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Troxerutin
Troxerutin is a flavonol, a type of flavonoid, derived from rutin. It is more accurately a hydroxyethylrutoside. It can be isolated from ''Sophora japonica'', the Japanese pagoda tree. It is used as a vasoprotective. Troxerutin has been shown in mice to reverse CNS insulin resistance and reduce reactive oxygen species induced by a high-cholesterol diet. References Quercetin glycosides Flavonol rutinosides Phenol ethers {{cardiovascular-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavonol
Flavonols are a class of flavonoids that have the 3-hydroxyflavone backbone (IUPAC name : 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one). Their diversity stems from the different positions of the phenolic -OH groups. They are distinct from flavanols (with "a") such as catechin, another class of flavonoids. Flavonols are present in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. In Western populations, estimated daily intake is in the range of 20–50 mg per day for flavonols. Individual intake varies depending on the type of diet consumed. The phenomenon of dual fluorescence (due to excited state intramolecular proton transfer or ESIPT) is induced by tautomerism of flavonols (and glucosides) and could contribute to plant UV protection and flower colour. Besides being a subclass of flavonoids, flavonols are suggested by a study of cranberry juice to play a role along with proanthocyanidins, in the juice's ability to block bacterial adhesion, demonstrated by the compressing the fimbria of ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroxyethylrutoside
Hydroxyethylrutosides (oxerutins, ''O''-beta-hydroxyethyl-rutosides, HR, or HER) are hydroxyethyl derivatives of rutosides. Examples include: * Monoxerutin * Dihydroxyethylrutoside * Troxerutin * Tetrahydroxyethylrutoside Oxerutins are semisynthetic derivatives of plant constituents. Although they are closely related to the natural flavonoid rutin, hydroxyethylrutosides are not found in food. The only way to take them is in a supplement. Health benefits Relvène (1967 French version), Venoruton (1962 Swiss version), and Paroven are mixtures of hydroxyethyl rutinosides. Hydroxyethylrutosides are used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and hypertensive microangiopathy. Oxerutins work by reducing leakage from the small blood vessels (capillaries). Hydroxyethylrutosides have been used as an alternative to horse chestnut preparations ( venostasin) containing aescin. Typical doses are in the order of 1,000 mg/day. Effects of hydroxyethylrutosides against adria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavonol Rutinosides
Flavonols are a class of flavonoids that have the 3-hydroxyflavone backbone (IUPAC name : 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one). Their diversity stems from the different positions of the phenols, phenolic hydroxyl, -OH groups. They are distinct from flavanols (with "a") such as catechin, another class of flavonoids. Flavonols are present in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. In Western populations, estimated daily intake is in the range of 20–50 mg per day for flavonols. Individual intake varies depending on the type of diet consumed. The phenomenon of dual fluorescence (due to excited state intramolecular proton transfer or ESIPT) is induced by tautomerism of flavonols (and glucosides) and could contribute to plant UV protection and flower colour. Besides being a subclass of flavonoids, flavonols are suggested by a study of cranberry juice to play a role along with proanthocyanidins, in the juice's ability to block bacterial adhesion, demonstrated by the compressing the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rutin
Rutin, also called rutoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin, is the glycoside combining the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose (α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranose). It is a flavonoid found in a wide variety of plants, including citrus. Occurrences Rutin is one of the phenolic compounds found in the invasive plant species, ''Carpobrotus edulis''. Its name comes from the name of ''Ruta graveolens'', a plant that also contains rutin. Various citrus fruit peels contain 32 to 49 mg/g of flavonoids expressed as rutin equivalents. Citrus leaves contain rutin at concentrations of 11 and 7 g/kg in orange and lime trees, respectively. In 2021, Samoan researchers identified rutin in the native plant, ''matalafi'' (''Psychotria insularum''). Metabolism The enzyme quercitrinase found in ''Aspergillus flavus'' is in the rutin catabolic pathway. In food Rutin is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in many plants, including buckwheat, the leaves and pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophora Japonica
''Styphnolobium japonicum'', the Japanese pagoda tree (also known as the Chinese scholar tree and pagoda tree; syn. ''Sophora japonica'') is a species of tree in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. It was formerly included within a broader interpretation of the genus ''Sophora''. The species of ''Styphnolobium'' differ from ''Sophora'' in lacking the ability to form symbioses with rhizobia (nitrogen fixing bacteria) on their roots. It also differs from the related genus ''Calia'' (mescalbeans) in having deciduous leaves and flowers in axillary, not terminal, racemes. The leaves are alternate, pinnate, with nine to 21 leaflets, and the flowers in pendulous racemes similar to those of the black locust. Distribution ''Styphnolobium japonicum'' is native to China; despite the name, it was introduced in Japan. It is a popular ornamental tree in Europe, North America and South Africa, grown for its white flowers, borne in late summer after most other flowering trees ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasoprotective
A vasoprotective is a medication which acts to alleviate or prevent conditions or diseases which affect the blood vessels. The term is used in the World Health Organization's Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System to encompass therapeutic agents used in the treatment of hemorrhoids or varicose veins. The term may also be used to describe drugs which lower the risk of developing hypercholesterolemia or hypertension. Examples of vasoprotectives include 1-methylnicotinamide, estrogen, tribenoside, and valsartan. More specifically, arterial vasoprotectors are called angioprotectors. See also * ATC code C05 C05A Agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use C05AA Corticosteroids :C05AA01 Hydrocortisone :C05AA04 Prednisolone :C05AA05 Betamethasone :C05AA06 Fluorometholone :C05AA08 Fluocortolone :C05AA09 Dexamethasone :C05AA10 ... References Drugs acting on the cardiovascular system {{Cardiovascular-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reactive Oxygen Species
In chemistry, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (). Examples of ROS include peroxides, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and alpha-oxygen. The reduction of molecular oxygen () produces superoxide (), which is the precursor to most other reactive oxygen species: :O2 + e^- -> \ ^\bullet O2- Dismutation of superoxide produces hydrogen peroxide (): :2 H+ + \ ^\bullet O2^- + \ ^\bullet O2^- -> H2O2 + O2 Hydrogen peroxide in turn may be partially reduced, thus forming hydroxide ions and hydroxyl radicals (), or fully reduced to water: :H2O2 + e^- -> HO^- + \ ^\bullet OH :2 H+ + 2 e- + H2O2 -> 2 H2O In a biological context, ROS are byproducts of the normal metabolism of oxygen. ROS have roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. ROS are intrinsic to cellular functioning, and are present at low and stationary levels in normal cells. In plants, ROS are involved in metabolic processes related to photoprotection and toleran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quercetin Glycosides
Quercetin is a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. It is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, seeds, and grains; capers, red onions, and kale are common foods containing appreciable amounts of it. It has a bitter flavor and is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, beverages, and foods. Occurrence Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in nature. The name has been used since 1857, and is derived from ''quercetum'' (oak forest), after the oak genus ''Quercus''. It is a naturally occurring polar auxin transport inhibitor. Quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids, with an average daily consumption of 25–50 milligrams. In red onions, higher concentrations of quercetin occur in the outermost rings and in the part closest to the root, the latter being the part of the plant with the highest concentration. One study found that organically grown tomatoes had 79% more quercetin than non-organically grown fruit. Quercetin is pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
