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UK Rebate
The UK rebate (or UK correction) was a financial mechanism that reduced the United Kingdom's contribution to the EU budget in effect since 1985. It was a complex calculation which equated to a reduction of approximately 66% of the UK's net contribution – the amount paid by the UK into the EU budget less receipts from the EU budget. Based on a net contribution of €11.7 (£9.6) billion in 2016, the UK Treasury estimated the 2017 rebate amounted to €6.6 (£5.6) billion reducing the ultimate UK contribution for the 2017 budget to €10.4 (£8.9) billion. Although the rebate was not set in the EU treaties, it was negotiated as part of the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) every seven years and had to be unanimously agreed. History In April 1970 the six founding member states of the then European Communities (EC) adopted the so-called "own resources system" as the means of funding the EC budget. Under this system, revenues were to flow automatically to the EC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Budget Of The European Union
The budget of the European Union ( The Union’s annual budget) is used to finance EU funding programmes (such as the European Regional Development Fund, the Cohesion Fund, Horizon Europe, or Erasmus+) and other expenditure at the European level. The EU budget is primarily an investment budget. Representing around 2% of all EU public spending, it aims to complement national budgets. Its purpose is to implement the priorities that all EU members have agreed upon. It provides European added-value by supporting actions which, in line with the principle of subsidiarity and proportionality, can be more effective than actions taken at national, regional or local level. The EU had a long-term budget of €1,082.5 billion for the period 2014–2020, representing 1.02% of the EU-28's Gross National Income (GNI) and of €1,074.3 billion for the 2021–2027 period. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1984 In The United Kingdom
Events from the year 1984 in the United Kingdom. The year was dominated by the 1984–1985 United Kingdom miners' strike, miners' strike. Incumbents * Monarch of the United Kingdom, Monarch – Elizabeth II * Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister – Margaret Thatcher (Conservative Party (UK), Conservative) Events January * January – General Motors ends production of the Vauxhall Chevette after nine years. * 1 January – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * 3 January – The FTSE 100 Index starts. * 6 January – The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders announces that a record of nearly 1.8 million cars were sold in Britain last year. The best-selling car for the second year running was the Ford Escort (Europe), Ford Escort with more than 174,000 sales. * 9 January – Sarah Tisdall, a 23-year-old Foreign Office clerk, is charged under the Official Secrets Act. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Policy In The United Kingdom
In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlichkeit'' or public sphere. The concept of a public has also been defined in political science, psychology, marketing, and advertising. In public relations and communication science, it is one of the more ambiguous concepts in the field. Although it has definitions in the theory of the field that have been formulated from the early 20th century onwards, and suffered more recent years from being blurred, as a result of conflation of the idea of a public with the notions of audience, market segment, community, constituency, and stakeholder. Etymology and definitions The name "public" originates with the Latin '' publicus'' (also '' poplicus''), from ''populus'', to the English word ' populace', and in general denotes some mass population ("the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom And The European Union
The United Kingdom (along with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar) was a member state of the European Union (EU) and of its predecessor the European Communities (EC) – principally the European Economic Community (EEC) – from 1 January 1973 until 31 January 2020. Since the foundation of the EEC, the UK had been an important neighbour and then a leading member state, until Brexit ended 47 years of membership. During the UK's time as a member state two referendums were held on the issue of its membership: the first, held on 5 June 1975, resulting in a vote to stay in the EC, and the second, held on 23 June 2016, resulting in a vote to leave the EU. History EU roots and British accession (1957–1973) Ten West European nations (not including West Germany) created the Council of Europe in 1949, the first step towards political co-operation between them, but some countries wanted to go further. The 1951 Treaty of Paris created the European Coal and Steel Community (EC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brexit Divorce Bill
The term "Brexit divorce bill" refers to payment due to the European Union (EU) from the United Kingdom (UK) when it left the EU (a process commonly referred to as Brexit) to settle the UK's share of the financing of all the obligations undertaken while it was a member of the EU. In the Withdrawal Agreement, it is officially referred to as the " financial settlement". , HM Treasury's estimate of the financial settlement when the UK left the EU on 31 January 2020 was £30.2 billion (€34.8 billion). From 31 January to 31 December 2020, the UK was in a transition period, and continued to contribute to the EU as if it were a member until the end of the transition period, reducing the amount of the financial settlement. From December 2020, the payments accrue twice a year. By 31 December 2023, the UK had paid a net amount of £23.8 billion, leaving an estimated £6.4 billion outstanding. A further £2.4 billion was due to have been paid by May 2024 with the remaining £4.0 