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Valerian Polyansky
Pavel Ivanovich Lebedev-Polianskii (Russian: Па́вел Ива́нович Ле́бедев-Поля́нский; 21 December 1881 – 4 April 1948) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and later a prominent Soviet state functionary, literary scholar and academic. Biography Born Pavel Ivanovich Lebedev in Melenki, Vladimir Oblast he became active in the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1902. In 1908, he eloped with Vera Lebedeva and then went into exile in Geneva where they stayed until returning to Russia in 1917. In 1914, he reconstituted Vpered arguing that the reason so many European socialists supported the First World War indicated that socialist ideology was weak - something which could be addressed by scientific and socialist education. He also used the pseudonym Valerian Polianskii. He joined the Bolsheviks in August 1917. From 1917 to 1919, he was commissar of the Main Administration of Literature and Publishing department of the Peo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melenki
Melenki (russian: Меленки) is the name of several types of inhabited localities in Russia, inhabited localities in Russia. Ivanovo Oblast As of 2010, one rural locality in Ivanovo Oblast bears this name: *Melenki, Ivanovo Oblast, a village#Russia, village in Privolzhsky District, Ivanovo Oblast, Privolzhsky District Kaluga Oblast As of 2010, one rural locality in Kaluga Oblast bears this name: *Melenki, Kaluga Oblast, a village#Russia, village in Dzerzhinsky District, Kaluga Oblast, Dzerzhinsky District Kostroma Oblast As of 2010, two rural localities in Kostroma Oblast bear this name: *Melenki, Kadyysky District, Kostroma Oblast, a village#Russia, village in Chernyshevskoye Settlement of Kadyysky District *Melenki, Susaninsky District, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Sokirinskoye Settlement of Susaninsky District Moscow Oblast As of 2010, four rural localities in Moscow Oblast bear this name: *Melenki, Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Oblast, a village#Russia, village in Kulikovs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva
Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated in the south west of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Canton of Geneva, Republic and Canton of Geneva. The city of Geneva () had a population 201,818 in 2019 (Jan. estimate) within its small municipal territory of , but the Canton of Geneva (the city and its closest Swiss suburbs and exurbs) had a population of 499,480 (Jan. 2019 estimate) over , and together with the suburbs and exurbs located in the canton of Vaud and in the French Departments of France, departments of Ain and Haute-Savoie the cross-border Geneva metropolitan area as officially defined by Eurostat, which extends over ,As of 2020, the Eurostat-defined Functional Urban Area of Geneva was made up of 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1881 Births
Events January–March * January 1– 24 – Siege of Geok Tepe: Russian troops under General Mikhail Skobelev defeat the Turkomans. * January 13 – War of the Pacific – Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos: The Chilean army defeats Peruvian forces. * January 15 – War of the Pacific – Battle of Miraflores: The Chileans take Lima, capital of Peru, after defeating its second line of defense in Miraflores. * January 24 – William Edward Forster, chief secretary for Ireland, introduces his Coercion Bill, which temporarily suspends habeas corpus so that those people suspected of committing an offence can be detained without trial; it goes through a long debate before it is accepted February 2. * January 25 – Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company. * February 13 – The first issue of the feminist newspaper ''La Citoyenne'' is published by Hubertine Auclert. * February 16 – The Canad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pushkin House
The Pushkin House (russian: Пушкинский дом, Pushkinsky Dom), formally the Institute of Russian Literature (), is a research institute in St. Petersburg. It is part of a network of institutions affiliated with the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Establishment The Russian Literature Institute began its life in December 1905 as the main centre for Alexander Pushkin studies in Imperial Russia. A commission in charge of erecting a Pushkin monument in St. Petersburg, led by Sergei Oldenburg and Aleksey Shakhmatov, suggested a permanent institution be set up to preserve original Pushkin manuscripts: The idea won support from all sides and was welcomed by Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich. It was understood that the Pushkin House would be housed in a purpose-built Neoclassical edifice, or Odeon, but the idea failed to materialize owing to lack of funds. In 1907 Vladimir Kokovtsov, Minister of Finance, came up with the proposal to acquire a huge collection ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Literary Encyclopedia
''Literary Encyclopedia'' (Russian: Литературная энциклопедия) is a 12-volume encyclopedia published in the USSR from 1929 until 1939. It contains more than 5000 entries with a focus on Russian and Soviet authors, as well as literary schools, trends, directions, and literary concepts. The 10th volume was delayed by Soviet censors in 1937, rumored to be a result of concerns about the article "Russian literature" The series was halted in 1939 after the publication of the 11th volume. The 12 volume was published later based on drafts. Volumes * Volume 1: Abay - Byvalov (1930)) * Volume 2: Bylinas - Griboedov (1929) * Volume 3: Grigorovich - Dyalsky (1930) * Volume 4: The Gospel - Ishki (1930) * Volume 5: Kaan - Kiichelbecker (1931) * Volume 6: La Barth - (1932) * Volume 7: Marly - German Literature (1934) * Volume 8: German - Plutarch (1934) * Volume 9: Pnin - Roman (1935) * Volume 10: Romanov - "The Contemporary" (Journal of Nekrasov and II Panayeva) (1937) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; ) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya'' (or '' Great Russian Encyclopedia'') in an updated and revised form. The GSE claimed to be "the first Marxist–Leninist general-purpose encyclopedia". Origins The idea of the ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' emerged in 1923 on the initiative of Otto Schmidt, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In early 1924 Schmidt worked with a group which included Mikhail Pokrovsky, (rector of the Institute of Red Professors), Nikolai Meshcheryakov (Former head of the Glavit, the State Administration of Publishing Affairs), Valery Bryusov (poet), Veniamin Kagan (mathematician) and Konstantin Kuzminsky to draw up a proposal which was agreed to in April 1924. Also involved was Anatoly Lunacharsky, People's Commissar of Education ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glavlit
