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Typhochlaena
''Typhochlaena'' is a genus of small-bodied tarantulas with an arboreal trapdoor lifestyle. All the species except for ''T. seladonia'' were first described by Rogério Bertani in 2012. Characteristics ''Typhochlaena'' differs from all other aviculariine species by having a domed, short distal segment on the posterior lateral spinneret; the sternum is as long as wide, truncated behind; they are also quite small, with type II urticating hairs.Bertani, R. (2012). Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae). ZooKeys 230: 1-94. Retrieved February 2, 2016 Species , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species: *'' Typhochlaena amma'' Bertani, 2012 – Brazil *'' Typhochlaena costae'' Bertani, 2012 – Brazil *'' Typhochlaena curumim'' Bertani, 2012 – Brazil *'' Typhochlaena paschoali'' Bertani, 2012 – Brazil *''Typhochlaena selad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhochlaena Seladonia
''Typhochlaena seladonia'' is a species of aviculariine tarantula, and is the type species of the genus ''Typhochlaena''. It is unique as an arboreal spider that constructs trapdoors in the bark of trees. The common name is the Brazilian jewel tarantula. Taxonomy ''T. seladonia'' was originally described by Carl Ludwig Koch, in Brazil in 1841, as ''Mygale seladonia''. In 1850 he changed its name to ''Typhochlaena seladonia''; then Eugène Simon changed it again to ''Avicularia seladonia''. In 1928, Candido Mello-Leitão changed the species name back to ''Typhochlaena seladonia'', but Andrew Smith (in 1993) changed it to ''Iridopelma seladonia'', and then Lina Almeida-Silva changed it to ''Iridopelma seladonium''. Rogèrio Bertani finally changed the name back to ''Typhochlaena seladonia'' in 2012. Characteristics The female ''Typhochlaena seladonia'' has long, thin spermathecae, which are spiralled distally. The male has a very long embolus. Additionally, both genders have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhochlaena Costae
''Typhochlaena costae'' is a species of tarantula in the family Theraphosidae, subfamily Aviculariinae. It is native to Palmas, Tocantins state, Brazil. The species shows an arboreal trapdoor lifestyle.Andre C. & Hüsser M. 2018. About trapdoors and bridges - New insights in the little-known ecology and lifestyle of the genus Typhochlaena C.L. Koch, 1850. British Tarantula Society Journal 32(3): 3-29. Taxonomy ''Typhochlaena costae'' was first described by Rogério Bertani in 2012. The specific name honors Miriam Costa, who collected the holotype and several other spider taxa during her several years at Instituto Butantan. Characteristics ''Typhochlaena costae'' is known from males and females. The male has a thinner and shorter embolus than other ''Typhochlaena'' species. The female has non-spiraled spermathecae, which diverge in the basal sections and are quite long. In both genders the abdomen is black, with three red spots laterally. The chelicerae and the very most an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhochlaena Curumim
''Typhochlaena curumim'' is a species of tarantula, that is native to Mata do Pau-Ferro, Areia, in the state of Paraiba, Brazil. It is a member of the subfamily Aviculariinae. Etymology The specific name is derived from the Brazilian indigenous Tupi language, meaning "child". It refers to the local children that found the type specimens high in a tree in Areia, State of Paraíba, Brazil, during an arachnological expedition. Characteristics ''Typhochlaena curumim'' is only known from the female. It has a brown cephalothorax and legs, but the abdomen is metallic yellowish-green with a black dorsum with five black stripes extending laterally. It is characterized by the spermatheca The spermatheca (pronounced plural: spermathecae ), also called receptaculum seminis (plural: receptacula seminis), is an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, e.g. ants, bees, some molluscs, oligochaeta worms and certain other ..., which is wide at the basal region but thins t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhochlaena Paschoali
''Typhochlaena paschoali'' is a species of tarantula (family Theraphosidae), in the subfamily Aviculariinae. It is native to Brazil. Taxonomy The species was first described in 2012 by Rogério Bertani. The specific name honours Elbano Paschoal de Figueiredo Moraes, a Brazilian environmentalist who died early in April 2011. He was one of the founders of the non-governmental organization Grupo Ambientalista da Bahia (GAMBÁ), and was well known for his efforts in preserving the remnants of the Brazilian Atlantic forest in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Description ''Typhochlaena paschoali'' is characterized mainly by its short, wide, straight, and multi-lobular spermatheca The spermatheca (pronounced plural: spermathecae ), also called receptaculum seminis (plural: receptacula seminis), is an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, e.g. ants, bees, some molluscs, oligochaeta worms and certain other ...e. It also has a brown cephalothorax and black abdomen wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhochlaena Amma
''Typhoclaena amma'' is a species of the Aviculariinae, a subfamily of the Theraphosidae. The specific name refers to the project AMMA – arachnids and myriapods from Brazilian Atlantic rainforest carried out by the arachnologists from Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, who collected the types. Characteristics The male is characterized by a medium length embolus, which is quite wide. The male also has a black carapace ventrally, which is pale dorsally. The female is distinguished from other species by strongly curved spermatheca The spermatheca (pronounced plural: spermathecae ), also called receptaculum seminis (plural: receptacula seminis), is an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, e.g. ants, bees, some molluscs, oligochaeta worms and certain other ...e, diverging at their basal portion. She is also more colourful than the male, being a dark, metallic blue with a black abdomen ventrally and pink dorsally. The borders between the two colours are zig-zagged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aviculariinae
