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Vilina Pećina
Vilina Pećina () is a cave and a karst resurgence wellspring in Dinaric Alps karst of Bosnia and Herzegovina, also previously known from research descriptions of older date as ''"Vilić Pećina"'', such as one from 1896, conducted by Austria-Hungary geologists. Geographically, it is located on the northern border of Cerničko Polje, at an elevation of asl, just below and less than 100 meters to the west of Ključ village, Gacko municipality, Eastern Herzegovina region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Geologically, object is located on the edge of Cerničko polje ( karstic field) floor, at the thrust fault zone (overthrust), where eocene flysch and limestone make tectonic contact. In hydrogeological terms wellspring belongs to intermittent B-type ( allogenic) resurgence karst spring. The wellspring cave entrance is very large with characteristic vertically elongated shape. Vilina Pećina spring is one of the two sources of the short sinking river Ključka Rijeka. Ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ključ, Gacko
Ključ ( sr-cyrl, Кључ) is a village in the municipality of Gacko, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.Official results from the book: Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine - Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991. Geography The Village is located southwest of Gacko. It is separated from Gatačko polje by the Baba mountain (1,737 m). This mountain borders the Ključ-Cernik valley from the north, and Kameno brdo from the south. Considering that the valley is protected by the mentioned hills, the climate here is milder than in other areas in Gatačko polje and around Gacko. There are also several springs in Kljuc. History Middle Ages The settlement has a historical area - the Old Town of Ključ and the Ključ Mosque (Ajnebeg-dede Mosque, the Mosque of Ključ Captains or Starica) with a harem in Ključ, which has been declared a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 13 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flysch
Flysch () is a sequence of sedimentary rock layers that progress from deep-water and turbidity flow deposits to shallow-water shales and sandstones. It is deposited when a deep basin forms rapidly on the continental side of a mountain building episode. Examples are found near the North American Cordillera, the Alps, the Pyrenees and the Carpathians. Sedimentological properties Flysch consists of repeated sedimentary cycles with upwards fining of the sediments. There are sometimes coarse conglomerates or breccias at the bottom of each cycle, which gradually evolve upwards into sandstone and shale/mudstone. Flysch typically consists of a sequence of shales rhythmically interbedded with thin, hard, graywacke-like sandstones. Typically the shales do not contain many fossils, while the coarser sandstones often have fractions of micas and glauconite. Tectonics In a continental collision, a subducting tectonic plate pushes on the plate above it, making the rock fold, often to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karst Springs Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. It has also been documented for more weathering-resistant rocks, such as quartzite, given the right conditions. Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few to no rivers or lakes. However, in regions where the dissolved bedrock is covered (perhaps by debris) or confined by one or more superimposed non-soluble rock strata, distinctive karst features may occur only at subsurface levels and can be totally missing above ground. The study of ''paleokarst'' (buried karst in the stratigraphic column) is important in petroleum geology because as much as 50% of the world's hydrocarbon reserves are hosted in carbonate rock, and much of this is found in porous karst systems. Etymology The English word ''karst'' was borrowed from German in the late 19th century, which entered German much earlier. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karst Caves Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. It has also been documented for more weathering-resistant rocks, such as quartzite, given the right conditions. Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few to no rivers or lakes. However, in regions where the dissolved bedrock is covered (perhaps by debris) or confined by one or more superimposed non-soluble rock strata, distinctive karst features may occur only at subsurface levels and can be totally missing above ground. The study of ''paleokarst'' (buried karst in the stratigraphic column) is important in petroleum geology because as much as 50% of the world's hydrocarbon reserves are hosted in carbonate rock, and much of this is found in porous karst systems. Etymology The English word ''karst'' was borrowed from German in the late 19th century, which entered German much earli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caves Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word ''cave'' can refer to smaller openings such as sea caves, rock shelters, and grottos, that extend a relatively short distance into the rock and they are called ''exogene'' caves. Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are called ''endogene'' caves. Speleology is the science of exploration and study of all aspects of caves and the cave environment. Visiting or exploring caves for recreation may be called ''caving'', ''potholing'', or ''spelunking''. Formation types The formation and development of caves is known as ''speleogenesis''; it can occur over the course of millions of years. Caves can range widely in size, and are formed by various geological processes. These may involve a combination of chemical processes, erosion by water, tectonic forces, microorgani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geology Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
