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Vilamovians
Vilamovians * Polish: ''Wilamowianie'' () are a Germanic-speaking peoples and an ethnic group in Poland, living in the town of Wilamowice near Bielsko-Biała, who speak the Wymysorys language and maintain their own folk costumes and traditions. History During the Mongol invasion of Europe, the area was left depopulated and was subsequently settled by German, Scottish and Flemish settlers. Over time the colonists were assimilated, with the exception of Wilamowice.Magda SzkutaA Mysterious Linguistic Enclave in Southern Poland December 11, 2018, British Library, European Studies blog Vilamovians' traditions say they are descendants of immigrants from Flanders. After World War II, Vilamovians were harshly persecuted in Communist Poland, since they were regarded as Germans. Their language and costumes were banned in 1946. Some of them were moved to "Recovered Territories". A considerable number of representatives of this group live in Austria. about 300 people in the community c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wymysorys Language
Wymysorys (, or ), also known as Vilamovian or Wilamowicean, is a West Germanic language spoken by the ethnic Vilamovian minority in the small town of Wilamowice, Poland ( in Wymysorys, ), on the border between Silesia and Lesser Poland, near Bielsko-Biała. It is considered an endangered language, possibly the most so of any of the Germanic languages. There are probably fewer than 20 native users of Wymysorys, or around 70 speakers in 2006 according to Ethnologue, virtually all bilingual; the majority are elderly. The status of Wymysorys is complex because genealogically, it belongs to the East Central dialect group of High German. Nevertheless, based on the self-identification of users as a group separate from the Germans and the existence of a literary language (or, more precisely, a microlanguage), it can be considered a separate language. It belongs to the dialect group of the former , which includes the Alzenau dialect. History In origin, Wymysorys is traced to deri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilamowice
Wilamowice (earlier ''Willamowice'', german: Wilmesau, Wymysorys: ''Wymysoü'') is a rural town in southern Poland, situated in the Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship. The town is inhabited by a Germanic ethnic group of Vilamovians, who speak the highly endangered Wymysorys language. History According to historians, after the desolation of Polish lands by the Mongol invasion in 1241, the then Silesian Piast rulers of the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz decided to bring settlers from the West to the deserted and destroyed lands around the Silesian Foothills, to revive agriculture, industry and trade. The area was settled in the course of the German eastward colonization of Slavic lands. In this way, around 1250, a group of colonists from the area of former Flanders came to the region, specifically from Friesland, near Bruges and established the settlement Wilamowice. The settlement was first documented in 1325, in the Peter's Pence register as the parish Novovillamowicz (New- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Małopolska
Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name Małopolska ( la, Polonia Minor), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Kraków. Throughout centuries, Lesser Poland developed a separate culture featuring diverse architecture, folk costumes, dances, cuisine, traditions and a rare Lesser Polish dialect. The region is rich in historical landmarks, monuments, castles, natural scenery and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The region should not be confused with the modern Lesser Poland Voivodeship, which covers only the southwestern part of Lesser Poland. Historical Lesser Poland was much larger than the current voivodeship that bears its name. It reached from Bielsko-Biała in the southwest as far as to Siedlce in the northeast. It consisted of the three voivodeships of Kraków, Sandomierz and Lublin. It comprised almost 60,000 km2 in area; today's population in this area is about 9,000,000 inhabitants. Its landscape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrocław
Wrocław (; german: Breslau, or . ; Silesian German: ''Brassel'') is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, roughly from the Baltic Sea to the north and from the Sudeten Mountains to the south. , the official population of Wrocław is 672,929, with a total of 1.25 million residing in the metropolitan area, making it the third largest city in Poland. Wrocław is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia. Today, it is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The history of the city dates back over a thousand years; at various times, it has been part of the Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Habsburg monarchy of Austria, the Kingdom of Prussia and Germany. Wrocław became part of Poland again in 1945 as part of the Recovered Territories, the result of extensive border changes and expulsions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Scientific Publishers PWN
Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN (''Polish Scientific Publishers PWN''; until 1991 ''Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe'' - ''National Scientific Publishers PWN'', PWN) is a Polish book publisher, founded in 1951, when it split from the Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. Adam Bromberg, who was the enterprise's director between 1953 and 1965, made it into communist Poland's largest publishing house. The printing house is best known as a publisher of encyclopedias, dictionaries and university handbooks. It is the leading Polish provider of scientific, educational and professional literature as well as works of reference. It authored the Wielka Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN, by then the largest Polish encyclopedia, as well as its successor, the Wielka Encyklopedia PWN, which was published between 2001 and 2005. There is also an online PWN encyclopedia – Internetowa encyklopedia PWN. Initially state-owned, since 1991 it has been a private company. The company is a member of International Associa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnic Minorities In Poland