The Aviculariinae are a subfamily of spiders in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas). They can be distinguished from other theraphosids by a number of characters. Their legs have no or few spines on the underside (ventral surface) of the tibial and metatarsal joints of the legs. The last two leg joints (the metatarsi and tarsi) have brushes of hairs (scopulae) that extend sideways, particularly on the front legs, giving them a spoon-like (spatulate) appearance. Females have two completely separated spermathecae. Taxonomy The earliest classification of the mygalomorph spiders to include sufficient genera to be reasonably comprehensive was that of Eugène Simon in 1892. He recognized only two mygalomorph families; his Avicularidae taxon includes at least 12 modern families. The earliest equivalent to the modern subfamily Aviculariinae is considered to be Simon's 1889 tribe Aviculariae, which included three genera: ''Avicularia'', '' Tapinauchenius'' and ''Scodra'' (now '' Stromato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarantula
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas". Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes. Overview Like all arthropods, the tarantula is an invertebrate that relies on an exoskeleton for muscular support.Pomeroy, R. (2014, February 4). Pub. Real Clear Science, "Spiders, and Their Amazing Hydraulic Legs and Genitalia". Retrieved October 13, 2019, from https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2013/02/spiders-their-amazing-hydraulic-legs-and-genitals.html. Like other Arachnida, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theraphosidae
Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas". Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes. Overview Like all arthropods, the tarantula is an invertebrate that relies on an exoskeleton for muscular support.Pomeroy, R. (2014, February 4). Pub. Real Clear Science, "Spiders, and Their Amazing Hydraulic Legs and Genitalia". Retrieved October 13, 2019, from https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2013/02/spiders-their-amazing-hydraulic-legs-and-genitals.html. Like other Arachnida, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rogério Bertani
Rogério Bertani is a Brazilian arachnologist, active at the Butantan Institute. He is credited as one of the foremost specialists in Theraphosidae Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although m ... in the world. He has described several species. References 21st-century Brazilian zoologists Brazilian arachnologists Living people Year of birth missing (living people) {{Brazil-scientist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinneret (spider)
A spinneret is a silk-spinning organ of a spider or the larva of an insect. Some adult insects also have spinnerets, such as those borne on the forelegs of Embioptera. Spinnerets are usually on the underside of a spider's opisthosoma, and are typically segmented. While most spiders have six spinnerets, some have two, four, or eight. They can move both independently and in concert. Most spinnerets are not simple structures with a single orifice producing a single thread, but complex structures of many microscopic spigots, each producing one filament. This produces the necessary orientation of the protein molecules, without which the silk would be weak and useless. Spigots can be singular or found in groups, which also permits spiders to combine multiple filaments in different ways to produce many kinds of silk for various purposes. Spinneret morphology can help arachnologists identify the taxon of a specimen and the specific morphology of a spigot can determine its use as well ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sternum (arthropod Anatomy)
The sternum (pl. "sterna") is the ventral portion of a segment of an arthropod thorax or abdomen. In insects, the sterna are usually single, large sclerites, and external. However, they can sometimes be divided in two or more, in which case the subunits are called sternites, and may also be modified on the terminal abdominal segments so as to form part of the functional genitalia, in which case they are frequently reduced in size and development, and may become internalized and/or membranous. For a detailed explanation of the terminology, see Kinorhynchs have tergal and sternal plates too, though seemingly not homologous with those of arthropods.Sørensen, M. V. et al. Phylogeny of Kinorhyncha based on morphology and two molecular loci. PLoS One 10, 1–33 (2015). Ventrites are externally visible sternites. Usually the first sternite is covered up, so that vertrite numbers do not correspond to sternid numbers. The term is also used in other arthropod groups such as crustaceans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urticating Hair
Urticating hairs or urticating bristles are one of the primary defense mechanisms used by numerous plants, almost all New World tarantulas, and various lepidopteran caterpillars. ''Urtica'' is Latin for "nettle" (stinging nettles are in the genus ''Urtica''), and bristles that urticate are characteristic of this type of plant, and many other plants in several families. This term also refers to certain types of barbed bristles that cover the dorsal and posterior surface of a tarantula's or caterpillar's abdomen. Many tarantula species eject bristles from their abdomens, directing them toward potential attackers. These bristles can embed themselves in the other animal's skin or eyes, causing physical irritation, usually to great discomfort. The term urticating hairs is a misnomer, as technically only mammals possess true hairs. In plants The most common form of urticating hairs in plants are typified by nettles, which possess sharp-pointed hollow bristles seated on a gland that s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
