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United States National Mine Health And Safety Academy
The United States National Mine Health and Safety Academy is a federal academy responsible for training the mine safety and health inspectors and technical support personnel of the Mine Safety and Health Administration. The Academy is located in Beckley, West Virginia, on an site near the Raleigh County Airport. The Academy complex consists of nine buildings: The Residence Hall, Administration Building, Classroom Building, Mine Machinery Laboratory Building, Publication Distribution Center, Gymnasium, Maintenance and Equipment Building, Mine Emergency Operations Building, Mine Rescue Station and Mine Simulation Laboratory. Students are exposed to a variety of different disciplines in nine different laboratories: roof control, ground control, mine emergencies and rescue, ventilation, electrical systems, machinery, industrial hygiene, computer systems and underground mine simulation. History In a five-year period from 1906-1911, 13,228 miners were killed in U.S. coal mine ...
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United States Federal Academies
There are nineteen federal academies run by the United States federal government. Five are United States service academies: * United States Military Academy, also known as "West Point" and "Army", founded 1802 * United States Naval Academy, also known as "Annapolis" and "Navy", founded 1845 * United States Air Force Academy, founded 1954 * United States Coast Guard Academy, founded 1876 * United States Merchant Marine Academy, also known as "Kings Point", founded 1942 Nine other academies can be loosely classified as a military academy, most of which are graduate schools: * Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, founded 1972 * The National Defense University, also known as "NDU", founded 1976 * Air Force Institute of Technology * Air War College * Marine Corps University * Naval Postgraduate School * Naval War College * United States Army Command and General Staff College * United States Army War College There are five federal non-military academies: * T ...
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Mine Safety And Health Administration
The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) () is a large agency of the United States Department of Labor which administers the provisions of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (Mine Act) to enforce compliance with mandatory safety and health standards as a means to eliminate fatal accidents, to reduce the frequency and severity of nonfatal accidents, to minimize health hazards, and to promote improved safety and health conditions in the nation's mines. MSHA carries out the mandates of the Mine Act at all mining and mineral processing operations in the United States, regardless of size, number of employees, commodity mined, or method of extraction. David Zatezalo was sworn in as Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health, and head of MSHA, on November 30, 2017. He served until January 20, 2021. Jeannette Galanais served as Acting Assistant Secretary by President Joe Biden on February 1, 2021 until Christopher Williamson took office on April 11, 2022. ...
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Beckley, West Virginia
Beckley is a city in and the county seat of Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. It was founded on April 4, 1838. This city is the home of the West Virginia University Institute of Technology or West Virginia University, Beckley Campus. History The area surrounding Beckley was long home to many indigenous peoples. Early encounters describe the land as being an ancestral home of the Catawba-speaking Moneton people, who referred to the surrounding area as Okahok Amai, and were allies of the Monacan people. The Moneton's Catawba speaking neighbors to the south, the Tutelo (since absorbed into the Seneca-Cayuga Nation) may have absorbed surviving Moneton communities, and claim the area as ancestral lands. Cherokee and Shawnee and Yuchi peoples also claim the area as included in their traditional lands. Waves of conflict and displacement connected to European settler-colonial conquest also resulted in varied communities finding home and refuge in southern West Virginia, bec ...
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Raleigh County Airport
Raleigh County Memorial Airport is three miles east of Beckley, in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. It is owned by the Raleigh County Airport Authority. The airport is used for general aviation and sees one scheduled passenger airline, subsidized by the Essential Air Service program. Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 3,630 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 2,626 in 2009 and 2,429 in 2010. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a ''non-primary commercial service'' airport based on enplanements in 2008 (between 2,500 and 10,000) but would categorize it as ''general aviation'' based in enplanements in 2010 (under 2,500). The airport opened in 1950–52 with a 4200-foot east–west runway; the first airline flights were Piedmont DC-3s in 1952. (The last Piedmont YS-11 left in 1981.) The runway was extended to 5000 ft in the 1950s, and 6750-ft runway 1 was added b ...
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Michael George Zabetakis
Michael George Zabetakis (7 July 1924 – 21 January 2005) was a fire safety engineering specialist. He received his PhD in chemistry from the University of Pittsburgh in 1956. In 1965 he published data for flammability limits, autoignition, and burning-rate data for more than 200 combustible gases and vapors in air and other oxidants, as well as of empirical rules and graphs that can be used to predict similar data for thousands of other combustibles under a variety of environmental conditions. The work remains one of the most widely cited sources of flammability data. Despite its age it was still in 1999 considered the standard reference.Drysdale 1999:75 Zabetakis often uses flammability diagram Flammability diagrams show the control of flammability in mixtures of fuel, oxygen and an inert gas, typically nitrogen. Mixtures of the three gasses are usually depicted in a triangular diagram, known as a ternary plot. Such diagrams are availab ...s to show flammable properties of ...
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Mining Law And Governance
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. The exploitation of these deposits for raw material is based on the economic viability of investing in the equipment, labor, and energy required to extract, refine and transport the materials found at the mine to manufacturers who can use the material. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water. Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction of the desired materials, an ...
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