Venturia Pyrina
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Venturia Pyrina
''Venturia pyrina'' is a species of fungus in the family Venturiaceae. A plant pathogen, it causes scab or black spot of pear. It has a widespread distribution in temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout ... and subtropical regions wherever pears are grown. References External links Fungi described in 1896 Fungal tree pathogens and diseases Pear tree diseases Venturiaceae {{fungus-tree-disease-stub ...
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Fuckel
Karl Wilhelm Gottlieb Leopold Fuckel (3 February 1821 – 8 May 1876) was a German botanist who worked largely on fungi. He worked as an apothecary from 1836 to 1852, afterwards deriving income from a vineyard he owned in Oestrich im Rheingau.ADB:Fuckel, Leopold
@ Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
The species epithet in the binomen '''', a plant pathogen and the causal agent of gray mold disease, was named by mycologist

Bref
''Bref.'' (stylized with a period; English: ''In short.'') is a French television series created by Kyan Khojandi, cowritten with Bruno Muschio, and produced by Harry Tordjman for My Box Productions. The first episode was released on Canal+ 29 August 2011 and the show ended on 12 July 2012, following an announcement to that effect on 29 June 2012. Plot The main character is an anonymous 30-year-old Parisian (he celebrates his 30th birthday in the 46th episode), single and unemployed. He is referred to as "I", and his name is never revealed to the audience. His life is boring until he meets a girl at a party who he falls in love with. As soon as the party is over, his only wish is to see her again. Many of the show's episodes are devoted to his failed attempts at meeting up with her or really connecting. The hero sometimes looks for a job, and finally gets a one-on-one interview in a copying machine company. Despite a catastrophic interview that revealed all the lies about his CV ...
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Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ...
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Venturiaceae
The Venturiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Several of the species in this family are plant pathogens. List of genera As accepted by GBIF; *'' Acantharia'' (7) *'' Antennaria'' (2) *'' Antennularia'' (1) *'' Anungitea'' (30) *'' Anungitopsis'' (9) *'' Aphysa'' (2) *'' Apiosporina'' (5) *'' Arkoola'' (1) *'' Arnaudia'' (1) *'' Asterula'' (3) *'' Atopospora'' (4) *'' Botryostroma'' (3) *'' Caproventuria'' (1) *'' Coleroa'' (31) *'' Crotone'' (2) *'' Cylindrosympodioides'' (3) *'' Cylindrosympodium'' (18) *'' Dictyodochium'' (1) *'' Ectosticta'' (9) *'' Fusicladium'' (112) *'' Gelatosphaera'' (2) *'' Gibbera'' (50) *'' Karakulinia'' (1) *'' Lasiobotrys'' (5) *'' Limacinia'' (6) *'' Lineostroma'' (1) *'' Magnohelicospora'' (2) *'' Maireella'' (1) *'' Metacoleroa'' (1) *'' Monopus'' (1) *'' Montagnina'' (1) *'' Napicladium'' (14) *'' Phaeosphaerella'' (31) *'' Phaeosporella'' (1) *'' Phragmogibbera'' (2) *'' Piggotia'' (4) *'' Polyrhizo ...
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Plant Pathogen
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases. Overview Control of plant diseases is crucial to the reliable production of food, and it provides significant problems in agricultural use of land, water, fuel and other inputs. Plants in both natural and cultivated populat ...
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List Of Pear Diseases
The following is a list of diseases of pears (''Pyrus communis''). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders Nematodes, parasitic Viruslike diseases ReferencesCommon Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society {{pyrus Pear Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and harvested in the Northern Hemisphere in late summer into October. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus ''Pyrus'' , in the family Rosaceae, bearing the po ... * ...
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Pear
Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and harvested in the Northern Hemisphere in late summer into October. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus ''Pyrus'' , in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pears are valued for their edible fruit and juices, while others are cultivated as trees. The tree is medium-sized and native to coastal and mildly temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Pear wood is one of the preferred materials in the manufacture of high-quality woodwind instruments and furniture. About 3,000 known varieties of pears are grown worldwide, which vary in both shape and taste. The fruit is consumed fresh, canned, as juice, or dried. Etymology The word ''pear'' is probably from Germanic ''pera'' as a loanword of Vulgar Latin ''pira'', the plural of ''pirum'', akin to Greek ''apios'' (from Mycenaean ''ápisos''), of Semitic origin (''pirâ''), meaning "fru ...
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Temperate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout the year and more distinct seasonal changes compared to tropical climates, where such variations are often small and usually only have precipitation changes. In temperate climates, not only do latitudinal positions influence temperature changes, but sea currents, prevailing wind direction, continentality (how large a landmass is) and altitude also shape temperate climates. The Köppen climate classification defines a climate as "temperate" C, when the mean temperature is above but below in the coldest month to account for the persistency of frost. However, other climate classifications set the minimum at . Zones and climates The north temperate zone extends from the Tropic of Cancer (approximately 23.5° north latitude) to the Arctic ...
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Subtropical
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical zone#Temperate zones, temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° north and south. The horse latitudes lie within this range. Subtropical climates are often characterized by hot summers and mild winters with infrequent frost. Most subtropical climates fall into two basic types: humid subtropical climate, humid subtropical (Köppen climate classification, Koppen climate Cfa), where rainfall is often concentrated in the warmest months, for example list of regions of China, Southeast China and the Southeastern United States, and Mediterranean climate, dry summer or Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification, Koppen climate Csa/Csb), where seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the c ...
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