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Villeta, Cundinamarca
Villeta is a municipality and town in Cundinamarca (Colombia), located in Gualivá Province, approximately northwest of Bogota, considered the capital of the province. Its name means "Little Village". The municipality borders Quebradanegra and Nimaima in the north, Nocaima and Sasaima in the east, Albán and Vianí in the south and Guaduas in the west. It is situated at an altitude of in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes History The region of Villeta before the Spanish conquest was inhabited by the Panche. Modern Villeta was founded as Villa de San Miguel on September 29, 1551 by Alonso de Olalla and Hernando de Alcocer. Main economic activities in Villeta are related with sugar cane derivatives and as an important tourist center for people from Bogotá due to its warm climate, including ecologic trails, cascades and hotels. Geology The Villeta Group comprising the Conejo, La Frontera, Simijaca, Hiló, Capotes, Socotá, El Peñón and Trincheras Formati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Municipalities Of Colombia
The Municipalities of Colombia are decentralized subdivisions of the Republic of Colombia. Municipalities make up most of the departments of Colombia with 1,122 municipalities (''municipios''). Each one of them is led by a mayor (''alcalde'') elected by popular vote and represents the maximum executive government official at a municipality level under the mandate of the governor of their department which is a representative of all municipalities in the department; municipalities are grouped to form departments. The municipalities of Colombia are also grouped in an association called the ''Federación Colombiana de Municipios'' (Colombian Federation of Municipalities), which functions as a union under the private law and under the constitutional right to free association to defend their common interests. Categories Conforming to the law 1551/12 that modified the sixth article of the law 136/94 Article 7 http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=48267 the mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Conquest Of The Muisca
The Spanish conquest of the Muisca took place from 1537 to 1540. The Muisca were the inhabitants of the central Andean highlands of Colombia before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. They were organised in a loose confederation of different rulers; the '' psihipqua'' of Muyquytá, with his headquarters in Funza, the '' hoa'' of Hunza, the ''iraca'' of the sacred City of the Sun Sugamuxi, the Tundama of Tundama, and several other independent ''caciques''. The most important rulers at the time of the conquest were ''psihipqua'' Tisquesusa, ''hoa'' Eucaneme, ''iraca'' Sugamuxi and Tundama in the northernmost portion of their territories. The Muisca were organised in small communities of circular enclosures (''ca'' in their language Muysccubbun; literally "language of the people"), with a central square where the '' bohío'' of the ''cacique'' was located. They were called "Salt People" because of their extraction of salt in various locations throughout their territories, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Municipalities Of Cundinamarca Department
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the governing body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. The term is derived from French and Latin . The English word ''municipality'' derives from the Latin social contract (derived from a word meaning "duty holders"), referring to the Latin communities that supplied Rome with troops in exchange for their own incorporation into the Roman state (granting Roman citizenship to the inhabitants) while permitting the communities to retain their own local governments (a limited autonomy). A municipality can be any political jurisdiction, from a sovereign state such as the Principality of Monaco, to a small village such as West Hampton Dunes, New York. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
INGEOMINAS
The Colombian Geological Survey (CGS) ( es, Servicio Geológico Colombiano; formerly known as INGEOMINAS) is a scientific agency of the Colombian government in charge of contributing to the socioeconomic development of the nation through research in basic and applied geosciences of the subsoil, the potential of its resources, evaluating and monitoring threats of geological origin, managing the geoscientific knowledge of the nation, and studying the nuclear and radioactive elements in Colombia. History The CGS was initially created as the ''National Scientific Commission'' ( es, Comisión Científica Nacional) by the Congress of Colombia on December 22, in 1916, with the mission of mapping the geological resources of the nation and exploring the national territory in search of mineral deposits. Following a series of earthquakes throughout the nation in the early 1920s, the eruption of the Galeras volcano in 1925, and the growing mining and petroleum industry, the Colombian govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trincheras Formation
The Trincheras Formation ( es, Formación Trincheras, Kitr) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consisting of a lower unit of calcareous shales and an upper sequence of shales dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Early Aptian epoch and has a maximum thickness of . The formation, deposited in a marine platform environment, part of a transgressive cycle, hosts ammonite, bryozoan, mollusc and echinoid fossils. Etymology The formation was defined and named in 1969 by Cáceres and Etayo after Quebrada Trincheras, Apulo, Cundinamarca.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.39 Description Lithologies The Trincheras Formation has a maximum thickness of ,Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.23 and is characterised by a sequence of claystones with intercalated limestones and sandstones. Fossils of the ammonites '' Heinzia sp.'', '' Pseudohaploceras sp.'', '' Heminautilus etheringtoni'', '' Cheloniceras sp.'' and bryozoans, mollu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Peñón Formation
The El Peñón Formation ( es, Formación El Peñón, Kipe) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of calcareous shales and siltstones and dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Late Aptian epoch and has a measured thickness at its type section of . Ammonite fossils have been found in the formation, deposited in a shallow marine platform environment. Etymology The formation was defined and named in 1982 by Ulloa after El Peñón, Cundinamarca. Description Lithologies The El Peñón Formation has at is type section a thickness of , and is characterised by a sequence of calcareous shales and siltstones. The middle part of the sequence contains gypsum.Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.29 Fossils of the ammonites '' Cheloniceras sp.'' and '' Epicheloniceras sp. aff. carlosacostai'' have been found in the El Peñón Formation.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.42 Stratigraphy and depositional environment The El Peñ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socotá Formation
