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Versement Transport
In France, the versement transport (abbreviated VT) is a hypothecated tax, hypothecated urban regional payroll tax levied on the total gross salaries of all employees of companies of more than 11 employees, originally intended to raise capital for investment in local public transport infrastructure, but more and more used to cover its operating expenses. The tax is levied on the employer, not the employee directly. The money is directed to the (AOT, "Urban Regional Transport Authority"), the local government authority responsible for organising public transport. In 2010, for example, this tax financed nearly 40% of the operational cost for the public transport network in Ile-de-France through the (STIF), the AOT for the Île-de-France (region), Île-de-France, which includes Paris. The STIF distributed the money between the Régie autonome des transports parisiens (RATP, the metropolitan transport authority), the Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF, the state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seine-Saint-Denis
() is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as ' or ' ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobigny. In 2019, it had a population of 1,644,903 across 40 communes.Populations légales 2019: 93 Seine-Saint-Denis INSEE In French, the learned but rarely used demonym for the inhabitants of Seine-Saint-Denis is ; more common is . Geography The department is surrounded by the departments of Hauts-de-Seine, |
Communauté Urbaine
Communauté urbaine (French for "urban community") is the second most integrated form of intercommunality in France, after the ''Metropolis'' (french: link=no, métropole). A ''communauté urbaine'' is composed of a city (commune) and its independent suburbs (independent communes). The first communautés urbaines were created by the French Parliament on 31 December 1966. Originally there were only four, found in the metropolitan areas of Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon and Strasbourg. Later, others were created in other metropolitan areas. The purpose of the communautés urbaines was to achieve cooperation and joint administration between large cities and their independent suburbs. This step often followed failed attempts to merge the communes within a metropolitan area. The status of the communauté urbaine was modified by the Chevènement Law of 1999. Since the creation of the métropoles in 2011, several former communautés urbaines have become métropoles, for instance Nice, Strasbou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communauté D'agglomération
An agglomeration community (french: communauté d'agglomération) is a government structure in France, created by the Chevènement Law of 1999. It is one of four forms of intercommunality, less integrated than a métropole or a communauté urbaine but more integrated than a communauté de communes. Agglomeration communities consist of a commune of at least 15,000 inhabitants (or a prefecture with less than 15,000 inhabitants) and its independent suburbs. As of March 2020, there are 222 agglomeration communities in France (207 in metropolitan France and 15 in the overseas departments).BANATIC France, Liste des groupements. Accessed 2020-03-19. The population (as of 2017) of the agglomeration communities ranges from 355,650 inhabitants ( [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communauté De Communes
A ''communauté de communes'' (, "community of communes") is a federation of municipalities (communes) in France. It forms a framework within which local tasks are carried out together. It is the least-integrated form of ''intercommunalité'' (intercommunality). As of 1 January 2007, there were 2,400 ''communautés de communes'' in France (2,391 in metropolitan France and 9 in the overseas departments), with 26.48 million people living in them. Since then, many ''communautés de communes'' have been merged or have joined a ''communauté d'agglomération'', a ''communauté urbaine'' or a ''métropole''. While there were 2,408 ''communautés de communes'' in January 2010 and 1,842 in January 2016, there were only 1,009 ''communautés de communes'' left on 1 April 2018. Tableau 1.1. Le nombre d´EPCI à fisc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (, "Vale of the Oise") is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.Populations légales 2019: 95 Val-d'Oise INSEE It is named after the river , a major tributary of the , which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. |
Essonne
Essonne () is a department of France in the southern Île-de-France region. It is named after the river Essonne. In 2019, it had a population of 1,301,659 across 194 communes.Populations légales 2019: 91 Essonne INSEE Essonne was formed on 1 January 1968 when was split into smaller departments. Its prefecture is . Its [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yvelines
Yvelines () is a department in the western part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,448,207.Populations légales 2019: 78 Yvelines INSEE Its is , home to the , the principal residence of the King of France from 1682 until 1789, a |
Seine-et-Marne
Seine-et-Marne () is a Departments of France, department in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region in Northern France. Named after the rivers Seine and Marne (river), Marne, it is the region's largest department with an area of 5,915 square kilometres (2,284 square miles); it roughly covers its eastern half. In 2019, it had a population of 1,421,197.Populations légales 2019: 77 Seine-et-Marne INSEE Its Prefectures in France, prefecture is Melun, although both Meaux and Chelles, Seine-et-Marne, Chelles have larger populations. History Seine-et-Marne is one of the original 83 departments created on 4 March 1790 during the French Revolution in application of the law of 22 December 1789. It had previously belonged to the province of France, former province of Île-d ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Val-de-Marne
Val-de-Marne (, "Vale of the Marne") is a department of France located in the Île-de-France region. Named after the river Marne, it is situated in the Grand Paris metropolis to the southeast of the City of Paris. In 2019, Val-de-Marne had a population of 1,407,124.Populations légales 2019: 94 Val-de-Marne INSEE Its INSEE and postcode number is 94. Geography Val-de-Marne is, together with and[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hauts-de-Seine
Hauts-de-Seine (; ) is a Departments of France, département in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region, Northern France. It covers Paris's western inner Banlieue, suburbs. It is bordered by Paris, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne to the east, Val-d'Oise to the north, Yvelines to the west and Essonne to the south. With a population of 1,624,357 (as of 2019)Populations légales 2019: 92 Hauts-de-Seine INSEE and a total area of 176 square kilometres (68 square miles), it is the second most List of French departments by population, highly densely populated department of France after Paris. It is the List of French departments by population, fifth most populous department in France. Its Prefectures in France, prefecture is Nanterre although Boulogne-Billancourt, one of its two Subprefec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypothecated Tax
The hypothecation of a tax (also known as the ring-fencing or earmarking of a tax) is the dedication of the revenue from a specific tax for a particular expenditure purpose. This approach differs from the classical method according to which all government spending is done from a consolidated fund. History Hypothecated taxes have a long history. One of the first examples of earmarking was ship money, the tax paid by English seaports used to finance the Royal Navy. Later, in the 20th century, the hypothecated tax began to be discussed by politicians in the United Kingdom. For example, the Vehicle Excise Duty from 1920 when earned revenues were used for the construction and maintenance of the roads, assigning 1p on the income tax directly to education in 1992, or giving £300 million per year from the revenues from taxes on the tobacco industry to help the fight against smoking-related diseases since 1999. Nowadays, earmarking of taxes is mainly connected to the health care system, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
