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Voluntary People's Druzhina
Voluntary People's Druzhina (russian: Добровольная народная дружина, ДНД, Dobrovolnaya narodnaya druzhina, DND) variously translated as Voluntary People’s Guard, People’s Volunteer Squads, People's Volunteer Militia, etc. were voluntary detachments for maintaining public order in the Soviet Union similar to the Neighborhood Watch. The program has been restarted in Russia. History People's Druzhinas in support of law enforcement were introduced in Russian Empire in 1913. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 there were various forms of non-governmental workers and peasants' organizations, which were disbanded by the early 1930s. Instead the Voluntary Society for Support of Militsiya (ОСОДМИЛ) was created. In 1932 it was subordinated to militsiya and renamed to "Militsiya Support Brigades". (БРИГАДМИЛ). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badge
A badge is a device or accessory, often containing the insignia of an organization, which is presented or displayed to indicate some feat of service, a special accomplishment, a symbol of authority granted by taking an oath (e.g., police and fire), a sign of legitimate employment or student status, or as a simple means of identification. They are also used in advertising, publicity, and for branding purposes. Police badges date back to medieval times when knights wore a coat of arms representing their allegiances and loyalty. Badges can be made from metal, plastic, leather, textile, natural rubber, rubber, etc., and they are commonly attached to clothing, bags, footwear, vehicles, home electrical equipment, etc. Textile badges or patches can be either woven or embroidered, and can be attached by gluing, ironing-on, sewing or applique. Badges have become highly collectable: in the United Kingdom, UK, for example, the Badge Collectors' Circle has been in existence since 1980. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drunkard
Alcoholism is, broadly, any drinking of alcohol that results in significant mental or physical health problems. Because there is disagreement on the definition of the word ''alcoholism'', it is not a recognized diagnostic entity. Predominant diagnostic classifications are alcohol use disorder (DSM-5) or alcohol dependence (ICD-11); these are defined in their respective sources. Excessive alcohol use can damage all organ systems, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas and immune system. Alcoholism can result in mental illness, delirium tremens, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, irregular heartbeat, an impaired immune response, liver cirrhosis and increased cancer risk. Drinking during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Women are generally more sensitive than men to the harmful effects of alcohol, primarily due to their smaller body weight, lower capacity to metabolize alcohol, and higher proportion of body fat. In a small number of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Enforcement In The Soviet Union
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the art of justice. State-enforced laws can be made by a group legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes; by the executive through decrees and regulations; or established by judges through precedent, usually in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals may create legally binding contracts, including arbitration agreements that adopt alternative ways of resolving disputes to standard court litigation. The creation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people. Legal systems vary between jurisdiction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hilfspolizei
The ''Hilfspolizei'' (abbreviated ''HiPo'' or ''Hipo''; meaning "auxiliary police") was a short-lived auxiliary police force in Nazi Germany in 1933. The term was later semi-officially used for various auxiliary organizations subordinated to the Ordnungspolizei as well as various military and paramilitary units set up during World War II in German-occupied Europe. Hipo 1933 Hermann Göring, newly appointed as Interior Minister of Prussia, established the Hilfspolizei on 22 February 1933 to assist regular police in maintaining order and later in handling communists in the wake of the Reichstag fire. The organization quickly spread from Prussia to other German states and Hitler endorsed it in the Reichstag Fire Decree. The units were staffed mainly by members of Sturmabteilung (SA) and Allgemeine SS wearing SA or SS uniforms with a white brassard. It is estimated that the auxiliary units had 25,000 SA and 15,000 SS members. The units also included members of ''Der Stahlhelm'' vete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shomrim (neighborhood Watch Group)
Shomrim (, 'watchers', 'guards') or Shmira ( he, שְׁמִירָה, 'protection') are organizations of proactive volunteer Jewish civilian patrols which have been set up in Haredi communities in neighborhoods across the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom (among other countries) to combat burglary, vandalism, mugging, assault, domestic violence, nuisance crimes and antisemitic attacks, and to help and support victims of crime. They also help locate missing people. Shomrim volunteers are unarmed and do not have the authority to make arrests, other than citizen's arrest. Some Shomrim members in the United States have been convicted of assaults and misdemeanors against people from outside their community.Feuer, Alan.Brooklyn’s Private Jewish Patrols Wield Power. Some Call Them Bullies. ''The New York Times'', 17 June 2016. In Brooklyn, Baltimore, and London many residents call Shomrim prior to the police due to the former's shorter response time. However, one of the vol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mishmar Ezrahi
The Civil Guard ( he, המשמר האזרחי, Ha-Mishmar Ha-ʿEzraḥi), abbreviated in Hebrew as Mash'az (משא"ז) is a volunteer organization of Israeli citizens which assists in daily police work. It is a subdivision of the Israel Police. Organization As of today, the Civil Guard is a division in the "Police and Community" branch of the Israel Police. The Civil Guard is managed and supported by the police which provide weapons, equipment, training and police officers who command local Civil Guard bases (each community has one or more Civil Guard bases). Although the Civil Guard is operated by the police, its manpower consists mainly of civilian volunteers. Members are trained to provide the initial response to a security situation until regular police forces arrive. Most Civil Guard volunteers are armed with M1 carbines, or more recently, CAR-15 carbines, and personal handguns (if the member has a civilian gun license). The Civil Guard is composed mainly of volunteers who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Petersburg Police
