|
Tsubo-niwa
A is a type of very small garden in Japan. The term stems from , a unit of measurement (equal to 1×1 , the size of two tatami, roughly ), and , meaning "garden". Other spellings of translate to "container garden", and a may differ in size from the unit of measurement. have been described as "quasi-indoor gardens", and are a key feature of some traditional Japanese homes, such as the (). A number of different terms exist to describe the function of townhouse gardens. Courtyard gardens of all sizes are referred to as , "inner gardens"; gardens referred to as include both the (shop entrance garden) and the (hallway-garden, often mostly-roofed and used as a kitchen). The is found at the front of a traditional townhouse, with additional often found in the interior and at the rear. History were originally found in the interior courtyards of Heian period palaces, designed to give a glimpse of nature and some privacy to the residents of the rear side of the building. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Gardens
are traditional gardens whose designs are accompanied by Japanese aesthetics and philosophical ideas, avoid artificial ornamentation, and highlight the natural landscape. Plants and worn, aged materials are generally used by Japanese garden designers to suggest a natural landscape, and to express the fragility of existence as well as time's unstoppable advance. Ancient Japanese art inspired past garden designers. Water is an important feature of many gardens, as are rocks and often gravel. Despite there being many attractive Japanese flowering plants, herbaceous flowers generally play much less of a role in Japanese gardens than in the West, though seasonally flowering shrubs and trees are important, all the more dramatic because of the contrast with the usual predominant green. Evergreen plants are "the bones of the garden" in Japan. Though a natural-seeming appearance is the aim, Japanese gardeners often shape their plants, including trees, with great rigour. Japanese literatur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tablinum
In Roman architecture, a (or , from , board, picture) was a room generally situated on one side of the atrium and opposite to the entrance; it opened in the rear onto the peristyle, with either a large window or only an anteroom or curtain. The walls were richly decorated with fresco pictures, and busts of the family were arranged on pedestals on the two sides of the room. Description The ''tablinum'' was the office in a Roman house, the father's centre for business, where he would receive his clients. It was originally the master bedroom, but later became the main office and reception room for the house master. Takhtabush is the Arabic language, Arabic term for a tablinum. Like the ancient Roman tablinum, it opens onto a heavily shaded courtyard and, on the other side, a rear garden. Unlike the Roman tablinium, the garden side is closed with a lattice (Roman tablinums may have had open-weave curtains). If there is a wind, it tends to blow down into the windward court a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cha-niwa
, lit. 'dewy ground', is the Japanese term used for the garden through which one passes to the '' chashitsu'' for the tea ceremony. The roji generally cultivates an air of simplicity. Development Sen no Rikyū is said to have been important in the development of the ''roji''. At his Myōki-an, the 'sleeve-brushing pine' gained its name from the garden's diminutive size. For his tea house at Sakai, he planted hedges to obscure the view over the Inland Sea, and only when a guest bent over the ''tsukubai'' would he see the view. Rikyū explained his design by quoting a verse by Sōgi. Kobori Enshū was also a leading practitioner. Features The ''roji'' is usually divided into an outer and inner garden, with a ''machiai'' (waiting arbour). Typical features include the ''tsukubai'' (ablution basin), ''tōrō'' (lantern), '' tobi ishi'' (stepping stones), and wicket gate. Ostentatious plantings are generally avoided in preference for moss, ferns, and evergreens, although ume and J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tablinum
In Roman architecture, a (or , from , board, picture) was a room generally situated on one side of the atrium and opposite to the entrance; it opened in the rear onto the peristyle, with either a large window or only an anteroom or curtain. The walls were richly decorated with fresco pictures, and busts of the family were arranged on pedestals on the two sides of the room. Description The ''tablinum'' was the office in a Roman house, the father's centre for business, where he would receive his clients. It was originally the master bedroom, but later became the main office and reception room for the house master. Takhtabush is the Arabic language, Arabic term for a tablinum. Like the ancient Roman tablinum, it opens onto a heavily shaded courtyard and, on the other side, a rear garden. Unlike the Roman tablinium, the garden side is closed with a lattice (Roman tablinums may have had open-weave curtains). If there is a wind, it tends to blow down into the windward court a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ventilation Shaft
In subterranean civil engineering, ventilation shafts, also known as airshafts or vent shafts, are vertical passages used in mines and tunnels to move fresh air underground, and to remove stale air. In architecture, an airshaft is a small, vertical space within a tall building which permits ventilation of the building's interior spaces to the outside. The floor plan of a building with an airshaft is often described as a "square donut" shape. Alternatively, an airshaft may be formed between two adjacent buildings. Windows on the interior side of the donut allow air from the building to be exhausted into the shaft, and, depending on the height and width of the shaft, may also allow extra sunlight inside. See also * Ventilation (architecture) * Stack effect * Underground mine ventilation * Courtyard * Lightwell * Skylight * Atrium (architecture) In architecture, an atrium (plural: atria or atriums) is a large open-air or skylight-covered space surrounded by a building. Atria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passive Cooling
