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Tropoxane
Tropoxane (O-1072) is an aryloxytropane derivative drug developed by Organix Inc., which acts as a stimulant and potent dopamine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is an analogue of dichloropane where the amine nitrogen has been replaced by an oxygen ether link (at the bridgehead position), demonstrating that the amine nitrogen is not required for DAT binding and reuptake inhibition. Thia analog The 8-thiabicyclo(3.2.1)octanes analogs such as O-4210 have been prepared. A representative set of analogs is listed below. It had been hypothesized that transporter binding of the tropanes might include ionic bonding of the central tropane nitrogen. But it turned out that at this site neither ionic nor hydrogen bonding is a prerequisite for potent monoamine reuptake inhibition. Oxa- and thia-analogs of RTI-111 are potent inhibitors, and even an ''N''-replacement by methylene holds the potency within the same magnitude. However, ''N''-quaternisation (''N''-dimethyl) considerab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organix Inc
Organix Inc is a US fine chemicals company specialising in chemical synthesis of analytical standards and custom synthesis of finished compounds and intermediates.{{Citation needed, date=February 2020 Chemistry Organix carries out research and development of novel molecules used in a variety of pharmaceutical research applications. Some notable compounds include; * O-526 * O-774 * O-806 * O-823 * O-1057 * O-1072 (Tropoxane) * O-1125 * O-1238 * O-1269 * O-1270 * O-1399 * O-1602 * O-1656 * O-1660 * O-1812 * O-1871 * O-1918 * O-2050 * O-2113 * O-2172 * O-2371 * O-2372 * O-2387 * O-2390 * O-2394 * O-2545 * O-2694 * O-4210 * O-4310 O-4310 (1-isopropyl-6-fluoro-psilocin) is a tryptamine derivative developed by Organix Inc which acts as a serotonin receptor agonist. It is claimed to have an EC50 of 5nM at 5-HT2A with 89% efficacy vs 5-HT, and 100x selectivity over 5-HT2C, ... Life sciences industry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O-2172
O-2172 is a drug developed by Organix Inc, which acts as a stimulant and potent dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It is an analogue of methylphenidate where the phenyl ring has had a 3,4-dichloro substitution added, and the piperidine ring has been replaced by cyclopentane. It is around 1/3 the potency of methylphenidate, demonstrating that even with the important binding group of the nitrogen lone pair removed entirely, selective DAT binding and reuptake inhibition is still possible. See also * Tropoxane * O-4210 O-4210 is a drug developed by Organix Inc which acts as a selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor, with good selectivity over the serotonin transporter but its activity at the noradrenaline transporter is not known. It is a thiatropane derivative, ... References Dopamine reuptake inhibitors Stimulants Chlorobenzenes Methyl esters Cyclopentanes {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ionic Bonding
Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with sharply different electronegativities, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds. It is one of the main types of bonding along with covalent bonding and metallic bonding. Ions are atoms (or groups of atoms) with an electrostatic charge. Atoms that gain electrons make negatively charged ions (called anions). Atoms that lose electrons make positively charged ions (called cations). This transfer of electrons is known as electrovalence in contrast to covalence. In the simplest case, the cation is a metal atom and the anion is a nonmetal atom, but these ions can be of a more complex nature, e.g. molecular ions like or . In simpler words, an ionic bond results from the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal in order to obtain a full valence shell for both atoms. It is important to recognize that ''clean'' ion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methyl Esters
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula . In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bounded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (), methylium cation () or methyl radical (). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed. Methyl cation, anion, and radical Methyl cation The methylium cation () exists in the gas phase, but is otherwise not encountered. Some compounds are considered to be sources of the cation, and this simplification is used pervasively in organic chemistry. For example, protonation of methanol gives an electr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloroarenes
In organic chemistry, an aryl halide (also known as haloarene) is an aromatic compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms, directly bonded to an aromatic ring are replaced by a halide. The haloarene are different from haloalkanes because they exhibit many differences in methods of preparation and properties. The most important members are the aryl chlorides, but the class of compounds is so broad that there are many derivatives and applications. Preparation The two main preparatory routes to aryl halides are direct halogenation and via diazonium salts. Direct halogenation In the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, Lewis acids serve as catalysts. Many metal chlorides are used, examples include iron(III) chloride or aluminium chloride. The most important aryl halide, chlorobenzene is produced by this route. Monochlorination of benzene is always accompanied by formation of the dichlorobenzene derivatives. Arenes with electron donating groups react with halogens even in the absence of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors
A dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) is a class of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine by blocking the action of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Reuptake inhibition is achieved when extracellular dopamine not absorbed by the postsynaptic neuron is blocked from re-entering the presynaptic neuron. This results in increased extracellular concentrations of dopamine and increase in dopaminergic neurotransmission. DRIs are used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy for their psychostimulant effects, and in the treatment of obesity and binge eating disorder for their appetite suppressant effects. They are sometimes used as antidepressants in the treatment of mood disorders, but their use as antidepressants is limited given that strong DRIs have a high abuse potential and legal restrictions on their use. Lack of dopamine reuptake and the increase in extracellular levels of dopamine have been linked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Cocaine Analogues
This is a list of cocaine analogues. A cocaine analogue is an (usually) artificial construct of a novel chemical compound from (often the starting point of natural) cocaine's molecular structure, with the result product sufficiently similar to cocaine to display similarity in, but alteration to, its chemical function. Within the scope of analogous compounds created from the structure of cocaine, so named "cocaine analogues" retain 3''β''-benzoyloxy or similar functionality (the term specifically used usually distinguishes from phenyltropanes, but in the broad sense generally, as a category, includes them) on a tropane skeleton, as compared to other stimulants of the kind. Many of the semi-synthetic cocaine analogues ''proper'' which have been made & studied have consisted of among the nine following classes of compounds: * stereoisomers of cocaine * 3''β''-phenyl ring substituted analogues * 2''β''-substituted analogues * ''N''-modified analogues of cocaine * 3''β''-carbamoyl a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meltzer
Meltzer is a surname of German or Yiddish origin, meaning " malt or beer maker". Notable people with the surname include: *Albert Meltzer (1920–1996), British anarcho-communist activist and writer * Allan Meltzer (1928–2017), American economist * Anne Meltzer, American seismologist *Bernard Meltzer (1916–1998) American radio host *Brad Meltzer (born 1970), American author *Daniel Meltzer (1951–2015), Professor of Law at Harvard *Dave Meltzer (born 1961), American sports journalist * David Meltzer (1937-2016), American poet and musician *Donald Meltzer (1922–2004), American/British psychoanalyst * Eli Meltzer (born 1979), American musician and entertainer * Ewald Meltzer (1869–1940), German asylum director *Françoise Meltzer (born 1947), American professor of religion * Fredrik Meltzer (1779–1855), Norwegian businessman and politician *Harold Meltzer (born 1966), American composer *Isser Zalman Meltzer (1870–1953), Lithuanian Orthodox rabbi * Jamie Meltzer, American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylene (compound)
Methylene (systematically named methylidene and dihydridocarbon; also called carbene) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (also written ). It is a colourless gas that fluoresces in the mid-infrared range, and only persists in dilution, or as an adduct. Methylene is the simplest carbene.Roald Hoffman (2005), ''Molecular Orbitals of Transition Metal Complexes''. Oxford. It is usually detected only at very low temperatures, or as a short-lived intermediate in chemical reactions. W. B. DeMore and S. W. Benson (1964), Preparation, properties, and reactivity of methylene'. In ''Advances in Photochemistry'', John Wiley & Sons, 453 pages. Nomenclature The trivial name ''carbene'' is the preferred IUPAC name. The systematic names ''methylidene'' and ''dihydridocarbon'', valid IUPAC names, are constructed according to the substitutive and additive nomenclatures, respectively. ''Methylidene'' is viewed as methane with two hydrogen atoms removed. By default, this name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrogen Bonding
In chemistry, a hydrogen bond (or H-bond) is a primarily electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen (H) atom which is covalently bound to a more electronegative "donor" atom or group (Dn), and another electronegative atom bearing a lone pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor (Ac). Such an interacting system is generally denoted , where the solid line denotes a polar covalent bond, and the dotted or dashed line indicates the hydrogen bond. The most frequent donor and acceptor atoms are the second-row elements nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and fluorine (F). Hydrogen bonds can be intermolecular (occurring between separate molecules) or intramolecular (occurring among parts of the same molecule). The energy of a hydrogen bond depends on the geometry, the environment, and the nature of the specific donor and acceptor atoms and can vary between 1 and 40 kcal/mol. This makes them somewhat stronger than a van der Waals interaction, and weaker than fully covalent or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thia
The thumbnail crab, ''Thia scutellata'', is a species of decapods, in the family of thiidae, whose carapace resembles a human thumbnail, a dense fringe of long hairs distinctly notched around the edge. Pale pink in colour with red to brown markings. It is found in the North Sea, north-east Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Thia'', although two fossil species are known. Their predators includes the atlantic cod The Atlantic cod (''Gadus morhua'') is a benthopelagic fish of the family Gadidae, widely consumed by humans. It is also commercially known as cod or codling.Portunoidea Crabs of the Atl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have Sympathomimetic drug, sympathomimetic effects. Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines as well as without a prescription (either legally or Prohibition (drugs), illicitly) as performance-enhancing substance, performance-enhancing or recreational drug use, recreational drugs. Among narcotics, stimulants produce a noticeable crash or ''Comedown (drugs), comedown'' at the end of their effects. The most frequently prescribed stimulants as of 2013 were lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and amphetamine (Adderall). It was estimated in 2015 that the percentage of the world population that had used cocaine during a year was 0.4%. For the category "amphetamines and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
