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Trochulus Coelomphalus
''Trochulus'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily subfamily Trochulininae of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. Taxonomy ''Trichia'' Hartmann, 1840 is a junior synonym of ''Trochulus'' Chemnitz, 1786. Nearly every malacological work prior to 2006 used the name ''Trichia'' instead of the (now considered valid) name ''Trochulus''. The genus ''Plicuteria'' Schileyko, 1978 has been once recognized as a subgenus within ''Trochulus'' by Schileyko (1978). Based on molecular analyses, ''Trochulus lubomirski'' does not belong to the genus ''Trochulus''. ''Trochulus lubomirski'' (Ślósarski, 1881) is now recognized as ''Plicuteria lubomirski'' (Ślósarski, 1881). Species The speciation centre for the genus ''Trochulus'' is in the Alps. The type species of this genus is ''Trochulus hispidus''. Species within the genus ''Trochulus'' include: * '' Trochulus alpicola'' (Eder, 1921) * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trochulus Hispidus
''Trochulus hispidus'', previously known as ''Trichia hispida'', common name, the "hairy snail", is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. Distribution This species occurs in a number of European countries and islands including: Western Europe: * The British Isles: Great Britain and Ireland * Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg * Faroe Islands * France * Switzerland, Liechtenstein Northern Europe: * Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland Central Europe: * Austria, Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania Southern Europe: * Andorra, Spain, Italy, Bulgaria Eastern Europe: * Moldova * Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania * UkraineBalashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. 2012. An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine. ''Journal of Conchology''. 41 (1): 91-109. * Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) Description The 3-6 x 5-11 mm shell has 5-6 moderately conve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within lineages. Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book ''On the Origin of Species''. He also identified sexual selection as a likely mechanism, but found it problematic. There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric speciation, allopatric, peripatric speciation, peripatric, parapatric speciation, parapatric, and sympatric speciation, sympatric. Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments of speciation, laboratory experiments. Whether genetic drift is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject of much ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trochulus Villosus
''Trochulus villosus'' is a species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae Hygromiidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea. Helicellidae Ihering, 1909 Anatomy Some snails in genera within this family create ..., the hairy snails and their allies. Distribution This species occurs in Germany. References External links * http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/species?id=2678 * http://www.mollbase.org/list/index.php?aktion=zeige_taxon&id=871 Hygromiidae Gastropods described in 1805 {{Hygromiidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plicuteria Lubomirski
''Plicuteria lubomirski'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. Taxonomy The spelling of the name is currently disputed. In the original source the name was spelled ''Helix'' (''Fruticicola'') ''Lubomirski'', to be corrected to ''lubomirski'' under the ICZN Code. Later many authors spelled the name ''lubomirskii'', but some other authors used the spelling ''lubomirski''. The 4th edition of the Code (effective since 2000) gives no clear ruling (previous editions of the Code had a clear ruling that ''lubomirski'' was the correct form), so this case will remain disputed. Schileyko (1978)Schileyko A. A. (February 1978) "On the systematics of ''Trichia'' s. lat. (Pulmonata: Helicoidea: Hygromiidae)". '' Malacologia''171)156. placed this species in the subgenus ''Plicuteria'' Schileyko, 1978. However, based on molecular analyses, this species may not actually belong in the gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malacologia
''Malacologia'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of malacology, the study of mollusks. The journal publishes articles in the fields of molluscan systematics, ecology, population ecology, genetics, molecular genetics, evolution, and phylogenetics. The journal specializes in publishing long papers and monographs. The journal publishes at least one, sometimes two, volumes of about 400 pages per year, which may consist of 1 or 2 issues. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports,'' its 2019 impact factor is 13.5. This ranks ''Malacologia'' 1st out of 145 listed journals in the category "Zoology". The journal started publication in 1962. See also *''Archiv für Molluskenkunde'' *''Basteria'' *''Journal of Conchology'' *''Journal of Molluscan Studies The ''Journal of Molluscan Studies'' is the peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Malacological Society of London, covering research in malacology. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plicuteria
''Plicuteria lubomirski'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. Taxonomy The spelling of the name is currently disputed. In the original source the name was spelled ''Helix'' (''Fruticicola'') ''Lubomirski'', to be corrected to ''lubomirski'' under the ICZN Code. Later many authors spelled the name ''lubomirskii'', but some other authors used the spelling ''lubomirski''. The 4th edition of the Code (effective since 2000) gives no clear ruling (previous editions of the Code had a clear ruling that ''lubomirski'' was the correct form), so this case will remain disputed. Schileyko (1978)Schileyko A. A. (February 1978) "On the systematics of ''Trichia'' s. lat. (Pulmonata: Helicoidea: Hygromiidae)". '' Malacologia''171)156. placed this species in the subgenus ''Plicuteria'' Schileyko, 1978. However, based on molecular analyses, this species may not actually belong in the gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malacological
Malacology is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (mollusks or molluscs), the second-largest phylum of animals in terms of described species after the arthropods. Mollusks include snails and slugs, clams, and cephalopods, along with numerous other kinds, many of which have shells. One division of malacology, conchology, is devoted to the study of mollusk shells. Malacology derives . Fields within malacological research include taxonomy, ecology and evolution. Applied malacology studies medical, veterinary, and agricultural applications; for example, mollusks as vectors of disease, as in schistosomiasis. Archaeology employs malacology to understand the evolution of the climate, the biota of the area, and the usage of the site. In 1681, Filippo Bonanni wrote the first book ever published that was solely about seashells, the shells of marine mollusks. The book was entitled: In 1868, the German Malacological Society was founded. Zoological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulletin Of Zoological Nomenclature
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is an organization dedicated to "achieving stability and sense in the scientific naming of animals". Founded in 1895, it currently comprises 26 commissioners from 20 countries. Organization The ICZN is governed by the "Constitution of the ICZN", which is usually published together with the ICZN Code. Members are elected by the Section of Zoological Nomenclature, established by the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS). The regular term of service of a member of the Commission is six years. Members can be re-elected up to a total of three full six-year terms in a row. After 18 continuous years of elected service, a break of at least three years is prescribed before the member can stand again for election. Activities Since 2014, the work of the Commission is supported by a small secretariat based at the National University of Singapore, in Singapore. Previously, the secretariat was based in London and fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junior Synonym
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called ''Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, ''Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refers to a taxon at that rank - for example, the name ''Papilio prorsa'' Linnaeus, 1758 is a junior synonym of ''Papilio levana'' Linnaeus, 1758, being names for different seasonal forms of the species now referred to as ''Araschnia lev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, and re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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