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Tudeh
The Tudeh Party of Iran ( fa-at, حزب تودۀ ایران, Ḥezb-e Tūde-ye Īrān, lit=Party of the Masses of Iran) is an Iranian communist party. Formed in 1941, with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its head, it had considerable influence in its early years and played an important role during Mohammad Mosaddegh's campaign to nationalize the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and his term as prime minister. The crackdown that followed the 1953 coup against Mosaddegh is said to have "destroyed" the party,Abrahamian, Ervand, ''A History of Modern Iran'', p.122 although a remnant persisted. The party still exists but has remained much weaker as a result of its banning in Iran and mass arrests by the Islamic Republic in 1982, as well as the executions of political prisoners in 1988. Tudeh identified itself as the historical offshoot of the Communist Party of Persia. Ideological profile The party has generally been described as "communist" by historians (for example: "The Tudeh Party was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudeh Fraction
The Tudeh fraction ( fa, فراکسیون توده) was the parliamentary group of the Tudeh Party of Iran, Tudeh Party in the Iranian Parliament. The group was known for its robust Party discipline, discipline, and its ability to dominate debates in the parliament. During the 14th Iranian Majlis, the party formed a left-Centrism, center coalition with deputies (mostly from northern provinces) who sympathized with its policies, gaining a voting strength of about 30. Historical membership References Iranian Parliament fractions 1944 establishments in Iran Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran Tudeh Party of Iran MPs, * {{Iran-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Council Of United Trade Unions
The Central Council of United Trade Unions (abbreviated CCUTU, fa, شورای متحده مرکزی اتحادیه کارگران و زحمتکشان ایران, 'Central United Council of the Trade Unions of Workers and Toilers of Iran') was a trade union centre in Iran. History Founding CCUTU was founded through the merger of two hitherto antagonistic unions, the Central Council (the union aligned with the Tudeh Party) and the majority faction of the Central Board. The merger was declared on May 1, 1944. On May 8, 1944, a smaller union centre, the Union of Toilers of Iran, merged into CCUTU, followed by the affiliation of the Railway Workers' Association to CCUTU on June 20, 1944. At the time of its founding, CCUTU had sixty affiliated unions. Gradually, the Tudeh Party consolidated its influence over the organization. On July 6, 1944, a shared leadership was announced. Ebrahim Mahzari and Resa Ebrahimzadeh (a communist and former prisoner) were assigned co-chairmen of the CC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudeh Military Network
The Officers' Organization ( fa, سازمان افسران) or the Military Organization ( fa, سازمان نظامی) of the Tudeh Party, also known as Tudeh Military Network, was an intelligence gathering network that infiltrated the Iranian Armed Forces using clandestine cell system A clandestine cell system is a method for organizing a group of people (such as resistance fighters, sleeper agents, mobsters, or terrorists) such that such people can more effectively resist penetration by an opposing organization (such as l ... method. Bibliography * References External links * {{Iran-stub 1944 establishments in Iran Spy rings Rebel groups in Iran Cold War history of Iran Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran Soviet spies Iran–Soviet Union relations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Meeting Of Communist And Workers' Parties
The International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWP) is an annual conference attended by communist and workers' parties from several countries. It originated in 1998 when the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) invited communist and workers' parties to participate in an annual conference where parties could gather to share their experiences and issue a joint declaration. The most recent and 22nd meeting of the IMCWP was held in October 2022 in Havana and hosted by the Communist Party of Cuba. The meeting was attended by delegates from 51 parties. Organization The Working Group (WG) of International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWP) is composed of Communist Parties throughout the world. The task of the working group is to prepare and organize the International Meetings of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWPs). The meetings are held annually, with participants from all around the globe. Additionally, there are occasionally extraordinary meetings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rahbar (newspaper)
''Rahbar'' ( fa, رهبر, lit=Guide) was an Iranian Persian language daily newspaper, published from Tehran. It was the central organ of the communist Tudeh Party of Iran. The decision to launch ''Rahbar'' was taken at the First Party Conference held in October 1942, after that Abbas Iskandari, the editor of erstwhile central organ of the party ''Siasat'', had been expelled from the party. The paper was first published in February 1943. In the initial phase of ''Rahbar'' the Tudeh Party was not officially a communist party, and the editorial line of the newspaper was non-communist constitutionalism. During the years of the Second World War, ''Rahbar'' (and other Tudeh organs) focused on anti-fascist and pro-peace agitation. During this period it was financed by the Soviet Union. Iraj Eskandari served as the editor-in-chief of ''Rahbar''. As with the other two key publications of the party ('' Mardom'' and ''Razm'') it was edited by a member of the Tudeh parliamentary factio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudeh Youth Organization
Tudeh Youth Organization ( fa, سازمان جوانان توده, Sāzmān-e javānān-e Tuda) is the youth wing of the Tudeh Party of Iran that was founded in 1943. The organization is affiliated with World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY). It published ''Mardom Baraye Javanan'' () weekly and then ''Razm'' () daily newspapers. The organization was led by Reza Radmanesh, who was succeeded by Nader Sharmini from 1947 to 1952. Under the leadership of the latter, the organization proposed more radical slogans while siding with the moderate faction of the party and attacking the hardliner faction for being not enough revolutionary. In 1966, a split occurred in the organization when a group of members left the party because they considered themselves Maoist. They subsequently founded an organization named the Revolutionary Organization of the Tudeh Party. References {{Communism-stub Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran 1943 establishments in Iran Organiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Organization Of Iranian Women
