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Ukrainian Insurgent Army
The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (, abbreviated UPA) was a Ukrainian nationalist partisan formation founded by the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) on 14 October 1942. The UPA launched guerrilla warfare against Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and both the Polish Underground State and Polish Communists. The UPA carried out massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, which are recognized by Poland as a genocide. The goal of the OUN was to establish an independent Ukrainian state. This goal, according to the OUN founding declaration, "was to be achieved by a national revolution led by a dictatorship" that would drive out occupying powers and then establish a "government representing all regions and social groups"; OUN accepted violence as a political tool against enemies of their cause.Myroslav Yurkevich, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian StudiesOrganization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Orhanizatsiia ukrainskykh natsionalistiv)''This article originally appeared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Ukrainian Insurgent Army
The flag of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (), also known as the red-and-black flag (), is a flag previously used by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) and the Banderite, Bandera wing of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), and now used by various Ukrainian nationalist organizations and parties, including Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence, UNA-UNSO, Right Sector, Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists and others. History The Ukrainian Sich Riflemen and the 1934 cover of Mykola Uhryn-Bezgrishny's book "''Knights of the Iron Fortress''" used said banner. The revolutionary wing of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, OUN, which was also called the OUN-B, or the Banderites, because it was headed by Stepan Bandera, sought to develop its own symbolism in order to differ from the OUN-M of Andriy Melnyk (Ukrainian military leader), Andriy Melnyk, which used the blue flag of the OUN and the coat of arms with a golden trident (''tryzub'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Ural Mountains, Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The highest peaks in the Carpathians are in the Tatra Mountains, exceeding , closely followed by those in the Southern Carpathians in Romania, exceeding . The range stretches from the Western Carpathians in Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland, clockwise through the Eastern Carpathians in Ukraine and Romania, to the Southern Carpathians in Romania and Serbia.About the Carpathians – Carpathian Heritage Society [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Leszczawa Górna
The Battle of Leszczawa Górna took place between the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) and Soviet NKVD. Considered to be the largest battle between UPA and Soviet forces in Poland on 24 October 1944. Prelude On 20 October, Stepan Stebelsky's 500-strong sotnia took up positions in Leszczawa Górna. The battle was going to take place on 24 October. According to other sources, the battle took place on 28 October. Battle At around 7 AM, 300-strong NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (, ), abbreviated as NKVD (; ), was the interior ministry and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) se ... detachment with armoured support was dispatched to counter UPA fighters in Leszczawa Górna. Insurgents used buildings, trees, along with other surroundings as fortifications and firing positions. NKVD launched 2 assaults on insurgent positions, both of which ended in failure. Sovi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Gurby
The Battle of Gurby ( Ukr. ''Бій під Гурбами'') – according to the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the largest battle that took place 21–25 April 1944 near the village of Gurby ( Ukr. ''Гурби'') in the south of Zdolbuniv Raion, between the USSR NKVD troops and UPA forces. It ended with breakthrough of Ukrainian fighters from the encirclement. The number of military and civilian casualties is not precisely known. The battle took place during the transition of UPA units across the Soviet-German front. The defeated German troops were no longer a threat to the UPA units, so the NKVD departments were the greatest danger to the Ukrainian insurgents. Background Soviet successes in Belarus and Ukraine in 1944 led to a rapid German retreat. But along with the German retreat, the Red Army was moving westwards. It was at this time that the Ukrainian insurgent movement reached its peak – in 1943–1944 the UPA had 30 to 100 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Soviet Resistance By The Ukrainian Insurgent Army
