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Turning The Other Cheek
Turning the other cheek is a phrase in Christian doctrine from the Sermon on the Mount that refers to responding to insult without retort and allowing more insult. This passage is variously interpreted as accepting one's predicament, commanding nonresistance or advocating Christian pacifism. Scriptural references The phrase originates from the Sermon on the Mount in the New Testament. In the Gospel of Matthew chapter 5, an alternative for " an eye for an eye" is given by Jesus: In the Sermon on the Plain – This is a different location than the sermon on the mount of Matthew. in the Gospel of Luke chapter 6, as part of his command to " love your enemies", Jesus says: Interpretations This phrase, as with much of the Sermon on the Mount, has been subject to both literal and figurative interpretations. Christian anarchist interpretation According to this interpretation the passages call for total nonresistance to the point of ''facilitating'' aggression against oneself, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Wink
Walter Wink (May 21, 1935 – May 10, 2012) was an American biblical scholar, theologian, and activist who was an important figure in Progressive Christianity. Wink spent much of his career teaching at Auburn Theological Seminary in New York City. He was well known for his advocacy of and work related to nonviolent resistance and his seminal works on "The Powers", ''Naming the Powers'' (1984), ''Unmasking the Powers'' (1986), ''Engaging the Powers'' (1992), ''When the Powers Fall'' (1998), and ''The Powers that Be'' (1999), all of them commentaries on the Apostle Paul's ethic of spiritual warfare described here: Breaking with christian hermeneutic tradition of christian demonology, he interprets Paul's hierarchy of "rulers" to refer to imperial powers, with corresponding and political theologies and ideologies of state violence. Giving examples from ancient Babylon through the popular media of today, these are supported by, in a phrase he coined "the myth of redemptive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Nonviolence
Christian pacifism is the theological and ethical position according to which pacifism and non-violence have both a scriptural and rational basis for Christians, and affirms that any form of violence is incompatible with the Christian faith. Christian pacifists state that Jesus himself was a pacifist who taught and practiced pacifism and that his followers must do likewise. Notable Christian pacifists include Martin Luther King Jr., Leo Tolstoy, Adin Ballou and Ammon Hennacy. Ballou and Hennacy believed that adherence to Christianity required not just pacifism but, because governments inevitably threatened or used force to resolve conflicts, anarchism. However, most Christian pacifists, including the peace churches, Christian Peacemaker Teams, and individuals such as John Howard Yoder, make no claim to be anarchists. History Old Testament Roots of Christian pacifism can be found in the scriptures of the Old Testament according to Baylor University professor of religion, John ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doctrines And Teachings Of Jesus
Doctrine (from la, doctrina, meaning "teaching, instruction") is a codification of beliefs or a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or in a belief system. The etymological Greek analogue is "catechism". Often the word ''doctrine'' specifically suggests a body of religious principles as promulgated by a church. ''Doctrine'' may also refer to a principle of law, in the common-law traditions, established through a history of past decisions. Religious usage Examples of religious doctrines include: * Christian theology: ** Doctrines such as the Trinity, the virgin birth and atonement ** The Salvation Army ''Handbook of Doctrine'' **Transubstantiation and Marian teachings in Roman Catholic theology. The department of the Roman Curia which deals with questions of doctrine is called the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. ** The distinctive Calvinist doctrine of "double" predestina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jim Douglass
James W. "Jim" Douglass (born 1937) is an American author, activist, and Christian theologian. He is a graduate of Santa Clara University. He and his wife, Shelley Douglass, founded the Ground Zero Center for Nonviolent Action in Poulsbo, Washington, and Mary’s House, a Catholic Worker house in Birmingham, Alabama. In 1997 the Douglasses received the Pacem in Terris Award. Theology of nonviolence Douglass is an author on nonviolence and Catholic theology, with many books and essays to his credit. Four of his monographs, published from 1968 to 1991, were reprinted in 2006 by theology publisher Wipf & Stock. Douglass's 2008 book, ''JFK and the Unspeakable'', discusses the John F. Kennedy assassination as a conspiracy ordered by unknown parties and carried out by the CIA with help from the Mafia and elements in the FBI to put an end to Kennedy's effort to end the Cold War after the Cuban Missile Crisis. '' JFK and the Unspeakable'' was first published by Orbis Books in M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Just War Theory
The just war theory ( la, bellum iustum) is a doctrine, also referred to as a tradition, of military ethics which is studied by military leaders, theologians, ethicists and policy makers. The purpose of the doctrine is to ensure that a war is morally justifiable through a series of criteria, all of which must be met for a war to be considered just. The criteria are split into two groups: ("right to go to war") and ("right conduct in war"). The first group of criteria concerns the morality of going to war, and the second group of criteria concerns the moral conduct within war. There have been calls for the inclusion of a third category of just war theory ('' jus post bellum'') dealing with the morality of post-war settlement and reconstruction. The just war theory postulates the belief that war, while it is terrible but less so with the right conduct, is not always the worst option. Important responsibilities, undesirable outcomes, or preventable atrocities may justify war. Op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of Attraction (New Thought)
