Tsukuba Circuit
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Tsukuba Circuit
is a motorsport race track located in Shimotsuma, a neighboring city of Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, about north of central Tokyo. It is long, with 32 pit garages and a long back straight. There is a small chicane used only for motorcycle racing that increases the track's total length to . The track was established in 1966 with the aim of attracting young people to participate in motor sports, but was not actually completed until 1970. At the present time, an event is held every week. The track has a large variety of corners, ranging from wide sweepers to hairpins. The circuit accommodates 8500 spectators on the track, 3000 in the stands, 5000 on lawn seats, and 500 standing over the pits. The illustration of thcourse guideshows that there are various courses other than the main course. * Course 1000 In 2001, the minibike course that had been called the "East Course" was completely renovated and opened as Course 1000 (TC1000), which is almost 1,000 meters in circ ...
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Shimotsuma, Ibaraki
260px, Lake Sanuma is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 41,638 in 16,021 households and a population density of 515 persons per km². The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 29.0%. The total area of the city is . Geography Shimotsuma is located in western Ibaraki Prefecture. The Kinugawa River flows through the city. Surrounding municipalities Ibaraki Prefecture * Yachiyo * Jōsō * Tsukuba * Chikusei Climate Shimotsuma has a Humid continental climate (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Shimotsuma is . The average annual rainfall is with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . Demographics Per Japanese census data, the population of Shimotsuma peaked around the year 2000 and has declined slightly since. History Shimotsuma developed as a ...
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Pit Stop
In motorsports, a pit stop is a pause for refuelling, new tyres, repairs, mechanical adjustments, a driver change, as a penalty, or any combination of the above. These stops occur in an area called the pits, most commonly accessed via a pit lane which runs parallel to the start/finish straightaway of the track and is connected to it at each end. Along this lane is a row of garages (typically one per team or car) outside which the work is done in a ''pit box''. Pit stop work is carried out by the pit crew of up to twenty mechanics, depending on the series regulations, while the driver often waits in the vehicle (except where a driver change is involved or in motorbike racing). The term is also used generically to describe a short break in a journey. Location and terminology Depending on the circuit, the garage may be located on pit lane or in a separate area. In most series, the order of the teams' pit boxes is assigned by points standings, race results, or previous qualifyi ...
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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (American English), carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (Commonwealth English), carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, carbon-fiber reinforced-thermoplastic (CFRP, CRP, CFRTP), also known as carbon fiber, carbon composite, or just carbon, are extremely strong and light fiber-reinforced plastics that contain carbon fibers. CFRPs can be expensive to produce, but are commonly used wherever high strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness (rigidity) are required, such as aerospace, superstructures of ships, automotive, civil engineering, sports equipment, and an increasing number of consumer and technical applications. The binding polymer is often a thermoset resin such as epoxy, but other thermoset or thermoplastic polymers, such as polyester, vinyl ester, or nylon, are sometimes used. The properties of the final CFRP product can be affected by the type of additives introduced to the binding matrix (resin). The most common additive is silica, but other addit ...
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Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution
The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, popularly referred to as the 'Evo', is a sports sedan and rally car based on the Lancer that was manufactured by Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors from 1992 until 2016. There have been ten official versions to date, and the designation of each model is most commonly a Roman numeral. All generations use two-litre intercooled turbo inline four-cylinder engines and all-wheel drive systems."Development of Center-Differential Control System for High Performance Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles"
, Mitsubishi Motors Technology Review 2001, no.13, pp. 61–66
The Evolution was originally intended only for Japanese markets, but demand on the
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HKS (company)
is a publicly traded company headquartered in Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan specializing in the production and sales of aftermarket and accessory automotive parts and components. History HKS was formed in 1973 by Hiroyuki Hasegawa, a former engineer for Yamaha Motor Company, and his partner Goichi Kitagawa, while the start up capital was supplied by Sigma Automotive (hence the name HKS). The company began operations by tuning gasoline-powered engines in a dairy-farming shed at the foot of Mount Fuji in Japan. Their goal was to design and build high performance engines and components that major original equipment manufacturers could not, or would not, produce. In July 1974, Hasegawa engineered and built the first commercialized turbocharger kit for passenger automobiles, since then developing turbocharger upgrades and bolt-on turbocharger kits that subsequently became the core business of HKS. Hasegawa also created the first commercially available electronic turbo timer ...
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Car Tuning
Car tuning is the modification of a car to optimise it for a different set of performance requirements from those it was originally designed to meet. Most commonly this is higher engine performance and dynamic handling characteristics but cars may also be altered to provide better fuel economy, or smoother response. The goal when tuning is the improvement of a vehicle's overall performance in response to the user's needs. Often, tuning is done at the expense of emissions performance, component reliability and occupant comfort. As a culture has grown around modified cars the term tuning has grown to encompass the cosmetic and stylistic changes owners make to personalize their vehicles. These changes can range from functional modifications designed to improve the performance or functionality of the car, to visual modifications which alter the aesthetics of the car and, in the case of certain mods, sometimes be detrimental to the performance or functionality of the car. Origin S ...
