrest, government or non-government questioning, vigilante violence, or outraged private individuals. A fugitive from justice, also known as a wanted person, can be a person who is either convicted or accused of a crime and hiding from law enforcement in the state or taking refuge in a different country in order to avoid arrest. A fugitive from justice alternatively has been defined as a person formally charged with a crime or a convicted criminal whose punishment has not yet been determined or fully served who is currently beyond the custody or control of the national or sub-national government or international criminal tribunal with an interest in their arrest. This latter definition adopts the perspective of the pursuing government or tribunal, recognizing that the charged (versus escaped) individual does not necessarily realize that they are officially a wanted person ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luciano Gottardi
Luciano Gottardi (Ferrara, 18 February 1899 – Verona, 11 January 1944) was an Italian Fascism, Fascist politician and trade unionist. Biography The son of a small farmer, he participated in the First World War initially as a private in the telegraph troops of the Royal Italian Army and later as a cavalry second lieutenant. After the war he enrolled in the faculty of economic and commercial sciences of the University of Trieste, but was unable to complete his studies. He joined the Fascist movement in 1920, participating in Trieste in the protests against Bloody Christmas (1920), the Italian Army’s intervention against the Regency of Carnaro (during which he was slightly wounded and arrested), and later in the march on Rome. After the establishment of the Fascist regime, during the 1920s and 1930s, he held a number of offices within Fascist syndicalism, Fascist trade unions in Trieste, Bari, Rome, Como, Florence, Treviso and Caltanissetta. This sometimes brought him into confli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Unionist
A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and Employee benefits, benefits (such as holiday, health care, and retirement), improving Work (human activity), working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting the integrity of their trade through the increased bargaining power wielded by solidarity among workers. Trade unions typically fund their head office and legal team functions through regularly imposed fees called ''union dues''. The delegate staff of the trade union representation in the workforce are usually made up of workplace volunteers who are often appointed by members in democratic elections. The trade union, through an electe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Marinelli
Giovanni Marinelli (18 October 1879 – 11 January 1944) was an Italian Fascist political leader. Marinelli was born in Adria, Veneto. A wealthy man, he contributed to Fascist success by financing the March on Rome. As secretary of the National Fascist Party (PNF), he created the '' Ceka'', a secret police established on the model of the Soviet Cheka. The Ceka soon established itself as a terrorist squad, and was behind the assassination of Giacomo Matteotti, a prominent member of the opposition to the Fascist régime. Tried as instigator of the murder in November 1925, Marinelli was defended by Roberto Farinacci himself, and eventually sentenced to a light punishment. His close friendship with Benito Mussolini ensured that he did not serve the full term. He remained out of the spotlight during most of the next two decades of Fascist rule, and appears to have been involved in the crushing of internal opposition to Mussolini (including moves inside the PNF). He was elected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tullio Cianetti
Tullio Cianetti (20 August 1899, in Assisi – 8 April 1976, in Maputo, Mozambique) was an Italian fascist politician who was well known for his work with the trade unions. The son of a farmer, Cianetti was conscripted in 1917 and served as a lieutenant in the Italian Army until 1921.A.T. Lane, ''Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders, Volume 1'', 1995, p. 205 Returning to Assisi, he worked as a teacher, whilst also helping to found the fascio in the town, becoming secretary in 1922. He was moved to Terni to organise the syndicate before being promoted to captain and appointed regional secretary for syndicates in Umbria in 1924. The same year he stepped away from fascism for a time following the death of Giacomo Matteotti and suspicion began to arise that he was too left-wing. However, by 1925 he had returned as secretary of syndicates in Syracuse, before being promoted to major and going on to hold similar roles in Carrara, Messina, Matera and Treviso. In 1931 he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Pareschi
Carlo Pareschi (19 August 1898 – 11 January 1944) was an Italian Fascist politician, member of the Grand Council of Fascism and minister of agriculture of the Kingdom of Italy from 1941 to 1943. Biography A renowned agronomist, he fought in World War I as lieutenant in the 6th Heavy Artillery Regiment, earning a Bronze Medal of Military Valour. After the war, he joined the Fascist Party in the early 1920s. From 1928 to 1932 he was general secretary of the Fascist Confederation of Farmers, and in 1933 he became a member of the Grand Council of Fascism, although he did not personally attend its sessions during the 1930s. In 1941, during World War II, he volunteered for the front and was sent to North Africa with the rank of artillery Captain, but was recalled after a few months to be appointed president of the Fascist Confederation of Farmers and then Minister of Agriculture. He attended the Grand Council of Fascism for the first time on 25 July 1943, when he was among those ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emilio De Bono
Emilio De Bono (19 March 1866 – 11 January 1944) was an Italian general, fascist activist, marshal, and member of the Fascist Grand Council (''Gran Consiglio del Fascismo''). De Bono fought in the Italo-Turkish War, the First World War and the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. Early life and career De Bono was born in Cassano d'Adda, a son of Giovanni de Bono and descendant of the Counts of Barlassina, and Elisa Bazzi. His family "suffered under the Austrian yoke". He entered the Royal Italian Army (''Regio Esercito'') in 1884 as a second lieutenant, fought in the Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887-1889, and had worked his way up to the General Staff by the start of the Italo-Turkish War in 1911. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Savoy for his conduct during the war. De Bono then fought in the First World War in which he distinguished himself against Austria-Hungary on the Karst Plateau in 1915 (as Colonel in the Bersaglieri corps), in the capture of Gorizia in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
