Trigger Law
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Trigger Law
A trigger law is a law that is unenforceable but may achieve enforceability if a key change in circumstances occurs. United States Abortion In the United States, thirteen states, Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming, enacted trigger laws that would automatically ban (medically unnecessary) abortion in the first and second trimesters if the landmark case ''Roe v. Wade'' were overturned. As ''Roe v. Wade'' was overturned on June 24, 2022, some of these laws are now in effect, and presumably enforceable. Other states' trigger laws will take effect 30 days after the overturn date, and others take effect upon certification by either the governor or attorney general. Illinois formerly had a trigger law (enacted in 1975) but repealed it in 2017. Nine states, among them Alabama, Arizona, Michigan, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, as well as the already mentioned Arkansas, Mississippi, Okla ...
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US State Abortion Trigger Laws
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americans ...
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Center For Reproductive Rights
The Center for Reproductive Rights (CRR) is a global legal advocacy organization that seeks to advance reproductive rights, such as abortion. The organization's stated mission is to "use the law to advance reproductive freedom as a fundamental human right that all governments are legally obligated to protect, respect, and fulfill." Founded by Janet Benshoof in 1992, its original name was the Center for Reproductive Law and Policy. The Center for Reproductive Rights is headquartered in New York City. The Center continually monitors the treatment of reproductive rights in various media in the U.S. and abroad. CharityWatch rates the Center for Reproductive Rights "B+". History In July 2011, the CRR filed suit against the state of North Dakota over a state law that would ban all medical abortions. In July 2013, the CRR, along with the Red River Women's Clinic, filed a lawsuit against the enactment of so-called "fetal heartbeat", genetic, and sex selection restrictions on abortions. ...
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Medicaid
Medicaid in the United States is a federal and state program that helps with healthcare costs for some people with limited income and resources. Medicaid also offers benefits not normally covered by Medicare, including nursing home care and personal care services. The main difference between the two programs is that Medicaid covers healthcare costs for people with low incomes while Medicare provides health coverage for the elderly. There are also dual health plans for people who have both Medicaid and Medicare. The Health Insurance Association of America describes Medicaid as "a government insurance program for persons of all ages whose income and resources are insufficient to pay for health care." Medicaid is the largest source of funding for medical and health-related services for people with low income in the United States, providing free health insurance to 74 million low-income and disabled people (23% of Americans) as of 2017, as well as paying for half of all U.S. births i ...
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Affordable Care Act
The Affordable Care Act (ACA), formally known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and colloquially known as Obamacare, is a landmark U.S. federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 amendment, it represents the U.S. healthcare system's most significant regulatory overhaul and expansion of coverage since the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. The ACA's major provisions came into force in 2014. By 2016, the uninsured share of the population had roughly halved, with estimates ranging from 20 to 24 million additional people covered. The law also enacted a host of delivery system reforms intended to constrain healthcare costs and improve quality. After it went into effect, increases in overall healthcare spending slowed, including premiums for employer-based insurance plans. The increased coverage was due, ...
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WUNC (FM)
WUNC (91.5 MHz) is a listener-supported public radio station, serving the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. It is licensed to Chapel Hill and is operated by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. On weekdays, WUNC carries National Public Radio, American Public Media, Public Radio Exchange, and BBC programming in an "all-news-and-information" format, including shows such as ''All Things Considered'', ''Morning Edition'' and ''Fresh Air''. On weekends, in addition to NPR weekend shows, WUNC broadcasts locally produced folk music programming. The longest-running continuously produced program offered by the station is ''Back Porch Music'', a weekly folk and traditional music program. WUNC holds periodic on-air fundraisers seeking listener contributions. The station operates five full-service FM repeater stations, WFSS from Fayetteville on 91.9; WRQM from Rocky Mount on 90.9; WBUX from Buxton on 90.5; WUND-FM from Columbia on 88.9; and WUNW-FM from Welcome o ...
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Abortion In North Carolina
As of July 1, 2023, abortion in North Carolina is currently legal during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Abortion related legislation existed in North Carolina by 1900, which included a therapeutic exception. National research carried out in 1967 included North Carolina data to derive estimates related to abortion procedures. State Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP) laws were in place by 2013. North Carolina abortion laws have been before the federal judiciary, including in March 2019 when U.S. District Judge William Osteen formally struck down North Carolina's life of the mother only 20-week abortion ban. The number of abortion-providing facilities in North Carolina, including freestanding abortion clinics, has declined over the years, with: 114 facilities providing abortions in 1982, 86 facilities providing abortions in 1992, 27 facilities providing abortions in 2014 (16 of which were freestanding abortion clinics), and 26 facilities providing abortions in 2017 ...