billion b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of The United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has a highly developed social market economy. From 2017 to 2025 it has been the sixth-largest national economy in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), tenth-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP), and about 18th by nominal GDP per capita, constituting 2.4% of world GDP and 2.2% by purchasing power parity (PPP). The United Kingdom has one of the most globalised economies and comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. In 2022, the United Kingdom was the fifth-largest exporter of goods and services in the world and the fourth-largest importer. It also had the fourth-largest outward foreign direct investment, and the fifteenth-largest inward foreign direct investment. In 2022, the United Kingdom's trade with the European Union accounted for 42% of the country's exports and 48% of its total imports. The United Kingdom has a highly efficient and strong social security system, which comprises roughly 24.5% of GDP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of The European Union
The economy of the European Union is the joint economy of the member states of the European Union (EU). It is the second largest economy in the world in nominal terms, after the United States, and the third largest at purchasing power parity (PPP), after China and the US. The European Union's GDP is estimated to be $19.99 trillion (nominal) in 2025 or $29.18 trillion (PPP), representing around one-sixth of the global economy. Germany, France and Italy are the three largest economies in the European Union, accounting for approximately 52.6% of the EU's total GDP. Germany contributes 24.3%, while France accounts for 16.2% and Italy for 12.1%. In 2023, the social welfare expenditure of the European Union (EU) as a whole was 26.8% of its GDP. The EU has total banking assets of more than $38 trillion, France accounts for 26% ($10 trillion) of Europe's total banking assets followed by Germany with 18% ($7 trillion) and Italy with 8% ($3 trillion). Global assets under managemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frugal Four
The Frugal Four was the nickname of an informal cooperation among like-minded fiscally conservative European countries, including Austria, Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden. It partly evolved as a successor of the New Hanseatic League that was set up to make up for the loss of the like-minded United Kingdom in the European political arena after Brexit. However, it was never founded as a transnational organisation like similar cooperations of countries in the European Union with shared interests. Along with like-minded Germany, the ''Frugal Four'' advocated for EU budget rebates and tight fiscal policies in the eurozone governed by the Stability and Growth Pact, and generally advocated against a large distributive European budget and collective EU debt. They were, however, not Eurosceptic. The ''Frugal Four'' experienced widespread media coverage throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. On 3 June 2025, the alliance was disbanded with the departure of Denmark from the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Günther Oettinger
Günther Hermann Oettinger (born 15 October 1953) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as European Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources from 2017 to 2019, as European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society from 2014 to 2016 and as European Commissioner for Energy from 2010 to 2014. He is affiliated with the liberal-conservative European People's Party (EPP). He served as Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg between 2005 and 2010 and as chairman of the CDU Baden-Württemberg from 2005 until 2010. Since 2021, Oettinger has served as president of the German private university EBS Universität für Wirtschaft und Recht in Wiesbaden. Early life and education Oettinger was born to Hermann Oettinger in Stuttgart, who owned a tax accounting and enterprise consulting business. He grew up in Ditzingen, and attended school at Gymnasium Korntal-Münchingen. He studied law and Economics at the University of Tübingen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Commissioner For Budget And Human Resources
The European Commissioner for Budget and Administration is the member of the European Commission who is responsible for negotiating and managing the EU budget. The current commissioner is Piotr Serafin. The portfolio is primarily responsible for the management of the budget of the European Union and related financial issues except for ''budgetary discharge'' which falls under the Admin Commissioner. The Commissioners Janusz Lewandowski was the European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget as part of the Barroso Commission II. His predecessor was Algirdas Šemeta, who in turn succeeded fellow Lithuanian Dalia Grybauskaitė. The European Parliament approved a ''Commissioner for Financial Programming & the Budget'' for the first time in 2004, a position expanded since the Prodi Commission to include ''Financial Programming''. The Commissioner's 121.6 billion euro 2008 budget proposed that for the first time, the budget towards sustainable growth (€57. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Referendum On The European Constitution
French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), a 2008 film * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a type of military jacket or tunic * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French (catheter scale), a unit of measurement * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * French Revolution (other) * French River (other), several rivers and other places * Frenching (other) * Justice French (other) Justice French may refer to: * C. G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