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Super Lap
Super Lap is a time attack motorsport event. Super Lap events are being held in Australia and New Zealand. Australia The inaugural Superlap Australia event was held at the Oran Park Raceway in July 2008. It has since become an annual event attracting the fastest circuit cars in the country and even some overseas guests. In Australia, Super Lap is divided into three classes: Club Sprint Class, Open Class and an invitational Pro Class The requirements for each class are described on the Superlap Australia website. New Zealand In New Zealand, the first NZ Performance Car Super Lap was held in April 2007 at Taupo Motorsport Park. It was the first event of its kind held in New Zealand on a race circuit. Other time trial-style events have been road-based run by motoring clubs, such as rallying and bent sprints. Super Lap is an event specially formulated as a total test of import street car performance, and is only open to JDM (Japanese domestic market) import cars. Origina ...
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Tsukuba Circuit Aerial Photograph
is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 244,528 in 108,669 households and a population density of 862 persons per km². The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 20.3%. The total area of the city is . It is known as the location of the , a planned science park developed in the 1960s. Geography Tsukuba is located in southern Ibaraki Prefecture, approximately 50 kilometers from central Tokyo and about 40 kilometers from Narita International Airport. Mount Tsukuba, from which the city takes its name is located in the northern part of the city. Except for the area around Mount Tsukuba, the city is a part of the Kantō Plain with an altitude of 20 to 30 meters. Mountains: Mount Tsukuba, Mount Hokyo. Rivers: Kokai River, Sakura River, Higashiyata River, Nishiyata River, Ono River, Hanamuro River, Inari River. Parks: The city has more of 100 parks and green areas to relax. Different parks are connected by pedestrian w ...
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Sōdō Station
is a passenger railway station in the city of Shimotsuma, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan operated by the private railway company Kantō Railway. Lines Sōdō Station is a station on the Jōsō Line, and is located from the official starting point of the line at Toride Station. Station layout The station consists of two opposed side platforms, connected to the station building by a level crossing. Platforms Adjacent stations History Sōdō Station was opened on 1 November 1913 as a station on the Jōsō Railroad, which became the Kantō Railway in 1965. The station building was rebuilt in July 1967. Passenger statistics In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 254 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). Surrounding area *former Chiyokawa Village Hall * Chiyokawa Post Office * Surrounding area * Shimotsuma Road Station See also * List of railway stations in Japan The links below contain all of the 8579 railway stations in Japan. External links ...
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Japanese Yen
The is the official currency of Japan. It is the third-most traded currency in the foreign exchange market, after the United States dollar (US$) and the euro. It is also widely used as a third reserve currency after the US dollar and the euro. The New Currency Act of 1871 introduced Japan's modern currency system, with the yen defined as of gold, or of silver, and divided decimally into 100 ''sen'' or 1,000 ''rin''. The yen replaced the previous Tokugawa coinage as well as the various ''hansatsu'' paper currencies issued by feudal ''han'' (fiefs). The Bank of Japan was founded in 1882 and given a monopoly on controlling the money supply. Following World War II, the yen lost much of its prewar value. To stabilize the Japanese economy, the exchange rate of the yen was fixed at ¥360 per US$ as part of the Bretton Woods system. When that system was abandoned in 1971, the yen became undervalued and was allowed to float. The yen had appreciated to a peak of ¥271 per US$ ...
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Auto Race (Japanese Sport)
is a Japanese version of flat track motorcycle racing, but combines gambling added into it and is held on an asphalt course, throughout Asia. It is regulated by the JKA Foundation. Autorace is predominantly a gambling sport. The first ever meeting was held at Funabashi in 1950, but the more traditional speedway and flat track dirt surfaces were banned by the government in the 1960s because they were considered too dangerous. Unlike other forms of motorcycle and gambling sport, prior to race day, riders are required to reside at the dormitory with over 500 riders and refrain from contacting anyone within the outside world including any forms of communications to prevent race fixing, which scandalised the sport during the years of the sport when the Yakuza took over the sport and as a result, crowds dwindled and it was saved when a motorcycle federation took it over in 1967. Since then the sport has very much gone its own way to develop into a form of motor sport exclusive to J ...
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Gymkhana (motorsport)
Gymkhana is a type of motorsport, known as Motorkhana in Australia and New Zealand and as Autotesting in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Similar to autocross, the goal of gymkhana is to achieve the fastest time possible; memorizing the course is a significant part of achieving a fast time. The name is loaned from the equestrian discipline of gymkhana. Gymkhana events are time and/or speed events in an automobile. These can feature obstacles such as cones, tires, and barrels. The driver must manoeuver through a predetermined "track" performing many different driving techniques. What separates gymkhana from traditional autocross events is that the gymkhana requires drivers to perform reversals, 180 degree spins, 360 degree spins, parking boxes, figure 8s, and other advanced skills. Drifting is also encouraged where helpful or necessary. Essentially, a gymkhana is any event featuring a starting point, a finish line and some sort of "obstacle" to get through, around, or by, all w ...
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