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Abortion In Wisconsin
Elective abortions in Wisconsin became illegal after the overturning of ''Roe v. Wade'' by the Supreme Court of the United States on June 24, 2022. An 1849 law bans the procedure in all cases except when the life of the mother is in danger. The enforceability of the law is disputed and being considered by the state courts. 53% of Wisconsin adults said in a poll in 2014 by the Pew Research Center that abortion should be legal in all or most cases with 45% saying it should be illegal in all or most cases. The Center for Reproductive Rights labels the state as hostile towards abortion rights, e.g. 20-week ban, telemedicine ban, TRAP requirements, admitting privileges requirement, transfer agreement requirement, reporting requirement, parental consent required, mandatory counseling, mandatory ultrasound, and waiting period requirements. History Legislative history In 1849, the state legislature passed a law that criminalized abortion, making it a felony for a doctor to perform a ...
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Abortion In West Virginia
Abortion in West Virginia is illegal, with few exceptions. The number of clinics in West Virginia has declined steeply from the original nineteen over the years, with ten in 1982, five in 1992, two in 2014, and one in 2017. There were 1,730 legal abortions in 2014, and 1,516 in 2015. On September 13, 2022, West Virginia passed a near-total abortion ban in both houses of its legislature. Governor Jim Justice signed the bill into law on September 16, 2022. The near-total ban on abortions is currently being challenged in court. Legislative and judicial history West Virginia's primary abortion statute is a holdover from a Virginia law passed in 1848. The statute reads: In ''Roe v. Wade'' (1973,) the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that states could no longer regulate abortion in the first trimester. (However, the Supreme Court overturned ''Roe v. Wade'' in ''Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization'', later in 2022.) Following this, the above statute was declared un ...
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Abortion In Michigan
Abortion in Michigan is legal until fetal viability. A state constitutional amendment to explicitly guarantee abortion rights was placed on the ballot in 2022 as 2022 Michigan Proposal 3, Michigan Proposal 22–3; it passed by 57 percent, adding the right to abortion and contraceptive use to the Michigan Constitution. The amendment largely prevents the regulation of abortion before fetal viability, unless said regulations are to protect the individual seeking abortion care, and it also makes it unconstitutional to make laws restricting abortions which would protect the life and health, physical and/or mental, of the pregnant individual seeking abortion. A 1931 law criminalized abortion except when the mother's life was in danger, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in ''Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization'' would have allowed that law to go back into effect, but on September 7, 2022, a Michigan Court of Claims judge ruled that that law violated the Michigan constitution. The ...
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Abortion In Arizona
Abortion in Arizona is currently legal for up to 15 weeks gestation. As a territory, Arizona originally banned abortion in 1864, and although it became unenforceable after the decision in ''Roe v. Wade'', the law has remained on the books ever since. The enforcement of the total ban was prevented by an injunction in the 1973 case ''Nelson v. Planned Parenthood'', which based its decision solely on ''Roe''. The ''Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization'' decision overturned ''Roe''. The injunction, which was lifted on September 23, 2022, by a superior court judge in Pima County, was temporarily reinstated by the Arizona Court of Appeals on October 7, 2022. On December 30, 2022, the Arizona Court of Appeals ruled that the criminal penalties of the 1864 law could not be enforced. In a 2014 poll by Pew Research Center, 49% of Arizona adults said that abortion should be legal in all or most cases with 47% saying it should be illegal in all or most cases. In a 2022 poll of 938 reg ...
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Abortion In Alabama
Abortion in Alabama is illegal. Under section 26-23H-4 of the Code of Alabama in the U.S. state of Alabama, it is unlawful for an abortion to be performed unless it is deemed absolutely necessary in order to prevent a serious health risk to the woman. There are no exceptions for rape or incest. Since 2014, multiple attempts were made to criminalize abortion after detection of embryonic cardiac activity (commonly referred to as a 'fetal heartbeat'),The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists states that:They also argue that the term 'fetal heartbeat' should be replaced witACOG Guide to Language and Abortion/ref> effectively banning any abortion beyond 21 days after fertilization. These attempts were unsuccessful, largely due to the extremely early deadline being perceived as an implicit violation of the right to abortion established by ''Roe v. Wade''. (Though it has now been established that there is no constitutional right to abortion) Following the confirmation of Bret ...
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Harvard Law Review
The ''Harvard Law Review'' is a law review published by an independent student group at Harvard Law School. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the ''Harvard Law Review''s 2015 impact factor of 4.979 placed the journal first out of 143 journals in the category "Law". It is published monthly from November through June, with the November issue dedicated to covering the previous year's term of the Supreme Court of the United States. The journal also publishes the online-only ''Harvard Law Review Forum'', a rolling journal of scholarly responses to the main journal's content. The law review is one of three honors societies at the law school, along with the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau and the Board of Student Advisors. Students who are selected for more than one of these three organizations may only join one. The Harvard Law Review Association, in conjunction with the ''Columbia Law Review'', the ''University of Pennsylvania Law Review'', and the '' Yale Law Journal'', publi ...
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