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Trophic Egg
A trophic egg, in most species that produce them, usually is an unfertilised egg because its function is not reproduction but nutrition; in essence it serves as food for offspring hatched from viable eggs. The production of trophic eggs has been observed in a highly diverse range of species, including fish, amphibians, spiders and insects. The function is not limited to any particular level of parental care, but occurs in sub-social species of insects, such as the spider '' A. ferox'', as well as a few other species like the frogs ''Leptodactylus fallax'' and ''Oophaga'', and the catfish ''Bagrus meridionalis''. Parents of some species deliver trophic eggs directly to their offspring, whereas some other species simply produce the trophic eggs after laying the viable eggs; they then leave the trophic eggs where the viable offspring are likely to find them. The mackerel sharks present the most extreme example of proximity between reproductive eggs and trophic eggs; their viable offs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egg (biology)
An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the animal hatches. Most arthropods such as insects, vertebrates (excluding live-bearing mammals), and mollusks lay eggs, although some, such as scorpions, do not. Reptile eggs, bird eggs, and monotreme eggs are laid out of water and are surrounded by a protective shell, either flexible or inflexible. Eggs laid on land or in nests are usually kept within a warm and favorable temperature range while the embryo grows. When the embryo is adequately developed it hatches, i.e., breaks out of the egg's shell. Some embryos have a temporary egg tooth they use to crack, pip, or break the eggshell or covering. The largest recorded egg is from a whale shark and was in size. Whale shark eggs typically hatch within the mother. At and up to , the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oikos (journal)
''Oikos'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in the field of ecology. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Nordic Foundation Oikos. Since 2011, the editor-in-chief has been Dries Bonte of Ghent University. History The journal was established in 1949 as ''Oikos: Acta Oecologica Scandinavica'', together with the Nordic Foundation Oikos, to provide a vehicle for publishing in the growing field of ecology. The journal content would have no preference with regard to taxonomic group. In the 1970s the scope was narrowed to studies with relevance to the progress of theory in ecology. From 1949 to 1977, the journal appeared in one volume of three issues per year. From 1977 to 1987, two volumes per year were produced, and three volumes from 1987. In addition, from 1949–1975, a number of supplements were published at irregular intervals. Since 2007, the ''Oikos'' subject editors make nominations for the annual Per Brinck Oikos Award given to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amaurobius Ferox
''Amaurobius ferox'', sometimes known as the black lace-weaver, is a common nocturnal spider belonging to the family ''Amaurobiidae'' and genus '' Amaurobius''. Its genus includes the permanently social species ''A. socialis'', and three subsocial species, ''A. fenestralis, A. similis'' and ''A. ferox'', all three of which have highly developed subsocial organizations. Description Females of this species range from around 11–16 mm in body length, while males are slightly smaller and more slender, ranging from 8–10 mm. The spider is very dark in color with its primary shades being black, brown, dark red, and tan. The abdomen is rounded and has light yellow pale markings in a unique pattern that is often described as resembling a ghoulish mask or skull pattern. Habitat and distribution ''A. ferox'' is usually found near man-made structures. The species prefers dark areas, such as underneath logs or inside cellars, and it often likes to live in moist, shaded crevi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spionidae
Spionidae is a family of marine worms within the Polychaeta. Spionids are selective deposit feeders that use their two grooved palps Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the second pair of appendages of chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") a ... to locate prey. However, some spionids are capable of interface feeding, i.e. switching between deposit and suspension feeding. Spionids produce tubes by cementing sand grains and detritus material with mucus produced by their glandular pouches. The Spionidae is one of the most studied polychaete families given their biological and commercial importance. Members of this family have been used in regeneration studies and some are capable of boring into calcareous substrate which has destructive implications for commercially important shellfish. References Annelid families Canalipalpata {{a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gryllidae
The family ''Gryllidae'' contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (''e.g.'' ImmsImms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) ''A General Textbook of Entomology'' 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp.): taxa such as the spider-crickets and allies, sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and scaly crickets have been elevated to family level. The type genus is ''Gryllus'' and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by Walker. They have a worldwide distribution (except Antarctica). The largest members of the family are the -long bull crickets (''Brachytrupes'') which excavate burrows a metre or more deep. The tree crickets (Oecanthinae) are delicate white or pale green insects with transparent fore wings, while the field crickets (Gryllinae) are robust brown or black insects. Subfamilies The family is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anurogryllus Muticus