Passive cooling is a building design approach that focuses on heat gain control and heat dissipation in a building in order to improve the indoor thermal comfort with low or no energy consumption. This approach works either by preventing heat from entering the interior (heat gain prevention) or by removing heat from the building (natural cooling). Natural cooling utilizes on-site energy, available from the natural environment, combined with the architectural design of building components (e.g. building envelope), rather than mechanical systems to dissipate heat. Therefore, natural cooling depends not only on the architectural design of the building but on how the site's natural resources are used as heat sinks (i.e. everything that absorbs or dissipates heat). Examples of on-site heat sinks are the upper atmosphere (night sky), the outdoor air (wind), and the earth/soil. Passive cooling is an important tool for design of buildings for climate change adaptationreducing dependency o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Totekiko
Tōtekiko (東滴壺) is one of the five gardens at the Ryōgen-in sub-temple of the Daitoku-ji Buddhist complex in Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan. It was laid out by Nabeshima Gakusho in 1958, and is claimed to be the smallest Japanese rock garden. David Young, Michiko Young, Tan Hong Yew, Ben Simmons, Tuttle Publishing, 2005, , p.110 It is a '''', a small enclosed garden, composed of rocks placed on raked sand. Concentric gravel circles around stones placed towards each end of the garden are connected by parallel ridges and furrows. The garden is briefly illuminated by the sun at around noon each day, and it is occasionally covered by sn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murin-an
is a Japanese garden in Kyoto, owned by political and military leader '' Gensui'' Prince Yamagata Aritomo, designed by Ogawa Jihei and built between 1894 and 1898. It is an example of a classical Japanese promenade garden of the Meiji Period. History '' Gensui'' Prince Yamagata Aritomo (1838-1922) was an important figure in the politics and military affairs of the Meiji Period. Born into an old samurai family and devoted to military affairs, he traveled to Europe in 1869 as part of a delegation of experts to study the Prussian Army, and when he returned he helped re-organize the Imperial Japanese Army on the Prussian model. He became Minister of War in 1873, and was twice Prime Minister of Japan, from 1889 to 1891 and from 1898 to 1900. The completion in 1890 of the Lake Biwa Canal brought a plentiful source of fresh water to the Nanzen-ji temple domain area in Kyoto. Yamagata, who was a great lover of gardens, purchased land in the area and made plans to build a villa and garde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meiji Period
The is an era of Japanese history that extended from October 23, 1868 to July 30, 1912. The Meiji era was the first half of the Empire of Japan, when the Japanese people moved from being an isolated feudal society at risk of colonization by Western powers to the new paradigm of a modern, industrialized nation state and emergent great power, influenced by Western scientific, technological, philosophical, political, legal, and aesthetic ideas. As a result of such wholesale adoption of radically different ideas, the changes to Japan were profound, and affected its social structure, internal politics, economy, military, and foreign relations. The period corresponded to the reign of Emperor Meiji. It was preceded by the Keiō era and was succeeded by the Taishō era, upon the accession of Emperor Taishō. The rapid modernization during the Meiji era was not without its opponents, as the rapid changes to society caused many disaffected traditionalists from the former samurai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyoto 20190104 105234
Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the city had a population of 1.46 million. The city is the cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Kyoto, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 3.8 million people. Kyoto is one of the oldest municipalities in Japan, having been chosen in 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court by Emperor Kanmu. The original city, named Heian-kyō, was arranged in accordance with traditional Chinese feng shui following the model of the ancient Chinese capital of Chang'an/Luoyang. The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869. It was the scene of several key events of the Muromachi period, Sengoku period, and the Boshin War, such as the Ōnin War, the Honnō- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsukubai
In Japan, a is a washbasin provided at the entrance to a holy place for visitors to purify themselves by the ritual washing of hands and rinsing of the mouth. This type of ritual cleansing is the custom for guests attending a tea ceremony or visiting the grounds of a Buddhist temple. The name originates from the verb ', meaning "to crouch" or "to bow down", an act of humility. Guests attending a tea ceremony crouch and wash their hands in a ' set in the tea garden (roji) before entering the tearoom. ' are usually of stone, and are often provided with a small ladle, ready for use. A supply of water may be provided via a bamboo pipe called a '. The famous ' shown here stands in the grounds of the Ryōan-ji temple in Kyoto, and was donated by the feudal lord Tokugawa Mitsukuni. The kanji written on the surface of the stone are without significance when read alone. If each is read in combination with (kuchi), the shape of the central bowl, then the characters become which t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
