|
Tridecane
Tridecane or ''n''-tridecane is an alkane with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)11CH3. Tridecane is a combustible colourless liquid. In industry, they have no specific value aside from being components of various fuels and solvents. In the research laboratory, tridecane is also used as a distillation chaser. Natural occurrence Nymphs of the southern green shield bug produce tridecane as a dispersion/aggregation pheromone, which possibly serves as a defense against predator Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill th ...s. It is also the main component of the defensive fluid produced by the stink bug '' Cosmopepla bimaculata''. See also * Higher alkanes * List of isomers of tridecane References External links Material Safety Data Sheet for TridecanePhytochemical and Ethnobo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Isomers Of Tridecane
This is the list of the 802 isomers of tridecane, with their IUPAC names. Straight Chain * Tridecane With dodecane backbone * 2-Methyldodecane * 3-Methyldodecane * 4-Methyldodecane * 5-Methyldodecane * 6-Methyldodecane With undecane backbone Dimethyl * 2,2-Dimethylundecane * 2,3-Dimethylundecane * 2,4-Dimethylundecane * 2,5-Dimethylundecane * 2,6-Dimethylundecane * 2,7-Dimethylundecane * 2,8-Dimethylundecane * 2,9-Dimethylundecane * 2,10-Dimethylundecane * 3,3-Dimethylundecane * 3,4-Dimethylundecane * 3,5-Dimethylundecane * 3,6-Dimethylundecane * 3,7-Dimethylundecane * 3,8-Dimethylundecane * 3,9-Dimethylundecane * 4,4-Dimethylundecane * 4,5-Dimethylundecane * 4,6-Dimethylundecane * 4,7-Dimethylundecane * 4,8-Dimethylundecane * 5,5-Dimethylundecane * 5,6-Dimethylundecane * 5,7-Dimethylundecane * 6,6-Dimethylundecane Ethyl * 3-Ethylundecane * 4-Ethylundecane * 5-Ethylundecane * 6-Ethylundecane With decane backbone Trimethyl * 2,2,3-Trimethyldecane * 2,2,4-Trimethyldecane * 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dodecane
Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12, or duodecane) is an oily liquid ''n''-alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C12H26 (which has 355 isomers). It is used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and scintillator component. It is used as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in nuclear reprocessing plants. Combustion reaction The combustion reaction of dodecane is as follows: :2 C12H26(''l'') + 37 O2(''g'') → 24 CO2(''g'') + 26 H2O(''g'') : Δ''H''° = −7513 kJ One litre of fuel needs about 15 kg of air to burn, and generates 2.3 kg (or 1.2 m3) of CO2 upon complete combustion. Jet fuel surrogate In recent years, ''n''-dodecane has garnered attention as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A, S-8, and other conventional aviation fuels. It is considered a second-generation fuel surrogate designed to emulate the laminar flame speed, largely supplanting ''n''-decane, primarily due to its higher molecular mass and l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetradecane
Tetradecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)12CH3. Tetradecane has 1858 structural isomers. See also * Higher alkanes Higher alkanes are alkanes having nine or more carbon atoms. Nonane is the lightest alkane to have a flash point above 25 °C, and is not classified as dangerously flammable. The term ''higher alkanes'' is sometimes used literally as "alkanes ... * List of isomers of tetradecane References External links Material Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane * http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/chemical.pl?TETRADECANE Alkanes {{hydrocarbon-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkane
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical trivial name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single. Alkanes have the general chemical formula . The alkanes range in complexity from the simplest case of methane (), where ''n'' = 1 (sometimes called the parent molecule), to arbitrarily large and complex molecules, like pentacontane () or 6-ethyl-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) octane, an isomer of tetradecane (). The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines alkanes as "acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms". However, some sources use the term to denote ''any'' saturated hydrocarbon, including those that are either monocyclic (i.e. the cycloalkanes) or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Higher Alkanes
Higher alkanes are alkanes having nine or more carbon atoms. Nonane is the lightest alkane to have a flash point above 25 °C, and is not classified as dangerously flammable. The term ''higher alkanes'' is sometimes used literally as "alkanes with a higher number of carbon atoms". One definition distinguishes the higher alkanes as the n-alkanes that are solid under natural conditions. Uses Alkanes from nonane to hexadecane (those alkanes with nine to sixteen carbon atoms) are liquids of higher viscosity, which are less suitable for use in gasoline. They form instead the major part of diesel and aviation fuel. Diesel fuels are characterised by their cetane number, cetane being an older name for hexadecane. However the higher melting points of these alkanes can cause problems at low temperatures and in polar regions, where the fuel becomes too thick to flow correctly. Mixtures of the normal alkanes are used as boiling point standards for simulated distillation by gas chroma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkanes
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical trivial name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single. Alkanes have the general chemical formula . The alkanes range in complexity from the simplest case of methane (), where ''n'' = 1 (sometimes called the parent molecule), to arbitrarily large and complex molecules, like pentacontane () or 6-ethyl-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) octane, an isomer of tetradecane (). The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines alkanes as "acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms". However, some sources use the term to denote ''any'' saturated hydrocarbon, including those that are either monocyclic (i.e. the cycloalkanes) or po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Formula
