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Unzhlag
Unzhlag or Unzhensky ITL (Unzhensky corrective labor camp) (russian: Унжлаг, Унженский ИТЛ) was a camp of the GULAG system of labor camps in the Soviet Union. Named after the Unzha River, it has headquarters at the railway station Sukhobezvodnoye (Сухобезводное, Сухобезводная), Gorky Oblast. It operated from February 5, 1938 to 1960. The main operation was logging and wood processing industries, but also served a wide variety of other small-scale industries: construction, metalworking, railroad servicing, clothing, footwear, pottery production, etc. The camp had 30 sites ('' lagpunkts''). There is a small museum of Unzhlag on the private property of a local lore enthusiast Mikhail Shulegin in the village . Notable inmates *Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli, Azerbaijani statesman and writer. *Dalia Grinkevičiūtė, Lithuanian school girl deported in June 1941 who later wrote a memoir about her experiences * Lev Kopelev describes his exper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli
Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli ( az, Yusif Vəzir Çəmənzəminli), also spelled Chemenzeminli, born Yusif Mirbaba oghlu Vazirov (12 September 1887 – 3 January 1943) was an Azerbaijani statesman and writer known for his novels, short stories, essays, and diaries. Evidence points to the fact that Chamanzaminli was the primary core author of the famous romance novel ''Ali and Nino'' first published in 1937 in Austria under the pen-name of Kurban Said. image:Baku manuscripts institute.jpg, thumb , 200px, Institute of Manuscripts in Baku where the original documents of Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli are archived, including diaries, articles, short stories, novels. Chamanzaminli's Fund is one of the largest literary collections, thanks to Kichik Khanim Ajalova (1875–1967), his mother-in-law, who hid his manuscripts during Stalin's Repressions. Life and career Chamanzaminli was born the second son of seven children to Mirbaba Mirabdulla oghlu Vazirov (died 1906) and Seyid Aziza Seyid Hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukhobezvodnoye
Sukhobezvodnoye (russian: Сухобезво́дное) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population: See also * Unzhlag - a forced labor camp of the Gulag The Gulag, an acronym for , , "chief administration of the camps". The original name given to the system of camps controlled by the GPU was the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps (, )., name=, group= was the government agency in ... system located in Sukhobezvodnoye References Urban-type settlements in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Semyonov Urban Okrug {{NizhnyNovgorodOblast-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dalia Grinkevičiūtė
Dalia Grinkevičiūtė (1927–1987) was a Lithuanian physician and writer. She is best known for her memoirs of exile and repression by the Soviet Union. These were published in multiple editions, starting in 1979. They are now part of the Lithuanian school curriculum and have been translated into English and German. Biography She was born in Kaunas and studied at the local girls' gymnasium. After the Soviet occupation of Lithuania, the family was exiled in the first wave of deportations that took place in June 1941. Dalia's father was separated from the rest of the family and died in the Urals. Dalia, her mother, and her brother were first sent to the Altai region and then transported to Trofimovsk (), a prison island in the Lena River delta far beyond the Arctic Circle. Many of the deportees died of cold and starvation. In 1948, Dalia was given permission to attend college in Yakutsk. Although banned, Dalia's mother boarded the steamer with her. They were discovered and Dalia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labor Camp
A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons (especially prison farms). Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators. Convention no. 105 of the United Nations International Labour Organization (ILO), adopted internationally on 27 June 1957, abolished camps of forced labor. In the 20th century, a new category of labor camps developed for the imprisonment of millions of people who were not criminals ''per se'', but political opponents (real or imagined) and various so-called undesirables under communist and fascist regimes. Some of those camps were dubbed "reeducation facilities" for political coercion, but most others served as backbones of industry and agriculture for the benefit of the state, especially in times of war. Precursors Early-modern states could exploit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GULAG
The Gulag, an acronym for , , "chief administration of the camps". The original name given to the system of camps controlled by the GPU was the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps (, )., name=, group= was the government agency in charge of the Soviet network of forced labour camps which were set up by order of Vladimir Lenin, reaching its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the early 1950s. English-language speakers also use the word ''gulag'' in reference to each of the forced-labor camps that existed in the Soviet Union, including the camps that existed in the post-Lenin era. The Gulag is recognized as a major instrument of political repression in the Soviet Union. The camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners, a large number of whom were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas or other instruments of extrajudicial punishment. In 1918–22, the agency was administered by the Cheka, follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk ( Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unzha River