The Saint Petersburg Police (russian: полиция Санкт-Петербурга), officially the Main Administration for Internal Affairs of the City of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast (Главное управление внутренних дел Санкт-Петербурга и Ленинградской области) is the state police force of Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast, Russia. The main responsibilities of the service are the internal security, protection of human rights and freedoms, suppression and detection of crime, and protection of public order. It is one of the oldest police services in Russia and the world, established on June 7, 1718, by Peter the Great as the municipal police for city of Saint Petersburg. During the Soviet era, from 1924 the service was known as the Leningrad Militsiya (russian: милицию Ленинграда) until 1991, when it was changed to Saint Petersburg Militsiya (russian: милицию Санкт-Пе ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow City Police
The Moscow Police (russian: Московская полиция), officially the Main Directorate of Internal Affairs of the City of Moscow (russian: Главное управление внутренних дел по городу Москве), is the police force for Moscow, Russia. The Moscow Police is the largest regional police force in Russia with 50,500 officers as of 2010, with primary responsibilities in law enforcement, the detection and investigation of crime, and protection of the public order in the Federal City of Moscow. It is part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) and also subordinate to Moscow City Duma, with its headquarters located at 38 Petrovka Street in Tverskoy District, Moscow. Moscow Police is headed by the Chief appointed by the President of Russia, on the recommendation of the Minister of Internal Affairs, based on a nomination of the Mayor of Moscow. Oleg Baranov is the acting police chief who was appointed September 23, 2016. The Moscow Poli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nashi (youth Movement)
''Nashi'' (russian: Молодёжное демократическое aнтифашистское движение «Наши», ' Youth Democratic Anti-Fascist Movement "Ours!") was a political youth movement in Russian Federation, Russia, which declared itself to be a democratic, anti-fascist, anti-"oligarchic-capitalist" movement. Senior figures in the Russian Presidential administration encouraged the formation of the group, which Moises Naim labelled a government organized non-governmental organization (GONGO). By late 2007, it had grown in size to some 120,000 members aged between 17 and 25. On April 6, 2012, the ''Nashi'' leader announced that the current form of the movement would dissolve in the near future, possibly to be replaced by a different organisation. He stated that ''Nashi'' had been "compromised" during the 2012 Russian presidential election. In 2013, the organization ceased its activities and on December 2, 2019, the legal entity was liquidated. Western cri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armband
An armband is a piece of material worn around the arm. They may be worn for pure ornamentation, or to mark the wearer as belonging to group, or as insignia having a certain rank, status, office or role, or being in a particular state or condition. Sprung armbands, known as sleeve garters, have been used by men to keep overlong sleeves from dropping over the hands and thereby interfering with their use. Armbands may also refer to inflatable armbands used to assist flotation for swimmers or for use with sphygmomanometers, in which case they are generally referred to as cuffs. Variation Bronze Age armbands have been found made from bronze (sometimes gilded) and jet. Some were constructed so that it would have been impossible to remove them. When used as part of a military uniform it is called a brassard. Uniforms serving other purposes such as to identify members of clubs, societies or teams may also have armbands for certain ranks or functions. An armband might identify a group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissolution Of The Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Soviet Union (USSR) which resulted in the end of the country's and its federal government's existence as a sovereign state, thereby resulting in its constituent republics gaining full sovereignty on 26 December 1991. It brought an end to General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's (later also President) effort to reform the Soviet political and economic system in an attempt to stop a period of political stalemate and economic backslide. The Soviet Union had experienced internal stagnation and ethnic separatism. Although highly centralized until its final years, the country was made up of fifteen top-level republics that served as homelands for different ethnicities. By late 1991, amid a catastrophic political crisis, with several republics alre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukase
In Imperial Russia, a ukase () or ukaz (russian: указ ) was a proclamation of the tsar, government, or a religious leader (patriarch) that had the force of law. "Edict" and "decree" are adequate translations using the terminology and concepts of Roman law. From the Russian term, the word ''ukase'' has entered the English language with the meaning of "any proclamation or decree; an order or regulation of a final or arbitrary nature". History Prior to the 1917 October Revolution, the term applied in Russia to an edict or ordinance, legislative or administrative, having the force of law. A ukase proceeded either from the emperor or from the senate, which had the power of issuing such ordinances for the purpose of carrying out existing decrees. All such decrees were promulgated by the senate. A difference was drawn between the ukase signed by the emperor’s hand and his verbal ukase, or order, made upon a report submitted to him. After the Revolution, a government proclamation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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