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Vehicle-to-everything
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is communication between a vehicle and any entity that may affect, or may be affected by, the vehicle. It is a vehicular communication system that incorporates other more specific types of communication as V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian), V2D (vehicle-to-device). The main motivations for V2X are road safety, traffic efficiency, energy savings, and mass surveillance. The U.S. NHTSA estimates a minimum of 13% reduction in traffic accidents if a V2V system were implemented, resulting in 439,000 fewer crashes per year. There are two types of V2X communication technology depending on the underlying technology being used: (1) WLAN-based, and (2) cellular-based. History The history of working on vehicle-to-vehicle communication projects to increase safety, reduce accidents and driver assistance can be traced back to the 1970s with projects such as the US Electronic Road Gui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are created by applying the principles of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) – the spontaneous creation of a wireless network of mobile devices – to the domain of vehicles. VANETs were first mentioned and introduced in 2001 under " car-to-car ad-hoc mobile communication and networking" applications, where networks can be formed and information can be relayed among cars. It was shown that vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communications architectures will co-exist in VANETs to provide road safety, navigation, and other roadside services. VANETs are a key part of the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) framework. Sometimes, VANETs are referred as Intelligent Transportation Networks. They are understood as having evolved into a broader "Internet of vehicles". which itself is expected to ultimately evolve into an "Internet of autonomous vehicles". While, in the early 2000s, VANETs were seen as a mere one-to-one application of MANET p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are created by applying the principles of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) – the spontaneous creation of a wireless network of mobile devices – to the domain of vehicles. VANETs were first mentioned and introduced in 2001 under " car-to-car ad-hoc mobile communication and networking" applications, where networks can be formed and information can be relayed among cars. It was shown that vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communications architectures will co-exist in VANETs to provide road safety, navigation, and other roadside services. VANETs are a key part of the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) framework. Sometimes, VANETs are referred as Intelligent Transportation Networks. They are understood as having evolved into a broader "Internet of vehicles". which itself is expected to ultimately evolve into an "Internet of autonomous vehicles". While, in the early 2000s, VANETs were seen as a mere one-to-one application of MANET p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cellular V2X
Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) communication is important in enabling safe, dependable, and efficient transportation services, which can be implied in both the near- and long-term and can meet the requirements of today and tomorrow. Cellular V2X (C-V2X) is the technology developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and designed to operate in vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-network modes. It is an upcoming prominent technology that can achieve the V2X requirements and plan, most systematically, the way to connected and automated driving. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is important in generating real-time and highly reliable information for implementing safe, efficient, and environmentally-conscious transportation services and laying the groundwork for connected and automated driving (CAD). Cellular Vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) has vast potential to deliver fair transfiguring benefits in enhancing vehicular traffic management worldwide. It helps ease prob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vehicular Communication Systems
Vehicular communication systems are computer networks in which vehicles and roadside units are the communicating nodes, providing each other with information, such as safety warnings and traffic information. They can be effective in avoiding accidents and traffic congestion. Both types of nodes are dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) devices. DSRC works in 5.9 GHz band with bandwidth of 75 MHz and approximate range of . Vehicular communications is usually developed as a part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). History The beginnings of vehicular communications go back to the 1970s. Work began on projects such as Electronic Route Guidance System (ERGS) and CACS in the United States and Japan respectively. While the term Inter-Vehicle Communications (IVC) began to circulate in the early 1980s. Various media were used before the standardization activities began, such as lasers, infrared, and radio waves. The PATH project in the United States between 198 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5G Automotive Association
The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is a corporate coalition to develop and promote standardized protocols for automotive vehicles utilizing 5G communications. It serves as a lobbying group for the European Union on behalf of its membership. Their interests are government investments in the widespread deployment of short-range 5G wireless technology dubbed Cellular V2X. History The 5GAA registered as a registered voluntary association in September 2016, by three German automotive manufacturers (AUDI AG, BMW Group, Daimler AG) and five major 5G patent holders (Ericsson, Huawei, Intel, Nokia and Qualcomm). In 2018, more than 80 companies have joined. Currently, more than 130 companies belong to the association. In 2017, the 5GAA signed a letter of intent with the European Automotive Telecom Alliance (EATA) for collaboration. Organization The 5GAA has a hierarchical membership structure based with the founding members at the top followed by the highest paying members. A hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vehicle-to-device
