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Vilshana
Vilshana ( uk, Вільшана) is an urban-type settlement located in Zvenyhorodka Raion (district) of Cherkasy Oblast (province) in central Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Vilshana settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: Until 18 July 2020, Vilshana belonged to Horodyshche Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four. The area of Horodyshche Raion was split between Cherkasy and Zvenyhorodka Raions, with Vilshana being transferred to Zvenyhorodka Raion. People from Vilshana * Taras Shevchenko (1814–1851), later a leading Ukrainian poet, lived there as a boy, 1828–1831. * Jan Stanisławski (Vilshana, 24 June 1860 – 6 January 1907, Kraków), Polish modernist painter, art educator, and founder and member of various innovative art groups and literary societies. * Jerzy Różycki (1909–1942), Polish mathematician and cryptologist wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilshana Settlement Hromada
Vilshana ( uk, Вільшана) is an urban-type settlement located in Zvenyhorodka Raion (district) of Cherkasy Oblast (province) in central Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Vilshana settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: Until 18 July 2020, Vilshana belonged to Horodyshche Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four. The area of Horodyshche Raion was split between Cherkasy and Zvenyhorodka Raions, with Vilshana being transferred to Zvenyhorodka Raion. People from Vilshana * Taras Shevchenko (1814–1851), later a leading Ukrainian poet, lived there as a boy, 1828–1831. * Jan Stanisławski (Vilshana, 24 June 1860 – 6 January 1907, Kraków), Polish modernist painter, art educator, and founder and member of various innovative art groups and literary societies. * Jerzy Różycki (1909–1942), Polish mathematician and cryptologist wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horodyshche Raion
Horodyshche Raion ( uk, Городищенський район) was a raion (district) of Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine. Its administrative centre was located at the town of Horodyshche. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four. The area of Horodyshche Raion was split between Cherkasy Raion and Zvenyhorodka Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of three hromadas: * Horodyshche urban hromada with the administration in Horodyshche, transferred to Cherkasy Raion; * Mlyiv rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Mlyiv, transferred to Cherkasy Raion; * Vilshana settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zvenyhorodka Raion
Zvenyhorodka Raion is a raion (district) of Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at the city of Zvenyhorodka. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Zvenyhorodka Raion was significantly expanded. Four abolished raions, Katerynopil, Lysianka, Shpola, and Talne Raions, parts of two more abolished raions, Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi and Horodyshche Raions, as well as the city of Vatutine, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to any raion, were merged into Zvenyhorodka Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was . Subdivisions Current After the reform in July 2020, the raion consisted of 17 hromadas: * Buzhanka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Buzhanka, transferred from Lysianka Raion; * Katerynopil settlement hromada with the administration in the ur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Różycki
Jerzy Witold Różycki (; Vilshana, Ukraine, 24 July 1909 – 9 January 1942, Mediterranean Sea, near the Balearic Islands) was a Polish mathematician and cryptologist who worked at breaking German Enigma-machine ciphers before and during World War II. Life Różycki was born in what is now Ukraine, the fourth and youngest child of Zygmunt Różycki, a pharmacist and graduate of Saint Petersburg University, and Wanda, née Benita. He attended a Polish school in Kyiv before moving with his family to Poland in 1918. In 1926 he completed secondary school at Wyszków on eastern Poland's Bug River. Różycki studied mathematics from 1927 to 1932 in western Poland, at Poznań University's Mathematics Institute, graduating with a master's degree on February 19, 1932. He would later earn a second master's degree from Poznań University, in geography, on December 13, 1937. In 1929, while still a student, Różycki, proficient in German, was one of twenty-odd Poznań University mathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taras Shevchenko
Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko ( uk, Тарас Григорович Шевченко , pronounced without the middle name; – ), also known as Kobzar Taras, or simply Kobzar (a kobzar is a bard in Ukrainian culture), was a Ukraine, Ukrainian poet, writer, artist, public and political figure, folklore, folklorist and ethnography, ethnographer.Taras Shevchenko in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition. 1970-1979 (in English) His literary heritage is regarded to be the foundation of modern Ukrainian literature and, to a large extent, the modern Ukrainian language, though this is different from the language of his poems. He also wrote some works in Russian (nine novellas, a diary, and an autobiography). Shevchenko is also known for his many masterpieces as a painter and an illustrator. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Stanisławski (painter)
Jan Stanisławski (24 June 1860, Vilshana, Russian Empire – 6 January 1907, Kraków, Austria-Hungary) was a Polish modernist painter, art educator, and founder and member of various innovative art groups and literary societies. In 1906 he became a full professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków.Culture.plJan Stanisławski at the Adam Mickiewicz Institute portal ''Culture.pl''. Career Initially Stanisławski studied mathematics at Warsaw University (1879–82), and subsequently at the Imperial Technical Institute in St Petersburg. He began to learn painting at the art studio in Warsaw which later gave rise to the School of Fine Arts, under Wojciech Gerson. In 1883 he enrolled in the School of Fine Arts in Kraków. In 1885, he continued his studies in Paris under Charles Emile Auguste Durand. While based in Paris, he travelled much, visiting Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Germany, Austria and eastern Galicia. His early works were exhibited at the inauguration of the Salon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urban-type Settlement
Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, abbreviated: uk, с.м.т., translit=s.m.t.; be, пасёлак гарадскога тыпу, translit=pasiolak haradskoha typu; pl, osiedle typu miejskiego; bg, селище от градски тип, translit=selishte ot gradski tip; ro, așezare de tip orășenesc. is an official designation for a semi-urban settlement (previously called a "town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ..."), used in several Eastern European countries. The term was historically used in Bulgaria, Poland, and the Soviet Union, and remains in use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cipher
In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure. An alternative, less common term is ''encipherment''. To encipher or encode is to convert information into cipher or code. In common parlance, "cipher" is synonymous with "code", as they are both a set of steps that encrypt a message; however, the concepts are distinct in cryptography, especially classical cryptography. Codes generally substitute different length strings of characters in the output, while ciphers generally substitute the same number of characters as are input. There are exceptions and some cipher systems may use slightly more, or fewer, characters when output versus the number that were input. Codes operated by substituting according to a large codebook which linked a random string of characters or numbers to a word or phrase. For example, "UQJHSE" could be the code for "Proceed to the following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptologist
This is a list of cryptographers. Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries. Pre twentieth century * Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi: wrote a (now lost) book on cryptography titled the "''Book of Cryptographic Messages''". * Al-Kindi, 9th century Arabic polymath and originator of frequency analysis. * Athanasius Kircher, attempts to decipher crypted messages * Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, wrote a standard book on cryptography * Ibn Wahshiyya: published several cipher alphabets that were used to encrypt magic formulas. * John Dee, wrote an occult book, which in fact was a cover for crypted text * Ibn 'Adlan: 13th-century cryptographer who made important contributions on the sample size of the frequency analysis. * Duke of Mantua Francesco I Gonzaga is the one who used the earliest example of homophonic Substitution cipher in early 1400s. * Ibn al-Durayhim: gave detailed d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians were Thales of Miletus (c. 624–c.546 BC); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales' Theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582–c. 507 BC) established the Pythagorean School, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman mathematician recorded by history was Hypati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
