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Trito-Isaiah
The Book of Isaiah ( he, ספר ישעיהו, ) is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible and the first of the Major Prophets in the Christian Old Testament. It is identified by a superscription as the words of the 8th-century BCE prophet Isaiah ben Amoz, but there is extensive evidence that much of it was composed during the Babylonian captivity and later. Johann Christoph Döderlein suggested in 1775 that the book contained the works of two prophets separated by more than a century, and Bernhard Duhm originated the view, held as a consensus through most of the 20th century, that the book comprises three separate collections of oracles: Proto-Isaiah ( chapters 1– 39), containing the words of the 8th-century BCE prophet Isaiah; Deutero-Isaiah ( chapters 40– 55), the work of an anonymous 6th-century BCE author writing during the Exile; and Trito-Isaiah ( chapters 56– 66), composed after the return from Exile. Isaiah 1– 33 promises judgment and restoration for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernhard Duhm
Bernhard Lauardus Duhm (October 10, 1847 – November 1, 1928) was a German Lutheran theologian, born in Bingum, today part of Leer, East Frisia. He was a member of the history of religions school. Early life and education Duhm studied theology at the University of Göttingen, where he had as instructors Albrecht Ritschl (1822–1889), Heinrich Ewald (1803–1875) and Julius Wellhausen (1844–1918), with the latter becoming a good friend and colleague to Duhm. In 1873, he became a lecturer at the University of Göttingen and subsequently an associate professor of Old Testament studies (1877). In 1888, he relocated to the University of Basel, where he was one of the more influential Old Testament scholars of his time. Work Duhm is remembered for his exegetical work on the prophets of the Old Testament, particularly studies dealing with the complexities of the Books of Jeremiah and Isaiah. He pioneered the theory of multiple authors of the Book of Isaiah and was the first t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaiah 66
Isaiah 66 is the sixty-sixth and final chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Book of the Prophets.Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. ''The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI''. Nashville: Abingdon. Chapters 56–66 are often referred to as ''Trito-Isaiah''. This chapter contains an oracle delivered after the temple in Jerusalem had been re-built following the Jewish peoples' return from exile, and warns against "an unduly materialistic" approach to the worship of God. Text The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 24 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaiah 56
Isaiah 56 is the fifty-sixth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. ''The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI''. Nashville: Abingdon. Chapter 56 is the first chapter of the final section of the Book of Isaiah, often referred to as ''Trito-Isaiah''. Text The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 12 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later): * 1QIsaa: complete * 1QIsab: extant: verses 1‑12 * 4QIsah (4Q62): exta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Christoph Döderlein
Johann Christoph Döderlein or Doederlein (20 January 1745 in Windsheim2 December 1792 in Jena) was a German Protestant theologian. As professor of theology at Jena from 1782, he was celebrated for his varied learning, for his eloquence as a preacher, and for the important influence he exerted in guiding the transition movement from strict orthodoxy to a freer theology. His most important work ''Institutio theologi christiani nostris temporibus accommodata'' was published in 1780. In his 1775 work ''Esaias, ex recensione textus hebraei'', Döderlein was the first to hypothesize that the book of Isaiah was composed over many hundreds of years, containing texts from both an 8th-century prophet named Isaiah (chapters 1-39) and an unnamed prophet of the 6th century (chapters 40-66), who would come to be known in scholarship as "Deutero-Isaiah." A few decades later, Bernhard Duhm would split Deutero-Isaiah into two units, an earlier Deutero-Isaiah (chapters 40-55) and a later Trito- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Isaiah Scroll
The Isaiah Scroll, designated 1QIsaa and also known as the Great Isaiah Scroll, is one of the seven Dead Sea Scrolls that were first discovered by Bedouin shepherds in 1946 from Qumran Cave 1. The scroll is written in Hebrew and contains the entire Book of Isaiah from beginning to end, apart from a few small damaged portions.The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls: The Great Isaiah Scroll ''dss.collections.imj.org'' It is the oldest complete copy of the , being approximately 1000 years older than the oldest manuscripts known before the scrolls' dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handel's Messiah
''Messiah'' (HWV 56) is an English-language oratorio composed in 1741 by George Frideric Handel. The text was compiled from the King James Bible and the Coverdale Psalter by Charles Jennens. It was first performed in Dublin on 13 April 1742 and received its London premiere nearly a year later. After an initially modest public reception, the oratorio gained in popularity, eventually becoming one of the best-known and most frequently performed choral works in Western music. Handel's reputation in England, where he had lived since 1712, had been established through his compositions of Italian opera. He turned to English oratorio in the 1730s in response to changes in public taste; ''Messiah'' was his sixth work in this genre. Although its structure resembles that of opera, it is not in dramatic form; there are no impersonations of characters and no direct speech. Instead, Jennens's text is an extended reflection on Jesus as the Messiah called Christ. The text begins in Part I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swords To Ploughshares