Vehicle-to-device (V2D) communication is a particular type of vehicular communication system that consists in the exchange of information between a vehicle and any electronic device that may be connected to the vehicle itself. The ever-increasing tendency of developing mobile applications for our everyday use has ultimately entered also the automotive sector. Vehicle connectivity with mobile apps have the great potential to offer a better driving experience, by providing information regarding the surrounding vehicles and infrastructure and making the interaction between the car and its driver much simpler. The fact that apps may significantly improve driving safety has attracted the attention of car users and caused a rise in the number of new apps developed specifically for the car industry. This trend has such a great influence that now manufacturers are beginning to design cars taking care of their interaction with mobile phones. For example, starting from 2017 Volvo is going to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collision Avoidance System
A collision avoidance system (CAS), also known as a pre-crash system, forward collision warning system, or collision mitigation system, is an advanced driver-assistance system designed to prevent or reduce the severity of a collision. In its basic form, a forward collision warning system monitors a vehicle's speed, the speed of the vehicle in front of it, and the distance between the vehicles, so that it can provide a warning to the driver if the vehicles get too close, potentially helping to avoid a crash. Various technologies and sensors that are used include radar (all-weather) and sometimes laser (LIDAR) and cameras (employing image recognition) to detect an imminent crash. GPS sensors can detect fixed dangers such as approaching stop signs through a location database. Pedestrian detection can also be a feature of these types of systems. Collision avoidance systems range from widespread systems mandatory in some countries, such as autonomous emergency braking (AEB) in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cellular Network
A cellular network or mobile network is a communication network where the link to and from end nodes is wireless. The network is distributed over land areas called "cells", each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver (typically three cell sites or base transceiver stations). These base stations provide the cell with the network coverage which can be used for transmission of voice, data, and other types of content. A cell typically uses a different set of frequencies from neighboring cells, to avoid interference and provide guaranteed service quality within each cell. When joined together, these cells provide radio coverage over a wide geographic area. This enables numerous portable transceivers (e.g., mobile phones, tablets and laptops equipped with mobile broadband modems, pagers, etc.) to communicate with each other and with fixed transceivers and telephones anywhere in the network, via base stations, even if some of the transceivers are moving through more than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Base Station
Base station (or base radio station) is – according to the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – a "land station in the land mobile service." The term is used in the context of mobile telephony, wireless computer networking and other wireless communications and in land surveying. In surveying, it is a GPS receiver at a known position, while in wireless communications it is a transceiver connecting a number of other devices to one another and/or to a wider area. In mobile telephony, it provides the connection between mobile phones and the wider telephone network. In a computer network, it is a transceiver acting as a switch for computers in the network, possibly connecting them to a/another local area network and/or the Internet. In traditional wireless communications, it can refer to the hub of a dispatch fleet such as a taxi or delivery fleet, the base of a TETRA network as used by government and emergency services or a CB shack. Land s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smartwatch
A smartwatch is a wearable computer in the form of a watch; modern smartwatches provide a local touchscreen interface for daily use, while an associated smartphone app provides management and telemetry, such as long-term biomonitoring. While early models could perform basic tasks, such as calculations, digital time telling, translations, and game-playing, smartwatches released since 2015 have more general functionality closer to smartphones, including mobile apps, a mobile operating system and WiFi/Bluetooth connectivity. Some smartwatches function as portable media players, with FM radio and playback of digital audio and video files via a Bluetooth headset. Some models, called watch phones (or phone watches), have mobile cellular functionality such as making telephone calls. While internal hardware varies, most have an electronic visual display, either backlit LCD or OLED. Some use transflective or electronic paper, to consume less power. They are usually powered by a rech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Car2x Communication
A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people instead of goods. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the car, when German inventor Carl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available during the 20th century. One of the first cars affordable by the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts. In Europe and other parts of the world, demand for automobiles did not increase until after World War II. The car is considered an essential part of the developed economy. Cars have controls for driving, parking, passenger comfort, and a variety of lights. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, making them progressively more complex. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lane Departure Warning System
In road-transport terminology, a lane departure warning system (LDWS) is a mechanism designed to warn the driver when the vehicle begins to move out of its lane (unless a turn signal is on in that direction) on freeways and arterial roads. These systems are designed to minimize accidents by addressing the main causes of collisions: driver error, distractions and drowsiness. In 2009 the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) began studying whether to mandate lane departure warning systems and frontal collision warning systems on automobiles. There are four types of systems: *Lane departure warning (LDW): Systems which warn the driver if the vehicle is leaving its lane with visual, audible, and/or vibration warnings *Lane keeping assist (LKA/LKS): Systems which warn the driver and, with no response, automatically take steps to ensure the vehicle stays in its lane * Lane centering assist (LCA): Systems which assist in oversteering, keeping the car centered in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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