''Anurogryllus muticus'', also known as De Geer's short-tailed cricket or simply short-tailed cricket (a name common to many '' Anurogryllus'' species) is a species of cricket in the family Gryllidae. It is native to Bermuda, the West Indies, Central and South America. It is nocturnal and hides in a burrow by day. Taxonomy At one time, nearly all the short-tailed crickets in the United States were considered to belong to the species ''Anurogryllus muticus'', the range of which extended from Canada to much of South America. In a revision of the genus made by T. Walker in 1973, '' Anurogryllus arboreus'' was split off on the basis of the calling behavior of the male, and on certain morphological differences. The range of ''A. muticus'' is now considered to include Bermuda, the West Indies, Central and South America as far south as southern Brazil while that of ''A. arboreus'' covers much of the continental United States. There are two subspecies; ''A. muticus caraibeus'' (Saus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cydnidae
Cydnidae are a family of pentatomoid bugs, known by common names including burrowing bugs or burrower bugs. As the common name would suggest, many members of the group live a subterranean lifestyle, burrowing into soil using their head and forelegs, only emerging to mate and then laying their eggs in soil. Other members of the group are not burrowers, and live above the soil layer, often in close association with plants. Several species are known as agricultural pests. Description Burrowing bugs range from 2 to 20 mm in length. They are dark, ovoid in shape and highly sclerotised. The head is generally subquadrate to semicircular in shape, and has a pair of 5-segmented antennae. The coxae of the legs have setal combs, while the apices of the mid and hind coxae are fringed with rigid setae. The tibiae of the legs (also often the head and pronotum) have spines. The tarsi of the legs are 3-segmented and often reduced. Similar to other pentatomoids, Cydnidae have glands in the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adomerus Triguttulus
''Adomerus'' is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Cydnidae. Taxonomy Adomerus has the following species: * ''Adomerus biguttatus ''Adomerus biguttatus'', also known by its common name cow-wheat shieldbug is a species from the genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In ...'' * '' Adomerus fuscipennis'' * '' Adomerus maculipes'' * '' Adomerus rotundus'' * '' Adomerus triguttulus'' * '' Adomerus variegatus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10401448 Cydnidae Hemiptera genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coelacanthidae
Coelacanthidae is an extinct family of coelacanths found in freshwater and marine strata throughout the world, originating during the Permian, and finally dying out during the Jurassic. The modern-day genus ''Latimeria'' is often erroneously thought to be in this family, when, in fact, it is the type genus of the more advanced family Latimeriidae, which appeared some time during the Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period .... References Permian bony fish Triassic bony fish Jurassic bony fish Jurassic extinctions Prehistoric lobe-finned fish families Permian first appearances {{paleo-lobefinned-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latimeria Chalumnae
The West Indian Ocean coelacanth (''Latimeria chalumnae'') (sometimes known as gombessa, African coelacanth, or simply coelacanth) is a crossopterygian, one of two extant species of coelacanth, a rare order of vertebrates more closely related to lungfish and tetrapods than to the common ray-finned fishes. The other extant species is the Indonesian coelacanth (''L. menadoensis''). The West Indian Ocean coelacanth was historically known by fishermen around the Comoro Islands (where it is known as ''gombessa''), Madagascar, and Mozambique in the western Indian Ocean, but first scientifically recognised from a specimen collected in South Africa in 1938. This coelacanth was once thought to be evolutionarily conservative, but discoveries have shown initial morphological diversity. It has a vivid blue pigment, and is the better known of the two extant species. The species has been assessed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Anatomy and physiology The average weight of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagridae
The Bagridae are a family of catfish that are native to Africa ('' Bagrus'') and Asia (all other genera) from Japan to Borneo. It includes about 245 species. These fish are commonly known as naked catfishes or bagrid catfishes. Many large bagrids are important as a source of food. Some species are also kept as aquarium fishes. Physical characteristics The dorsal fin is preceded by a spine. The adipose fin is present and can have a relatively long base in some species. The pectoral fin spine can be serrated. The body is completely naked (they have no scales). The maximum length is about . Fishes of the family Bagridae have four pairs of well-developed barbels covered by a layer of taste bud-enriched epithelium. Taxonomy The taxonomy of this family has changed rapidly. Nelson (2006) comments how "the family is very different from that recognized in Nelson (1994)". Claroteidae and Austroglanididae contain species that were previously bagrids. Auchenoglanididae is considered by some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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