Following centuries of relative ethnic diversity, the population of modern Poland has became nearly completely ethnically homogeneous Polish as a result of the radically altered borders as well as both the Nazi German and Soviet Russian or Polish Communist campaigns of genocide, expulsion and deportation (either from or to Poland) during and after World War II in the country, in addition to the earlier long processes of Polonization. Nevertheless, multiple ethnic minorities of various origin remain in Poland today, including some newly arrived or grown in size in recent decades. Historical Minorities in the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Although the concept of an ethnic minority is mostly used with regard to a modern period, historically, Poland has been a very multi-ethnic country. Early on, the influx of Czech, Hungarian, Slovak, Jewish, and German settlers was particularly notable, forming significant minorities, or even majorities in urban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Gawiński
Jan z Wielomowic Gawiński ( 1622–c. 1684) was a Polish Baroque poet. Gawiński is counted into the classical generation of Sarmatians – the generation of John III Sobieski, though his nobility is not certain. He likely descended from the town of Wilamowice near Krakow. He studied at the Biała Podlaska branch of Jagiellonian University. Next he was a courtier of bishop Charles Ferdinand Vasa. He may have fought with the Cossacks. Finally he settled down in Krakow and married Małgorzata Lajtner. There he held several offices, including the steward of saltworks in Wieliczka and Bochnia. He was also the best friend of Wespazjan Kochowski; they found second wives for each other. His most famous works are his idylls, taking pattern from Anacreon, Szymon Szymonowic and ancient Latin poets, glorifying life in the village and published many times. He wrote ''Dworzanki albo Epigrammata polskie'' (''Court ladies or Polish epigrams'') and the poem ''Clipaeus christianitatis'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Gara
Józef Gara (29 January 1929 – 10 July 2013) was a miner who spoke an endangered language of Wilamowice, Wymysorys, which had only 70 native speakers, and created the Wymysorys alphabet. He also wrote poetry in Wymysorys. In 2003 he published ''Zbiór wierszy oraz słownik języka wilamowskiego'' (''A collection of poems and the dictionary of Wymysorys language''). In 2004 he collected old Wymysorys songs, corrected and extended the old ones with a view of releasing them. Between 2004 and 2006 he taught Wymysorys in a primary school in Wilamowice. Works *''" Zbiór wierszy o wilamowskich obrzędach i obyczajach oraz słownik języka wilamowskiego"'' (''A collection of poems and the dictionary of Vilamovian language''), TIMEX printing house/Stowarzyszenie Na Rzecz Zachowania Dziedzictwa Kulturowego Miasta Wilamowice "Wilamowiane" (Association for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage of the City of Wilamowice "Wilamowiane"), Bielsko-Biała, 2004, *''Kronika historyczna miaste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florian Biesik
Florian Biesik (March 4, 1849 in Wilamowice – March 13, 1926 in Trieste) created a literary standard for Vilamovian, trying to prove it did not derive from German, but possibly Frisian, Anglo-Saxon or Dutch. An Austro-Hungarian civil servant, he was sent to the Adriatic port of Trieste, where he spent most of his professional life as the director of the local post office. After retiring, he moved to the village of Aurisina near the coastal resort of Duino Duino ( sl, Devin, german: Tybein) is today a seaside resort on the northern Adriatic coast. It is a ''hamlet'' of Duino-Aurisina, a municipality (''comune'') of the Friuli–Venezia Giulia region of northeastern Italy. The settlement, picturesque ..., where he frequented the cultural circles of the local Slovene community. References 1849 births 1926 deaths People from Wilamowice Austrian people of Polish descent Linguists from Austria 19th-century linguists {{austria-linguist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Bilczewski
Józef Bilczewski (26 April 1860 – 20 March 1923) was a Polish Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Archbishop of Lviv from 1900 until his death. He served as a theological and dogmatics professor in the Lviv college after himself having earned two doctorates in the course of his own studies. He earned a reputation as a learned and cultured man; these qualities led to Emperor Franz Joseph I nominating him for the Lviv archdiocese as its head. Pope Leo XIII named him as its archbishop and he set to work prioritizing a range of different pastoral initiatives aimed at revitalizing the faith within people and also prioritizing ecumenical cooperation with other denominations. Bilczewski aided his people throughout the onslaught of World War I organizing relief and food for those displaced and those who became refugees; he likewise aided beggars and the homeless in his archdiocese. In 1918 he did all he could to smooth tensions during the Polish-Ukrainian War and he collaborat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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