The anti-Soviet resistance by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (''Ukrainska Povstanska Armiya'', UPA) was a guerrilla war waged by Ukrainian nationalist partisan formations against the Soviet Union in the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR and southwestern regions of the Byelorussian SSR, during and after World War II. With the Red Army forces successful counteroffensive against the Nazi Germany and their invasion into western Ukraine in July 1944, UPA resisted the Red Army's advancement with full-scale guerrilla war, holding up 200,000 Soviet soldiers, particularly in the countryside, and was supplying intelligence to the Nazi Sicherheitsdienst (SD) security service. One major UPA victory against the Soviet Union was the killing of a high ranking Soviet General Nikolai Vatutin. According to Soviet documents during the conflict, a total of 153,000 people were killed, 134,000 arrested, and 203,000 deported by the Soviet authorities, mostly in the years 1944–1945. At the same ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Radovychi
The Battle of Radovychi ( Ukrainian: ''Битва під Радовичами,'' , 7–9 September 1943) was one the largest battles between Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) and German forces during World War II. It took place near the village of in Volyn Oblast, Ukraine. Around 1,000 Ukrainian partisans defeated 1,570 Germans. Background In the village of Zasmyki there was a large Polish self-defence base, where the population who survived the UPA massacres against Poles, carried out mainly in July and August 1943, took shelter. UPA partisans from the "" group intended to destroy this Polish resistance point. To this end, they first carried out a purge of Poles in the village of Radovychi (Radowicze) on 5 September 1943, located a few kilometres south-west of Zasmyki. Battle However, while preparing the attack on 7 September, the UPA encountered German soldiers, who were taken by surprise and suffered a severe defeat, losing five dead and eleven captives. The next day, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First UPA Attack On Mizocz
{{Infobox military conflict , conflict = First UPA attack on Mizocz , image = , place = Mizocz , date = August 24/25 or August 31/September 1, 1943 , result = Axis victory *Beginning of the attacks on the Mizocz *80% destruction of Mizocz , territory = Withdrawal of UPA forces , combatant1 = {{flagcountry, Nazi Germany {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Hungary (1920-1946) , combatant2 = {{flagicon image, Flag of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.svg Ukrainian Insurgent Army , commander1 = Unknown or lack of a unified commander , commander2 = {{flagicon image, Flag of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.svg Petro Olijnyk , strength1 = Incomplete company of the Hungarian army, Schutzmannschaft (about 40 policemen), armed Poles , strength2 = Sotnias dubienskiy and krzemienieckiy kurienskiy , casualties1 = Unknown , casualties2 = Unknown , partof = Polish-Ukra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Volodymyrets
The Attack on Volodymyrets or Battle of Volodymyrets was the first organised action of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army against the German forces, the attack itself was organized by Hryhoriy Perehiniak's sotnia A sotnia ( Ukrainian and , ) was a military unit and administrative division in some Slavic countries. Sotnia, deriving back to 1248, has been used in a variety of contexts in both Ukraine and Russia to this day. It is a helpful word to create .... The attack took place on the night of February 7–8, 1943. Prelude On January 20, 1943, UPA killed four German policemen in their attack near Gorodets settlement. German authorities responded with arrest of OUN leader "Dibrova" of the Sarny region. "Dibrova" was held in Volodymyrets where Hryhoriy Perehiniak's unit intended to organise an attack to release him. The German garrison consisted of 30 Germans, 70 Russian Cossacks and 80 Uzbeks. Attack Due to high risk of exposure and relatively large garrison, insurgents i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Strygany
The Battle of Strygany took place during the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) attack on Soviet partisans and subsequent arrival of NKVD reinforcements, on 12-13 May 1944. Prelude During the second half of 1943–1944, UPA carried out propaganda in Central Ukraine, in attempts to create OUN cells there and spread influence. The UPA sotnia of was tasked with breaking through to Kholodny Yar in order to assist local insurgents there. The UPA sotnia entered Slavuta Raion, where they were informed by locals about presence of the Soviet partisans of , numbering 300 partisans. Estimates of UPA strength vary at 200–320. Battle On May 12, the Soviet partisans were informed of UPA movement by their outpost, which allowed them to react on time. The UPA insurgents and Soviet partisans clashed for half an hour, but the arrival of NKVD reinforcements forced UPA sotnia to retreat into the forest near Bryduryn. According to Odukha, UPA lost 70 troops in this clash. On May 13, the Sovie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
