|
Troides Andromache
''Troides andromache'', the Borneo birdwing , is a species of butterfly in the family (biology), family Papilionidae. It is Endemic species, found only in Borneo. Description The wingspan ranges from 150 to 180 mm (female), the hindwings are discreetly scalloped. The body is black with yellow marks on the ventral abdomen. ''Troides andromache'' is Sexual dimorphism, sexually dimorphic. The males have black upperside forewings. The underside of the forewings is black marked, in the postdiscal area and between the veins, with white. The hindwings are yellow with black veins and have a border of marginal black triangles. The females have white forewings with black veins lined with grey. The black veined yellow hindwings have wide-bordered black margin and a wide submarginal formed of confluent black spots. Subspecies The subspecies are *''Troides andromache andromache'' northern Borneo, Sabah *''Troides andromache marapokensis'' Fruhstorfer, 1899 northern Borneo, northern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Staudinger
Otto Staudinger (2 May 1830 – 13 October 1900) was a German entomologist and a natural history dealer considered one of the largest in the world specialising in the collection and sale of insects to museums, scientific institutions, and individuals. Life Staudinger was born in Groß Wüstenfelde, Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, from a Bavarian family on his father's side. His grandfather was born near Ansbach and came to Holstein at the end of the 18th century where Staudinger's father was born in Groß Flottbeck in 1799. His mother, a born Schroeder, was from Mecklenburg, born in Putzar at the Count of Schwerin's estate in 1794. At the time of Otto Staudinger's birth in 1830 his father was the tenant of the Rittergut Groß Wüstenfelde. At the age of six or seven Otto was introduced into entomology by his private tutor Wagner who collected beetles. In the summer of 1843 his father purchased the Rittergut Lübsee near Güstrow where Otto – now under the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rain Forest
Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainforest, but other types have been described. Estimates vary from 40% to 75% of all biotic species being indigenous to the rainforests. There may be many millions of species of plants, insects and microorganisms still undiscovered in tropical rainforests. Tropical rainforests have been called the "jewels of the Earth" and the " world's largest pharmacy", because over one quarter of natural medicines have been discovered there. Rainforests as well as endemic rainforest species are rapidly disappearing due to deforestation, the resulting habitat loss and pollution of the atmosphere. Definition Rainforest are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, high humidity, the presence of moisture-dependent vegetation, a moist layer of leaf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic Fauna Of Borneo
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterflies Of Borneo
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it fli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troides
''Troides'' is a genus of birdwing butterflies, comprising species found in the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, and Oceania. Species Twenty species are recognized: : subgenus: ''Ripponia'' ::* '' Troides hypolitus'' – Rippon's birdwing : subgenus: ''Troides'' :: species group: ''Troides aeacus'' :::* ''Troides aeacus'' – golden birdwing :::* ''Troides dohertyi'' – Talaud black birdwing :::* '' Troides magellanus'' – Magellan birdwing :::* ''Troides minos'' – southern birdwing :::* ''Troides plateni'' – Dr. Platen's birdwing :::* ''Troides prattorum'' – Buru opalescent birdwing :::* '' Troides rhadamantus'' – golden birdwing :: species group: ''Troides amphrysus'' :::* '' Troides amphrysus'' – Malay birdwing :::* '' Troides andromache'' – Borneo birdwing :::* '' Troides cuneifera'' :::* ''Troides miranda'' – Miranda birdwing :: species group: ''Troides haliphron'' :::* ''Troides criton'' – Criton birdwing :::* ''Troides darsius'' – Sri Lankan bird ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naturhistorisches Museum
The Natural History Museum Vienna (german: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) is a large natural history museum located in Vienna, Austria. It is one of the most important natural history museums worldwide. The NHM Vienna is one of the largest museums and non-university research institutions in Austria and an important center of excellence for all matters relating to natural sciences. The museum's 39 exhibition rooms cover 8,460 square meters and present more than 100,000 objects. It is home to 30 million objects available to more than 60 scientists and numerous guest researchers who carry out basic research in a wide range of topics related to human sciences, earth sciences, and life sciences. The '' Index Herbariorum'' code assigned to this museum is W and it is used when citing housed herbarium specimens. History The history of the Natural History Museum Vienna is shaped by the passion for collecting of renowned monarchs, the endless thirst for knowledge of famous scienti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Union For Conservation Of Nature