The Socotá Formation ( es, Formación Socotá, Kis) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consisting of a lower unit of calcareous sandstones and an upper sequence of shales dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Late Aptian epoch and in Quipile has a measured thickness of with large regional variations. The formation hosts ammonite fossils. Etymology The formation was defined as a thicker sequence and named in 1969 by Cáceres and Etayo after Socotá, a vereda of Apulo, Cundinamarca. The name Socotá in Muysccubun, the language of the native Muisca, means either "Land of the Sun and farmfields" or "Good harvest". Description Lithologies The Socotá Formation has a maximum thickness of , and is characterised by a lower sequence of calcareous sandstones and an upper part of shales. Fossils of the ammonites '' Stoyanowiceras treffryanus'', '' Dufrenoyia sanctorum'', '' Parahoplites (?) hubachi'', and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capotes Formation
The Capotes Formation ( es, Formación Capotes, Kic) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of calcareous black shales containing gypsum and ammonites and dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Early Albian epoch and has an approximate thickness at its type section of . Etymology The formation was defined in 1969 by Cáceres and Etayo as a member of the Socotá Formation.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.41 The name is derived from Hacienda Capotes, southeast of Viotá.Vargas & Barrantas, 2013, p.8 Description Lithologies The Capotes Formation has a thickness at its type section of approximately , and is characterised by a sequence of organic rich calcareous shales with gypsum. Fossils of '' Douvilleiceras solitae'', '' Neodeshayesites columbianus'' and '' Paracrioceras sp.'' have been found in the Capotes Formation.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.42Moreno Bedmar et al., 2015 Stratigraphy and depositional env ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hiló Formation
The Hiló Formation ( es, Formación Hiló, Kih) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly shale formation dates to the Middle Cretaceous period; Late Albian to Early Cenomanian epochs and has a measured thickness at its type section of . The fossiliferous formation has provided a great abundance of ammonites and other marine species. Etymology The formation was defined and named in 1931 by Hubach after the Caserío Boquerón de Hiló in Anapoima.Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.44 Description Lithologies The Hiló Formation with a measured thickness of , is characterised by a sequence of pyritic organic shales, limestones and siltstones, with sandstone banks intercalated in the formation. Stratigraphy and depositional environment The Hiló Formation overlies the Capotes Formation and is overlain by the Simijaca Formation. The age has been estimated to be Late Albian to Early Cenomanian. Stratigraph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simijaca Formation
The Simijaca Formation ( es, Formación Simijaca, K2S, Kss) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly mudstone formation dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian and Cenomanian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of . Etymology The formation was defined and named in 1991 by Ulloa and Rodríguez after Simijaca, Cundinamarca.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.21 Description Lithologies The Simijaca Formation is characterised by a sequence of mudstones, grey and black shales with sandstone and limestone intercalations. Stratigraphy and depositional environment The Simijaca Formation conformably overlies the Chiquinquirá Sandstone, and the Hiló and Pacho Formations, and is overlain by the La Frontera Formation.Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.32 The age has been estimated to be Turonian, or Cenomanian.Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.41 Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Chipaque Formation.Monto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Frontera Formation
The La Frontera Formation ( es, Formación La Frontera, K2F, Ksf) is a geological formation, part of the Villeta Group, of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense and neighbouring areas of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The sequence of limestones and lydites dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian epoch and has a maximum thickness of . Fossils of '' Yaguarasaurus columbianus'' were said to be found in this formation (listed as "La Frontera Member"), although the geological mapping of the area state the time-equivalent Hondita Formation as the stratigraphic unit present in the Quebradas El Ocal and Itaibe in Huila. The La Frontera Formation does not outcrop south of Cundinamarca. A high diversity of ammonites has been found in the La Frontera Formation. Etymology The formation was first described by Hubach in 1931 and elevated to formation in 1969 by Cáceres and Etayo.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.24 The formation is named after the quarry La Frontera near Albán, Cundinama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conejo Formation
The Conejo Formation ( es, Formación Conejo, K2C, Kscn) is a fossiliferous geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The uppermost unit of the Villeta Group, a sequence of shales and sandstones dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian, Coniacian and Santonian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of . Etymology The formation was named in 1967 and published in 1981 by Renzoni, named after El Conejo Hill in Pontezuela, Toca, Boyacá, west of the Copa Reservoir.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.29 Description Lithologies The Conejo Formation is characterised by a sequence of calcareous sandstones, containing ammonites, shales and the uppermost part sandstone and limestone banks.Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.30 In the Conejo Formation, fossils of '' Protopholoe colombiana'', '' Archaeglobigerina blowi'', '' Dicarinella concavata'', '' Dicarinella primitiva'', '' Sigalitruncana sigali'', '' Marginotruncana sp. ct. M. renzi'', '' Marginotru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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