Main Directorate for the Protection of State Secrets in the Press under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (russian: Главное управление по охране государственных тайн в печати при СМ СССР) was the official censorship and state secret protection organ in the Soviet Union. The censorship agency was established in 1922 under the name "Main Administration for Literary and Publishing Affairs at the RSFSR Narkompros", abbreviated as Glavlit (Главлит). The latter term was in semiofficial use until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Since the word "Glavlit" hints at "literature", the organization is often confused with Goskomizdat, which performed another type of censorship: it controlled the political content in fiction, poetry, etc. Chronology of names *1922: Main Administration for Literary and Publishing Affairs under the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR (Главное управление п ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fedor Kalinin
Fedor Ivanovich Kalinin (Russian: Фёдор Иванович Калинин; 14 February 1882 – 5 February 1920) was a Russian revolutionary, literary critic and writer. Fedor was the younger brother of Mikhail Kalinin. Kalinin was born on February 14, 1882 (or 1883, according to some sources) in the village of Shiklovo in the industrial region of Vladimir province. He started working at the age of 12, variously as a carpenter, typesetter, and a weaver, like his father, at a factory in Strunino. While working he became acquainted with Russian fiction and criticism, then moved on to political literature. Dismissed from the factory, he moved to Yaroslavl, where he joined the student-worker circle of self-education. The members of the circle were preparing an assassination attempt on the Yaroslavl governor, but the police uncovered the plot. Fedor Kalinin spent more than a year in prison, after which in 1902 he was exiled to the Arkhangelsk province. He returned from exile in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proletarskaya Kul'tura
''Proletarskaya Kul'tura'' (russian: Пролетарская Культура; English: ''Proletarian Culture'') was a magazine published by Proletkult. It was an important political and cultural publication in Russia following the Bolshevik seizure of power. It was edited by Pavel Lebedev-Polianskii Pavel Ivanovich Lebedev-Polianskii (Russian: Па́вел Ива́нович Ле́бедев-Поля́нский; 21 December 1881 – 4 April 1948) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and later a prominent Soviet state functionary, literary schola ... and Fedor Kalinin. The magazine consisted of a series numbered up to 21, however as there were some multiple issues there were only 13 different publications They published such writers as Alexander Bogdanov and Aleksei Gastev. In summer 1919, Rogozinsky's proposal to turn the Proletarian University into the ''Sverdlov Proletarian University'', a proposal accompanied by restrictions in scope limited to creating a training school for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proletkult
Proletkult ( rus, Пролетку́льт, p=prəlʲɪtˈkulʲt), a portmanteau of the Russian words "proletarskaya kultura" (proletarian culture), was an experimental Soviet artistic institution that arose in conjunction with the Russian Revolution of 1917. This organization, a federation of local cultural societies and avant-garde artists, was most prominent in the visual, literary, and dramatic fields. Proletkult aspired to radically modify existing artistic forms by creating a new, revolutionary working-class aesthetic, which drew its inspiration from the construction of modern industrial society in backward, agrarian Russia. Although funded by the People's Commissariat for Education of Soviet Russia, the Proletkult organization sought autonomy from state control, a demand which brought it into conflict with the Communist Party hierarchy and the Soviet state bureaucracy. Some top party leaders, such as Lenin, sought to concentrate state funding and retain it from such artistic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Commissariat For Education
The People's Commissariat for Education (or Narkompros; russian: Народный комиссариат просвещения, Наркомпрос, directly translated as the "People's Commissariat for Enlightenment") was the Soviet agency charged with the administration of public education and most other issues related to culture. In 1946, it was transformed into the Ministry of Education. Its first head was Anatoly Lunacharsky. However he described Nadezhda Krupskaya as the "soul of Narkompros". Mikhail Pokrovsky, Dmitry Leshchenko and Evgraf Litkens also played important roles. Lunacharsky protected most of the avant-garde artists such as Vladimir Mayakovsky, Kazimir Malevich, Vladimir Tatlin and Vsevolod Meyerhold. Despite his efforts, the official policy after Joseph Stalin put him in disgrace. Narkompros had seventeen sections, in addition to the main ones related to general education, e.g., * Likbez, a section for liquidation of illiteracy, * " Profobr", a section for pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Directorate For The Protection Of State Secrets In The Press
Main Directorate for the Protection of State Secrets in the Press under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (russian: Главное управление по охране государственных тайн в печати при СМ СССР) was the official censorship and Classified information, state secret protection organ in the Soviet Union. The censorship agency was established in 1922 under the name "Main Administration for Literary and Publishing Affairs at the RSFSR People's Commissariat for Education, Narkompros", abbreviated as Glavlit (Главлит). The latter term was in semiofficial use until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Since the word "Glavlit" hints at "literature", the organization is often confused with Goskomizdat, which performed another type of censorship: it controlled the political content in fiction, poetry, etc. Chronology of names *1922: Main Administration for Literary and Publishing Affairs under the People's Commissariat of Edu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