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. It is involved in data gathering and analysis, research, field projects, advocacy, and education. IUCN's mission is to "influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable". Over the past decades, IUCN has widened its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to sustainable development in its projects. IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice and through building partnerships. The organization is best known to the wider pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sundaland
Sundaland (also called Sundaica or the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region of South-eastern Asia corresponding to a larger landmass that was exposed throughout the last 2.6 million years during periods when sea levels were lower. It includes Borneo, Java, and Sumatra in Indonesia, and their surrounding small islands, as well as the Malay Peninsula on the Asian mainland. Extent The area of Sundaland encompasses the Sunda Shelf, a tectonically stable extension of Southeast Asia's continental shelf that was exposed during glacial periods of the last 2 million years. The extent of the Sunda Shelf is approximately equal to the 120-meter isobath. In addition to the Malay Peninsula and the islands of Borneo, Java, and Sumatra, it includes the Java Sea, the Gulf of Thailand, and portions of the South China Sea. In total, the area of Sundaland is approximately 1,800,000 km2. The area of exposed land in Sundaland has fluctuated considerably during the past recent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troides Miranda
''Troides miranda'', the Miranda birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly that inhabits Borneo and Sumatra. Related species ''Troides miranda'' is a member of the ''Troides amphrysus'' species group. The members of this clade are: *''Troides amphrysus'' (Cramer, 779 *''Troides andromache'' (Staudinger, 1892) *''Troides cuneifera ''Troides cuneifera'', the Mountain Birdwing,Ek-Amnuay, P. (2012). Butterflies of Thailand. 2nd Edition (English) is a large butterfly belonging to the swallowtail family, Papilionidae, found in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo ...'' (Oberthür, 1879) *''Troides miranda'' (Butler, 1869) References *Kurt Rumbucher,Béla von Knötgen and Oliver Schäffler, Knötgen 1999 Part 7, Papilionidae IV. Troides II., amphrysus-group in Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Eds. ''Butterflies of the World''. Keltern: Goecke & Evers . External links ''Troides miranda'' at Ngypal miranda Butterflies described in 1869 Butterflies of Borneo Butterf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troides Cuneifera
''Troides cuneifera'', the Mountain Birdwing,Ek-Amnuay, P. (2012). Butterflies of Thailand. 2nd Edition (English) is a large butterfly belonging to the swallowtail family, Papilionidae, found in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. Being very similar to '' Troides amphrysus'', the butterfly was originally described as ''Ornithoptera amphrisius'' var. ''cuneifera''. The first to separate the two species was Pieter Cornelius Tobias Snellen in 1889. In Sumatra and Java it is a highlands species occurring up to an altitude of , but it occurs as low as in the Thai-Malay Peninsula. The species is in decline in Sumatra and Java due to human activities such as increased cultivation. ''Troides cuneifera tantalus'' remains one of the great mysteries of the birdwings. The taxon is known from only one male and one female. When described, the specimens were claimed to originate from Kala Bula Hills or Kala Bala Hills, north Borneo. Description ''Troides cuneifera'' is se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troides Amphrysus
''Troides amphrysus'', the Malay birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly in the genus ''Troides'' in the family Papilionidae. Taxonomy Subspecies *''T. a. amphrysus'' (Java, Bali) *''T. a. ruficollis'' (Butler, 1879 (Peninsular Malaya, Thailand, Burma) *''T. a. euthydemus'' (Fruhstorfer, 1913 (Sumatra) *''T. a. actinotia'' Jordan, 1909 (southern Borneo) *''T. a. flavicollis'' (Druce, 1873) (northern Borneo) *''T. a. niasicus'' (Fruhstorfer, 1898) (Nias) *''T. a. vistara'' Fruhstorfer, 1906 ( Batu Island) *''T. a. astrea'' Hayami, 1992 ( Banyak Island) *''T. a. arkumene'' Hayami, 1994 (Tioman) *''T. a. chrysomelas'' Parrott & Schmid, 1984 (Natuna) *''T. a. simeuluensis'' Ohya, 1985 ( Simeuluë, Babi Island) *''T. a. perintis'' Kobayashi, 1986 ( Tambelan Island) *''T. a. kuris'' Kobayashi & Hayami, 1987 ( Anambas Island) *''T. a. hilbert'' Hayami, 1992 (Karimata) *''T. a. merah'' Kobayashi & Hayami, 1992 ( Simuk, Batu Island) *''T. a. zeus'' Kobayashi & Hayami, 1992 (Sipora, Siberut, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistics
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Endemic Fauna Of Borneo")
_male_in_flight.jpg "Click for more on -> Butterflies Of Borneo")
