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Village-owned Enterprise
A village-owned enterprise (), often shortened to BUMDes or BUM Desa, is a type of company that is managed and established by an Indonesian village. These companies span a wide array of industries, from agriculture and mining to tourism and retail. BUMDes are a relatively recent development in Indonesia, first appearing in the aftermath of fall of Suharto and the rapid decentralization that followed. As of 2022, according to data from the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration, there are total of 74,691 registered BUMDes. However, due to bureaucratic difficulties, only around 10 percent (7,902) are certified as legal entities as of 2022. History and definition The first legal basis for villages being allowed to manage their own enterprises was Law Number 22 of 1999 on Regional Government, with chapter 108 stating that "villages may own enterprises in accordance with the law". This was later revised; in Law Number 32 of 2004, chapter 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Company
A company, abbreviated as co., is a Legal personality, legal entity representing an association of people, whether Natural person, natural, Legal person, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared goals. Companies take various forms, such as: * voluntary associations, which may include nonprofit organizations * List of legal entity types by country, business entities, whose aim is generating profit * financial entities and banks * programs or Educational institution, educational institutions A company can be created as a legal person so that the company itself has limited liability as members perform or fail to discharge their duty according to the publicly declared Incorporation (business), incorporation, or published policy. When a company closes, it may need to be Liquidation, liquidated to avoid further legal obligations. Companies may associate and collectively register themselves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Villages Of Indonesia
In Indonesia, village or subdistrict is the fourth-level subdivision below a district, regency/city, and province. There are a number of names and types for villages in Indonesia, with ''desa'' (rural village) being the most frequently used for regencies and ''kelurahan'' (urban village) for cities. According to the 2019 report by the Ministry of Home Affairs, there are 8,488 urban villages and 74,953 rural villages in Indonesia. Types of villages ''Kelurahan'' ''Kelurahan'' is an urban village terminology primarily used in cities, but also tiny parts of regencies. It is commonly translated to English as subdistrict. The leader of ''kelurahan'' is called ''lurah''. A ''lurah'' is a civil servant appointed by the district head. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 31 of 2006, a ''kelurahan'' can be created with the following criteria: *Java and Bali: having at least 4,500 residents or 900 families within an area of at least 3 km2. *Sumatra and Su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fall Of Suharto
Suharto resigned as President of Indonesia on 21 May 1998 following the collapse of support for his 32-year long presidency. Vice President B. J. Habibie took over the presidency. Suharto's grip on power weakened following severe economic and political crises stemming from the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The economy suffered a flight of foreign capital, leading to a drastic drop in the value of the Indonesian rupiah, which severely impacted the economy and people's livelihoods. Suharto was re-elected to his seventh term by the People's Consultative Assembly in March 1998. Increasing political unrest and violence undermined his previously firm political and military support, leading to his May 1998 resignation. Initially under newly installed President Habibie, a period of political reform (" Reformasi") followed. Historical background Dissent during the New Order Having consolidated the power in 1967 in the aftermath of the attempted coup in 1965 which was launche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Villages, Development Of Disadvantaged Regions, And Transmigration
The Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration ( id, Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal, dan Transmigrasi, abbreviated as Kemendesa PDTT) is a government ministry in charge for assisting the President in regards to developing the rural and disadvantages areas in Indonesia. Through its community development, it would help to speed up the development of villages. It's also the responsible for the Transmigration Program. History Development of disadvantaged regions programs was started under Abdurrahman Wahid presidency. At that time, the post of Undersecretariat of Acceleration of Development in Eastern Indonesia Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesia: ''Menteri Muda Urusan Percepatan Pembangunan Kawasan Timur Indonesia Republik Indonesia'') created by him thru Presidential Decision No. 234/M/2000 on reformation of National Unity Cabinet after first reshuffle of his cabinet 23 August 2000. Unlike undersecretary which norma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of Indonesia Chartered Accountants
The Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants, formerly Indonesian Institute of Accountants or Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI) is the national organisation of professional accountants in Indonesia. IAI is a founding member of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and the ASEAN ASEAN ( , ), officially the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is a political and economic union of 10 member states in Southeast Asia, which promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, militar ... Federation of Accountants (AFA). In 2016 IAI became an Associate Member of Chartered Accountants Worldwide. References Professional associations based in Indonesia Organizations established in 1957 Member bodies of the International Federation of Accountants {{Indonesia-org-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buleleng Regency
Buleleng ( ban, ᬓᬩᬸᬧᬢᬾᬦ᭄ᬩᬸᬮᭂᬮᭂᬂ, Kabupatén Buléléng) is a regency (''kabupaten'') of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 1,365.88 km2 and population of 624,125 at the 2010 census and 791,910 at the 2020 census. Its regency seat is at the town of Singaraja. Buleleng was founded as a kingdom by Gusti Panji Sakti, who ruled c. 1660-c. 1700. He is commemorated as a heroic ancestor-figure who expanded the power of Buleleng to Blambangan on East Java. The kingdom was weakened during its successors, and fell under the suzerainty of the neighbouring Karangasem kingdom in the second half of the 18th century. It was headed by an autonomous branch of the Karangasem Dynasty in 1806–1849. The Dutch attacked Buleleng in 1846, 1848 and 1849, and defeated it on the last occasion. Buleleng was incorporated in the Dutch colonial system and lost its autonomy in 1882. In 1929 a descendant of Gusti Panji Sakti, the renowned scholar Gusti Putu Jelantik, was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rural Development
Rural development is the process of improving the quality life and economic well-being of people living in rural areas, often relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Rural development has traditionally centered on the exploitation of land-intensive natural resources such as agriculture and forestry. However, changes in global production networks and increased urbanization have changed the character of rural areas. Increasingly rural tourism, niche manufacturers, and recreation have replaced resource extraction and agriculture as dominant economic drivers. The need for rural communities to approach development from a wider perspective has created more focus on a broad range of development goals rather than merely creating incentive for agricultural or resource-based businesses. Education, entrepreneurship, physical infrastructure, and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural regions. Rural development is also characterized by its emphasis o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identified in an outbreak in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. Attempts to contain it there failed, allowing the virus to spread to other areas of Asia and later worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As of , the pandemic had caused more than cases and confirmed deaths, making it one of the deadliest in history. COVID-19 symptoms range from undetectable to deadly, but most commonly include fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Severe illness is more likely in elderly patients and those with certain underlying medical conditions. COVID-19 transmits when people breathe in air contaminated by droplets and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Township And Village Enterprises
Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs, ) are market-oriented public enterprises under the purview of local governments based in townships and villages in China. History The State Council of the People's Republic of China first officially used the term "TVE" in March, 1984. Previously "Commune and Brigade Enterprises" dating from the Great Leap Forward of 1958 to 1961 had served the rural areas. During that time TVEs had a limited role and were restricted to the production of iron, steel, cement, chemical fertilizer, hydroelectric power, and farm tools. Most TVEs emerged during the Reform period in the 1980s (Huang, 2008). Though there were 12 million TVEs by 1985, there were only 1.5 million in 1978, at the start of the Reform period. As Huang summarizes: "Clearly, the vast majority of TVEs had nothing to do with the Great Leap Forward." Government reform The reforms of 1978 changed TVEs, which became the most vibrant part of the Chinese economy as they experienced signifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Companies Of Indonesia
A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared goals. Companies take various forms, such as: * voluntary associations, which may include nonprofit organizations * business entities, whose aim is generating profit * financial entities and banks * programs or educational institutions A company can be created as a legal person so that the company itself has limited liability as members perform or fail to discharge their duty according to the publicly declared incorporation, or published policy. When a company closes, it may need to be liquidated to avoid further legal obligations. Companies may associate and collectively register themselves as new companies; the resulting entities are often known as corporate groups. Meanings and definitions A company can be defined as an "artificial pers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
