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Vanguarda Armada Revolucionária Palmares
The Vanguarda Armada Revolucionária Palmares (VAR Palmares, en, Palmares Armed Revolutionary Vanguard) was a far left guerrilla organization in Brazil, which fought against the military dictatorship installed after the 1964 coup d'état in the country with the objective to implant a communist dictatorship. The organization was named after Palmares, a legendary quilombo destroyed by Portuguese artillery in 1694. It was created in July 1969, as a result of the merger between Comando de Libertação Nacional (Colina) and Vanguarda Popular Revolucionária (VPR, en, Popular Revolutionary Vanguard), led by anti-dictatorship Army Captain Carlos Lamarca. As historian and former MR-8 militant declared to journalist Elio Gaspari, "as part of the radicalization process initiated on 1961, the project of the leftist organizations that supported the armed struggle was revolutionary, abusive and dictatorial (...) There is not even one document of those organizations in which they prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comando De Libertação Nacional
The Comando de Libertação Nacional (Colina, en, National Liberation Command) was a far left political organization in Brazil. It originated on 1967 in the state of Minas Gerais, through the merger of Worker's Politics ( pt, Política Operária - Polop), an organization founded in 1961 as a faction of the Brazilian Socialist Party, with some leftist militants. Colina embraced the ideas advocated by OSPAAAL, starting armed actions in 1968 to fund rural guerrilla warfare against the military dictatorship installed after the United States government-sponsored 1964 coup d'état. Colina became known for its clumsy attempt to "make justice" against Bolivian Captain Gary Prado, billed as the officer who had captured and executed Che Guevara in Bolivia."Brasileiro lamenta não ter sido o 'vingador ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Lamarca
Carlos Lamarca (; October 23, 1937 – September 17, 1971) was a Brazilian Army Captain who deserted to become a member of the armed resistance to the Brazilian dictatorship. He was a part of the Popular Revolutionary Vanguard (''Vanguarda Popular Revolucionária - VPR'') and became, along with Carlos Marighella, one of the leaders of the armed struggle against the military dictatorship. Such groups were armed chiefly for self-protection from the Right-wing dictatorship that unleashed state terrorism against any who opposed their regime, including students, the clergy, and the children of those who called for democracy. The kidnappings by a few armed groups were conducted to free comrades suffering extremely brutal torture in Brazil's prisons. Early life Carlos Lamarca was born on October 23, 1937, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. In 1955, he joined the Preparatory School of Military Cadets in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Two years later he was transferred to the Milita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rio De Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a beta global city, Rio de Janeiro is the sixth-most populous city in the Americas. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea", on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, a domain of the Portuguese Empire. In 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. In 1808, when the Portuguese Royal Court moved to Brazil, Rio de Janeiro became the seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal. She subsequently, under the leadership of her son the prince regent João VI of Portugal, raised Brazil to the dignity of a k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOI-CODI
The Departamento de Operações de Informações - Centro de Operações de Defesa Interna ( en, Department of Information Operations - Center for Internal Defense Operations) was the Brazilian intelligence and political repression agency during the military dictatorship (1964–1985). This period started on March 31, 1964, with the removal of the civilian government by military forces and ended in 1984. DOI-CODI was responsible for suppressing internal dissent against the regime. It acted as a political police, using torture and other counter-insurgency methods, with a focus on anti-communism. Several political activists, intellectuals, artists, college students and journalists were interrogated and at times tortured by the DOI-CODI throughout its existence. The first DOI unit started in São Paulo as a private organization called "OBAN - Bandeirante Operation" ( – OBAN). OBAN was an illegal organization created using members of the federal police, civil state police, military ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Disappearance
An enforced disappearance (or forced disappearance) is the secret abduction or imprisonment of a person by a state or political organization, or by a third party with the authorization, support, or acquiescence of a state or political organization, followed by a refusal to acknowledge the person's fate and whereabouts, with the intent of placing the victim outside the protection of the law. According to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which came into force on 1 July 2002, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed at any civilian population, a "forced disappearance" qualifies as a crime against humanity, not subject to a statute of limitations, in international criminal law. On 20 December 2006, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. Often, forced disappearance implies murder: a victim is abducted, may be illegally detained and of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Miracle