The Unzha (russian: Унжа) is a river in the Vologda Oblast and Kostroma Oblast in Russia, a tributary of the Volga. It is long, and its Drainage basin, basin covers .«Река Унжа» Russian State Water Registry The Unzha begins at the Confluence (geography), confluence of the rivers Kema (Unzha), Kema and the Lundonga. It flows into the Unzhensky Cove of the Gorky Reservoir. The Unzha freezes up between October and December and stays under the ice until April or May. The main tributaries are the Viga (river), Viga, Neya (river), Neya, and the Mezha (Unzha), Mezha. The towns of Kologriv, Manturovo and Makaryev are along the Unzha River. References Rivers of Vologda Oblast Rivers of Kostroma Oblast {{Russia-river-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorky Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (russian: link=no, Нижегородская область, ''Nizhegorodskaya oblast''), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,310,597 as of the 2010 Census. From 1932 to 1990 it was known as Gorky Oblast. The oblast is crossed by the Volga River. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including Dzerzhinsk, Bor and Kstovo) the biggest city is Arzamas. Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery, one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov. The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna, located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod. Geography The oblast covers an area of , which is approximately equal to the entire area of the Benelux countries or Czech Republic. Agricul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logging
Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport. It may include skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks or skeleton cars. Logging is the beginning of a supply chain that provides raw material for many products societies worldwide use for housing, construction, energy, and consumer paper products. Logging systems are also used to manage forests, reduce the risk of wildfires, and restore ecosystem functions, though their efficiency for these purposes has been challenged. In forestry, the term logging is sometimes used narrowly to describe the logistics of moving wood from the stump to somewhere outside the forest, usually a sawmill or a lumber yard. In common usage, however, the term may cover a range of forestry or silviculture activities. Illegal logging refers to the harvesting, transportation, purchase, or sale of timber in violation of laws. The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wood Processing
Wood processing is an engineering discipline in the wood industry comprising the production of forest products, such as pulp and paper, construction materials, and tall oil. Paper engineering is a subfield of wood processing. The major wood product categories are: sawn timber, wood-based panels, wood chips, paper and paper products and miscellaneous others including poles and railway sleepers. Forest product processing technologies have undergone extraordinary advances in some of the above categories. Improvements have been achieved in recovery rates, durability and protection, greater utilization of NTFPs such as various grain stalks and bamboo, and the development of new products such as reconstituted wood-panels. Progress has not been homogenous in all the forest product utilization categories. Although there is little information available on the subjects of technology acquisition, adaptation and innovation for the forest-based industrial sector, it is clear that sawmillin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lagpunkt
A lagpunkt (russian: Отдельный лагерный пункт, лагерный пункт, лагпункт), literally "camp point", may be translated as "subcamp" or "camp site" was a separate settlement subordinated to a major Gulag forced labor camp. Lagpunkts were convenient to decrease the time and hassle of transport of inmates to remote job sites.Jacques Rossi, ''The Gulag Handbook'' At the same time this remoteness created difficulties for the delivery of food supplies, especially in winter. Anne Appelbaum in her '' Gulag: A History'' occasionally translates the term as "base camp", along with using the Russian term.Anne Appelbaum, '' Gulag: A History'' Other authors use the term "base camp" for the main location of the camp. Many camps, especially operating logging had big number of ''lagpunkts'' to man work in a particular areas. Some of them did not have a name, only number and housed about a 100 of inmates.Konstantin Bakharev ''Rossiyskaya Gazeta'', February ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Local Lore
Local history is the study of history in a geographically local context, often concentrating on a relatively small local community. It incorporates cultural and social aspects of history. Local history is not merely national history writ small but a study of past events in a given geographical area which is based on a wide variety of documentary evidence and placed in a comparative context that is both regional and national. Historic plaques are one form of documentation of significant occurrences in the past and oral histories are another. Local history is often documented by local historical societies or groups that form to preserve a local historic building or other historic site. Many works of local history are compiled by amateur historians working independently or archivists employed by various organizations. An important aspect of local history is the publication and cataloguing of documents preserved in local or national records which relate to particular areas. In a n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