The geology of Bosnia & Herzegovina is the study of rocks, minerals, water, landforms and geologic history in the country. The oldest rocks exposed at or near the surface date to the Paleozoic and the Precambrian geologic history of the region remains poorly understood. Complex assemblages of flysch, ophiolite, mélange and igneous plutons together with thick sedimentary units are a defining characteristic of the Dinaric Alps, also known as the Dinaride Mountains, which dominate much of the country's landscape. Stratigraphy, tectonics & geologic history Paleozoic (538.8–251.9 million years ago) Paleozoic allochthon formations are found in the lower rock units in the northeast margin of the Dinarides. These rocks are found in isolated areas in the northwest, central, eastern and southeastern Bosnia and are made up of metapsammite, metapelite and smaller amounts of volcanic and carbonate rock. The Southeastern Paleozoic Zone comprises phyllite, schistose metasandstone and crystall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Karst Springs In Bosnia And Herzegovina
Following is a list of karst springs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most of the country's karstic wellsprings belong to Dinaric Alps systems of limestone, flysch, and/or their tectonic contact zone. These are almost regularly large founts in hydrogeological terms, with large average annual discharges, and with extremely high amplitudes between minimum and maximum discharge, depending on seasonal flow, precipitation, other various hydrological parameters and sometimes anthropological impacts. Waters often emerging from large karst caves, in many cases with complex underground flow, various characteristic karst, karstic features and endemic biodiversity, creating short river courses with relatively large water discharge. See also *List of caves in Bosnia and Herzegovina References {{Caves in Bosnia and Herzegovina Caves of Bosnia and Herzegovina, * Karst caves of Bosnia and Herzegovina, * Karst formations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, * Lists of landforms of Bosnia and He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Caves In Bosnia And Herzegovina ...
Following is a list of caves in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most of the country's caves belong to Dinaric Alps system and are karst caves, with complex karstic features and endemic biodiversity. See also * List of karst springs in Bosnia and Herzegovina References {{Caves c Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinking River
A losing stream, disappearing stream, influent stream or sinking river is a stream or river that loses water as it flows downstream. The water infiltrates into the ground recharging the local groundwater, because the water table is below the bottom of the stream channel. This is the opposite of a more common ''gaining stream'' (or ''effluent stream'') which increases in water volume farther downstream as it gains water from the local aquifer. Losing streams are common in arid areas due to the climate which results in huge amounts of water evaporating from the river generally towards the mouth. Losing streams are also common in regions of karst topography where the streamwater may be completely captured by a cavern system, becoming a subterranean river. Examples There are many natural examples of subterranean rivers including: Bosnia and Herzegovina * Unac; Mušnica-Trebišnjica- Krupa/Ombla (Trebišnjica is considered to be one of the largest sinking rivers in the world; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karst Spring
A karst spring or karstic spring is a spring (outflow of groundwater) that is part of a karst hydrological system. Description Because of their often conical or inverted bowl shape, karst springs are also known in German-speaking lands as a ''Topf'' ("pot") which is reflected in names such as Aachtopf (the source of the Radolfzeller Aach) or Blautopf (the source of the Blau river in Blaubeuren). Karst springs often have a very high yield or discharge rate, because they are often fed by underground drainage from a large catchment basin. Because the springs are usually the terminus of a cave drainage system at the place where a river cave reaches the Earth's surface, it is often possible to enter the caves from karst springs for exploration. Large karst springs are located in many parts of the world; the largest ones are believed to be in Papua New Guinea, with others located in Mediterranean countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Turkey, Slovenia, and Italy. Types ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allogenic
In ecology, allogenic succession is succession driven by the abiotic components of an ecosystem. In contrast, autogenic succession is driven by the biotic components of the ecosystem. An allogenic succession can be brought about in a number of ways which can include: *Volcanic eruptions *Meteor or comet strike *Flooding *Drought *Earthquakes * Non-anthropogenic climate change Allogenic succession can happen on a time scale that is proportionate with the disturbance. For example, allogenic succession that is the result of non-anthropogenic climate change can happen over thousands of years. Example The majority of Salt Marsh development comes from allogenic succession. The constant exposure to water in the intertidal zone causes the soil of a salt marsh to change over time. This results in sedimentation and nutrient buildup that also slowly raises the level of the land. What started as a sandy soil with a slightly high pH level, eventually becomes a loamy soil with a more ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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