Swords to ploughshares (or plowshares) is a concept in which military weapons or technologies are converted for peaceful civilian applications. The phrase originates from the Book of Isaiah chapter 2: The ''ploughshare'' ( ''’êṯ'', also translated '' coulter'') is often used to symbolize creative tools that benefit humankind, as opposed to destructive tools of war, symbolized by the ''sword'' ( ''ḥereḇ''), a similar sharp metal tool with an arguably opposite use. In addition to the original Biblical Messianic intent, the expression "beat swords into ploughshares" has been used by disparate social and political groups. An ongoing example as of 2013 is the dismantling of nuclear weapons and the use of their contents as fuel in civilian electric power stations, the Megatons to Megawatts Program. Nuclear fission development, originally accelerated for World War II weapons needs, has been applied to many civilian purposes since its use at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, includi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voice In The Wilderness (other)
Voice in the Wilderness or a lone voice in the wilderness is an English idiom for someone who expresses an idea or opinion that is not popular or that the individual is the sole person expressing that particular opinion with the suggestion that the opinion is then ignored. It is from the King James Bible, , , "... voice of one crying in the wilderness ..." and "The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness ...". Voice in the Wilderness may refer to: * "A Voice in the Wilderness" (song), a song by Cliff Richard from the 1959 film ''Expresso Bongo'' * "A Voice in the Wilderness" (''Babylon 5''), a 1994 television episode * ''A Voice Crying in the Wilderness: Notes from a Secret Journal'', a 1989 book by Edward Abbey * '' Voices in the Wilderness'', 2003 album * ''Voices in the Wilderness'' (organization) The Latin of the Vulgate Version, "Vox clamantis in deserto" may refer to: * ''Vox Clamantis'', a 14th-century poem by John Gower about the Peasants' Rising * The motto of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nevi'im
Nevi'im (; he, נְבִיאִים ''Nəvīʾīm'', Tiberian: ''Năḇīʾīm,'' "Prophets", literally "spokespersons") is the second major division of the Hebrew Bible (the ''Tanakh''), lying between the Torah (instruction) and Ketuvim (writings). The Nevi'im are divided into two groups. The Former Prophets ( he, נביאים ראשונים ''Nevi'im Rishonim'') consists of the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings; while the Latter Prophets ( he, נביאים אחרונים ''Nevi'im Akharonim'') include the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets. Synopsis The Jewish tradition counts a total of eight books in ''Nevi'im'' out of a total of 24 books in the entire Tanakh: there are four books of the Former Prophets, including Joshua and Judges; the collected ''Books of Samuel'' and ''Books of Kings'' are each counted as one book. Among the four books of the Latter Prophets, the major prophets (Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel) account f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrus The Great
Cyrus II of Persia (; peo, 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 ), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian empire. Schmitt Achaemenid dynasty (i. The clan and dynasty) Under his rule, the empire embraced all of the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East, expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of Western Asia and much of Central Asia. Spanning from the Mediterranean Sea and Hellespont in the west to the Indus River in the east, the empire created by Cyrus was the largest the world had yet seen. At its maximum extent under his successors, the Achaemenid Empire stretched from parts of the Balkans ( Eastern Bulgaria– Paeonia and Thrace– Macedonia) and Southeast Europe proper in the west to the Indus Valley in the east. The reign of Cyrus lasted about thirty years; his empire took root with his conquest of the Median Empire followed by the Lydian Empire and eventually the Neo-Babylonian Empire. He also led an expedit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
30 Rockefeller
3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime preceding a square number. It has religious or cultural significance in many societies. Evolution of the Arabic digit The use of three lines to denote the number 3 occurred in many writing systems, including some (like Roman and Chinese numerals) that are still in use. That was also the original representation of 3 in the Brahmic (Indian) numerical notation, its earliest forms aligned vertically. However, during the Gupta Empire the sign was modified by the addition of a curve on each line. The Nāgarī script rotated the lines clockwise, so they appeared horizontally, and ended each line with a short downward stroke on the right. In cursive script, the three strokes were eventually connected to form a glyph resembling a with an additional stroke at the bottom: ३. The Indian digits spread to the Caliphate in the 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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