The law of attraction is the New Thought spiritual belief that positive or negative thoughts bring positive or negative experiences into a person's life.Whittaker, SSecret attraction, ''The Montreal Gazette'', 12 May 2007. The belief is based on the idea that people and their thoughts are made from " pure energy" and that like energy can attract like energy, thereby allowing people to improve their health, wealth, or personal relationships. There is no empirical scientific evidence supporting the law of attraction, and it is widely considered to be pseudoscience. Advocates generally combine cognitive reframing techniques with affirmations and creative visualization to replace limiting or self-destructive ("negative") thoughts with more empowered, adaptive ("positive") thoughts. A key component of the philosophy is the idea that in order to effectively change one's negative thinking patterns, one must also "feel" (through creative visualization) that the desired changes have alr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Violence Begets Violence
Violence Begets Violence is the seventh studio album by underground Philadelphia hip hop duo Jedi Mind Tricks. This is their only album to not feature production from Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind because "his heart wasn't into making JMT records anymore" as well as the fact that both Vinnie Paz and Jus Allah grew tired of waiting. Two singles were released, "Target Practice" and "When Crows Descend Upon You," for which a video has been made. In addition, Shuko remixed the song "Target Practice". Reception This album received mixed and often polarized reviews. XXL Magazine gave the album an L, saying that despite Stoupe's absence on the production, "not even the occasional curve ball (like the reggae-inflected “Chalice”) can harness Paz’s Mephistophelean fervor." HipHopDX noted in a 3/5 review that "the rage filled rants can become monotonous as the album wears on, but some longtime fans will be satisfied with the angst-fueled vocals." Other critics were not so kind. Matth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolstoyan
The Tolstoyan movement is a social movement based on the philosophical and religious views of Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910). Tolstoy's views were formed by rigorous study of the ministry of Jesus, particularly the Sermon on the Mount. Tolstoy expressed "great joy" that groups of people "have been springing up, not only in Russia but in various parts of Europe, who are in complete agreement with our views." However, the author also thought it was a mistake to create a specific movement or doctrine after him, urging individuals to listen to their own conscience rather than blindly follow his. In regard to a letter he received from an adherent, he wrote: Beliefs and practices Tolstoyans (Russian:''Толстовцы'', ''Tolstovtsy'') identify themselves as Christians, but do not generally belong to an institutional Church. Tolstoy was a harsh critic of the Russian Orthodox Church, leading to his excommunication in 1901. Tolstoyans tend to focus more on following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matthew 10
Matthew 10 is the tenth chapter in the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament section of the Christian Bible. This chapter opens with Jesus calling some of his disciples and sending them out to preach and heal. This section is also known as the Mission Discourse or the Little Commission, in contrast to the Great Commission at the end of the gospel ( Matthew 28:18– 20). The Little Commission is directed specifically to the "lost sheep of the house of Israel", while the Great Commission is directed to all nations. The ''Pulpit Commentary'' suggests that Jesus' message in this discourse "was hardly likely to have been remembered outside Jewish Christian circles". Matthew names the twelve apostles, or "twelve disciples", in verses 2 to 4 and gives them careful instruction as they travel around Israel. The remainder of the chapter consists almost entirely of sayings attributed to Jesus. Many of the sayings found in Matthew 10 are also found in Luke 10 and the Gospel of Thomas, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Live By The Sword, Die By The Sword
"Live by the sword, die by the sword" is a proverb in the form of a parallel phrase, derived from the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 26, ): "Then said Jesus unto him, Put up again thy sword into his place: for all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword." Original Biblical quotation The phrase comes from Matthew , in which one of Jesus's disciples is described as having struck the servant of the High Priest of Israel and cut off his ear. Jesus is described as having rebuked him, saying: The saying "all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword" is only found in the Gospel of Matthew and not in any of the other gospels. The Latin version refers to the weapon as a ''gladius'', while the Greek version refers to it as a ''makhaira''. Interpretations According to St. John Chrysostom, when Jesus rebuked the unnamed disciple, it was a lesson that "''The disciples might accept meekly whatever befell him when they had learned that this also is occurring accordin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expounding Of The Law
Matthew 5 is the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. It contains the first portion of the Sermon on the Mount, the other portions of which are contained in chapters 6 and 7. Portions are similar to the Sermon on the Plain in Luke 6, but much of the material is found only in Matthew. It is one of the most discussed and analyzed chapters of the New Testament. Warren Kissinger reports that among early Christians, no chapter was more often cited by early scholars. The same is true in modern scholarship. Text The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 48 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing text from this chapter are: * Papyrus 64 (Magdalen papyrus) () * Papyrus 86 (4th century; extant verses 13–16, 22–25) *Codex Vaticanus (4th century) *Codex Sinaiticus (4th century) *Codex Washingtonianus (4-5th century) *Codex Bezae (5th century) *Codex Alexandrinus (5th century) *Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (5t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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