The Democratic Organization of Iranian Women (DAW; fa, تشکیلات دموکراتیک زنان ایران) is women's wing of the Tudeh Party of Iran. Led by Maryam Firouz, it was founded in 1943 as the 'Organization of Iranian Women' (OIW) ( fa, تشکیلات زنان ایران, Tashkilat-i Zanan-i Iran) and joined Women's International Democratic Federation Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) is an international organization with the stated goal of working for women's rights. It was established in 1945 and was most active during the Cold War. It initially focussed on anti-fascism, worl ... in 1947. The organization "demanded radical transformations in the laws governing the rights of women in the family and at the workplace", according to Hammed Shahidian. They published a monthly magazine named ''Bidari-e Ma'' (), edited by Zahra Eskandari-Bayat. OIW was banned in 1949, along with Tudeh itself and other affiliates, but the party managed to revived it in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Front Of Progressive Parties
Coalition Front of Freedom-Seeking Parties or United Front of Progressive Parties ( fa, جبهه مؤتلف احزاب آزادیخواه, Jebha-ye Moʾtalef-e Ahzāb-e Āāzādī-ḵᵛāh) was a political alliance of left-wing parties in Iran from 1946 to 1948. Having originally been founded by the communist Tudeh Party and the socialist Iran Party, they invited other parties to join them in their alleged struggle for "social progress and national independence". One of the main planks of the united front was to recognize Central Council of United Trade Unions as the sole legitimate organization of the working-class in Iran. Member parties * Tudeh Party of Iran (founding member) * Iran Party (joined in June 1946, left in January 1947) * Socialist Party (founding member) * Jungle Party (joined on 29 October 1946) * Democratic Party of Kurdistan (joined on 29 October 1946) * Democratic Party of Azerbaijan (joined on 29 October 1946) References 1946 establishments in Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mardom (newspaper)
''Mardom'' ( fa, مردم, lit=People) was the official newspaper of the Tudeh Party of Iran. History and profile ''Mardom'' began circulation on 1 February 1942. It was started to contribute to the Tudeh party's achievement of political power. During World War II the paper was part of the campaign against the Axis powers. Staff During its early years, Reza Radmanesh and Khalil Maleki Khalil Maleki ( fa, خلیل ملکی; 1901–1969) was an Iranian socialist political figure and intellectual affiliated with the National Front. Political career and activities During the early 1940s, Maleki had been one of 53 left-wing intelle ... served as its editors. Mostafa Fateh also co-edited the newspaper for some time. References Publications of the Tudeh Party of Iran Persian-language newspapers Newspapers published in Tehran 1942 establishments in Iran Newspapers established in 1942 Publications disestablished in 1980 Defunct newspapers published in Iran {{Iran-newsp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Name-ye Mardom
''Name-ye Mardom'' ( fa, نامهٔ مردم, nāma-ye mardom, lit=The People's Letter) is a newspaper which has been published by the Tudeh Party of Iran during different periods with different outlooks. Content ''Name-ye Mardom'' was originally an intellectual journal and emphasized on ideological subjects. "Filthy Hope" (''omid-e palid''), a poem by Nima Yooshij was first published by the newspaper in 1943, with a foreword by Ehsan Tabari. According to Ervand Abrahamian, the political line of the newspaper can be divided into two terms marked by the party's second congress in 1948. Before the second congress, it used to publish articles sympathetic towards a wide range of socialist thinkers, including Henri de Saint-Simon, Karl Kautsky, Georgi Plekhanov, and Jean-Paul Sartre. However, it then turned into a more Soviet-approved newspaper by publishing articles on Vladimir Lenin's ''One Step Forward, Two Steps Back''; ''Social Realism in the Arts'' by Andrei Zhdanov; and works ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Iran (1917)
The Communist Party of Iran ( fa, حزب کمونیست ایران, Ḥezb-e komūnīst-e Iran) was an Iranian communist party. Originally established as the Justice Party ( fa, فرقه عدالت, Ferqa'ye ʿEdālat) in 1917 by the former social democrats who supported Baku-based Bolsheviks, it participated in Third International in 1919 and was renamed "''Communist Party of Iran''" in 1920. Haydar Khan e Amo-oghli, one of the leaders of the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, was elected as its general secretary. Its foundation came about as a result of the establishment of the Soviet Republic of Gilan, earlier that year, by Mirza Kouchak Khan and his ''Jangali'' ("Foresters' Movement") insurgents. The party was banned in 1921 (coinciding with the defeat of the Soviet Republic of Gilan), though members continued activities underground until the foundation of the Tudeh Party in 1941, which thereafter became the official communist party in the country. References Furthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Communist Seminar
The International Communist Seminar (ICS) was an annual communist conference held in May in Brussels, Belgium. It was organized by the Workers' Party of Belgium (WPB). In 1992, Ludo Martens, leader of the WPB initiated the conference, which gathered various tendencies of Marxist-Leninist parties and organizations. He is noted for having proposed the unification of the four main tendencies of the Marxist-Leninist movement. These are the pro-Soviet groups, the pro- Chinese, the pro- Albanian, and pro-Cuban. Around 200 organizations of Africa, Latin America, North America, Asia and Europe have taken part in it. For four years, from 1992 to 1995, the ICS worked on identifying "the true causes of the capitalist restoration in Soviet Union" and in Eastern Europe and to draw lessons from it for the future. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
