Unfinished Tales
''Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth'' is a collection of stories and essays by J. R. R. Tolkien that were never completed during his lifetime, but were edited by his son Christopher Tolkien and published in 1980. Many of the tales within are retold in ''The Silmarillion'', albeit in modified forms; the work also contains a summary of the events of ''The Lord of the Rings'' told from a less personal perspective. The collection received a cautious welcome from scholars and critics. They noted Christopher Tolkien's warning that a good knowledge of the background was needed to gain much from the stories. Others noted that the stories were among the best of Tolkien's writing; Warren Dunn expressed a wish for the whole of the history in such a format. The book, with its commentary, was commercially successful, indicating a market for more of Tolkien's work and leading to the 12-volume ''The History of Middle-earth''. On "The Quest of Erebor" in Part Three, Christine Bar ...
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Tolkien's Artwork
Tolkien's artwork was a key element of his creativity from the time when he began to write fiction. The philologist and author J. R. R. Tolkien prepared illustrations for his Middle-earth fantasy books, facsimile artefacts, Tolkien's maps, more or less "picturesque" maps, calligraphy, and sketches and paintings from life. Some of his artworks combined several of these elements to support his fiction. In his lifetime, some of his artworks were included in his novels ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings''; others were used on the covers of different editions of these books. Posthumously, collections of his artworks have been published, and academics have begun to evaluate him as an artist as well as an author. Influences Influences on Tolkien's artwork identified by scholars include Japonisme, Art Nouveau, Viking art, Viking design, and William Morris. Japonisme is seen in stylised features like Tolkien's mountains, waves, and Dragon (Middle-earth), dragons. Morris's book ...
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