In chemistry, a chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and ''plus'' (+) and ''minus'' (−) signs. These are limited to a single typographic line of symbols, which may include Subscript and superscript, subscripts and superscripts. A chemical formula is not a chemical nomenclature, chemical name, and it contains no words. Although a chemical formula may imply certain simple chemical structures, it is not the same as a full chemical structural formula. Chemical formulae can fully specify the structure of only the simplest of molecules and chemical substances, and are generally more limited in power than chemical names and structural formulae. The simplest types of chemical formulae are called ''empirical formulae'', which use letters and numbers ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distillation Chaser
Distillation, or classical distillation, is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation, usually inside an apparatus known as a still. Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products (which may condense into liquids or solids); this may involve chemical changes such as destructive distillation or cracking. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (resulting in nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components; in either case, the process exploits differences in the relative volatility of the mixture's components. In industrial applications, distillation is a unit operation of practically universal importance, but is a physical separation process, not a chemical reaction. An installation used for distillation, especially of distilled beverages, is a distillery. Distillation includes the fol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nezara Viridula
''Nezara viridula'', commonly known as the southern green stink bug (USA), southern green shield bug (UK) or green vegetable bug (Australia and New Zealand), is a plant-feeding stink bug. Believed to have originated in Ethiopia, it can now be found around the world.Squitier J.M. (1997, updated 2007) Southern green stink bug»Featured creatures, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural services. Because of its preference for certain species of legumes, such as beans and soybeans, it is an economically important pest on such crops. Description The adult males can reach a body length (from front to elytral apex) of about , while females are bigger, reaching a size of about . The body is usually bright green and shield-shaped and the eyes are usually reddish, but they may also be black. There is a row of three white spots on the scutellum. They differ from the similar green stink bug (''Chinavia hilare'') by the shape of their scent gland openings, which are shor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pheromone
A pheromone () is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting like hormones outside the body of the secreting individual, to affect the behavior of the receiving individuals. There are ''alarm signal, alarm pheromones'', ''food trail pheromones'', ''sex pheromones'', and many others that affect behavior or physiology. Pheromones are used by many organisms, from basic unicellular prokaryotes to complex multicellular eukaryotes. Their use among insects has been particularly well documented. In addition, some vertebrates, plants and ciliates communicate by using pheromones. The ecological functions and evolution of pheromones are a major topic of research in the field of chemical ecology. Background The portmanteau word "pheromone" was coined by Peter Karlson and Martin Lüscher in 1959, based on the Greek φερω ''pheroo'' ('I carry') and ὁρμων ''hormon'' ('stimulating'). P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Predator
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill the host) and parasitoidism (which always does, eventually). It is distinct from scavenging on dead prey, though many predators also scavenge; it overlaps with herbivory, as seed predators and destructive frugivores are predators. Predators may actively search for or pursue prey or wait for it, often concealed. When prey is detected, the predator assesses whether to attack it. This may involve ambush or pursuit predation, sometimes after stalking the prey. If the attack is successful, the predator kills the prey, removes any inedible parts like the shell or spines, and eats it. Predators are adapted and often highly specialized for hunting, with acute senses such as vision, hearing, or smell. Many predatory animals, both vertebrate and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosmopepla Bimaculata
''Cosmopepla lintneriana'', the twice-stabbed stink bug, is a species of insect in the family Pentatomidae. ''Cosmopepla lintneriana'' was first described in 1798 by Johan Christian Fabricius as ''Cimex carnifex'', and then again in 1865 by Thomas Say as ''Cosmopepla bimaculata''. ''Cosmopepla lintneriana'' is hosted by a variety of plants, including milk thistle, echinacea, asparagus, oats, mint and goldenrod, and is widespread throughout North America, from Canada to Mexico. Adult ''C. lintneriana'' are black with a red, orange, or yellow band across the pronotum The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum (dorsal), the prosternum (ventral), and the propleuron (lateral) on ea ... and a short red stripe along the midline, and two red spots at the apex of the scutellum. Nymph coloration ranges from red to white with black markings that change as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_with_its_prey.jpg "Click for more on -> Predator")