The Brazilian Miracle () was a period of exceptional economic growth in Brazil during the rule of the Brazilian military dictatorship, achieved via a heterodox and developmentalist model. During this time the average annual GDP growth was close to 10%. The greatest economic growth was reached during the tenure of President Emílio Garrastazu Médici from 1969 to 1973. The short-lived economic miracle in Brazil was based on, as James Petras argues: ''a) violent illegitimate seizure of political power by the military;'' ''b) the institutionalization of violence through an extensive and intensive system of military-police controls throughout civil society;'' ''c) the systematic use of terror to contain popular discontent, to disarticulate mass organizations and to destroy guerrilla resistance;'' ''d) the elaboration of the National Security ideology to justify the State's "permanent state of war" against autonomous class or nationalist movements.''Perception of the so-called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antônio Delfim Netto
Antônio Delfim Netto (born May 1, 1928) is a Brazilian economist, former Minister of Finance, Agriculture, and Planning of Brazil, professor and congressman A Member of Congress (MOC) is a person who has been appointed or elected and inducted into an official body called a congress, typically to represent a particular constituency in a legislature. The term member of parliament (MP) is an equivalen .... During his incumbency as Minister of Finance of Brazil, the country experienced the so-called ''Milagre Econômico'' (the Economic Miracle), a time of unprecedented economic growth. The Milagre Econômico overseen by Delfim Netto relied on a heterodox, developmentalist model. The economic expansion relied on low wages, rapidly rising exports, and foreign capital inflows. Delfim Netto originated the phrase "cake theory" in reference to this model: the cake had to grow before it could be distributed. Although the "cake" in his metaphor did grow, it was highly unequally dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dilma Rousseff
Dilma Vana Rousseff (; born 14 December 1947) is a Brazilian economist and politician who served as the 36th president of Brazil, holding the position from 2011 until her impeachment and removal from office on 31 August 2016. She is the first woman to have held the Brazilian presidency and had previously served as chief of staff to former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva from 2005 to 2010. Rousseff was raised in an upper middle class household in Belo Horizonte. She became a socialist in her youth and after the 1964 coup d'état joined left-wing and Marxist urban guerrilla groups that fought against the military dictatorship. Rousseff was captured, tortured, and jailed from 1970 to 1972. by Bradley Brooks, Associated Press, 31 October 2010. Retrieved from Internet Archive 11 January 2014. After her release, Rousseff rebuilt her life in Porto Alegre with her husband Carlos Araújo. They both helped to found the Democratic Labour Party (PDT) in Rio Grande do Sul, and partic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Minc
Carlos Minc Baumfeld (born July 12, 1951) is a Brazilian geographer, professor, environmentalist, politician and Minister of Environment in Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's second term as president of Brazil. Personal life Minc was born on July 12, 1951. He studied at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. He was a student leader and participated in resistance against the military dictatorship. He was arrested in 1969 and exiled. In 1979, with the help from Amnesty, he returned to Brazil. In 1978, Minc completed his master's degree from the Technical University of Lisbon. He completed his doctorate from the University of Paris in 1984. Minc is married and has two children. Political career Minc was one of the founding members of the Green Party, together with Fernando Gabeira, Alfredo Sirkis, and others. Minc was elected Member state for the first time in 1986, in coalition with Workers' Party. He was re-elected in 1994, 1998, and 2002. On November 22, 2006, Sérgio Cabral Filho, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Corruption
Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain. Forms of corruption vary, but can include bribery, lobbying, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, parochialism, patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though it is not restricted to these activities. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is also considered political corruption. Over time, corruption has been defined differently. For example, in a simple context, while performing work for a government or as a representative, it is unethical to accept a gift. Any free gift could be construed as a scheme to lure the recipient towards some biases. In most cases, the gift is seen as an intention to seek certain favors such as work promotion, tipping in or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
