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Trichomonad
Trichomonadida is an order of anaerobic protists, included with the parabasalids. Members of this order are referred to as trichomonads. Some organisms in this order include: *''Trichomonas vaginalis'', an organism living inside the vagina of humans *''Dientamoeba fragilis'', parasitic ameboid in humans *''Histomonas meleagridis'', parasite that causes blackhead disease in poultry *''Mixotricha paradoxa'', a symbiotic organism inside termites, host of endosymbionts Anatomy Species in this order typically have four to six flagella at the cell's apical pole, one of which is recurrent - that is, it runs along a surface wave, giving the aspect of an undulating membrane. Like other parabasalids, they typically have an axostyle, a pelta, a costa, and parabasal bodies. In ''Histomonas'' only one flagellum and a reduced axostyle are found, and in ''Dientamoeba'', both are absent. Behavior Most species are either parasites or other endosymbionts of animals. Trichomonads reprod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixotricha Paradoxa
''Mixotricha paradoxa'' is a species of protozoan that lives inside the gut of the Australian termite species ''Mastotermes darwiniensis''. It is composed of five different organisms: three bacterial ectosymbionts live on its surface for locomotion and at least one endosymbiont lives inside to help digest cellulose in wood to produce acetate for its host(s). ''Mixotricha'' lost their mitochondria but retained both organelles and nuclear genes derived from them. Discovery The name was given by the Australian biologist J.L. Sutherland, who first described ''Mixotricha'' in 1933. The name means "the paradoxical being with mixed-up hairs" because this protist has both cilia and flagella, which was not supposed to be the case with protists where they were supposed to have one or the other but not both. Behavior ''Mixotricha'' is a species of protozoan that lives inside the gut of the Australian termite species ''Mastotermes darwiniensis'' and has multiple bacterial symbionts. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichomonadidae
Trichomonadidae is a family of anaerobic protozoa. Many of its members are parasitic Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has c ..., causing disease in humans or domestic animals. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10384711 Excavata families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parabasalid
The parabasalids are a group of flagellated protists within the supergroup Excavata. Most of these eukaryotic organisms form a symbiotic relationship in animals. These include a variety of forms found in the intestines of termites and cockroaches, many of which have symbiotic bacteria that help them digest cellulose in woody plants. Other species within this supergroup are known parasites, and include human pathogens. Characteristics The flagella are arranged in one or more clusters near the anterior of the cell. Their basal bodies are linked to parabasal fibers that attach to prominent Golgi complexes, distinctive to the group. Usually they also give rise to a sheet of cross-like microtubules that runs down the center of the cell and in some cases projects past the end. This is called the axostyle, but is different in structure from the axostyles of oxymonads. Parabasalids are anaerobic, and lack mitochondria, but this is now known to be a result of secondary loss, and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dientamoeba
''Dientamoeba fragilis'' is a species of single-celled excavates found in the gastrointestinal tract of some humans, pigs and gorillas. It causes gastrointestinal upset in some people, but not in others. It is an important cause of travellers diarrhoea, chronic diarrhoea, fatigue and, in children, failure to thrive. Despite this, its role as a "commensal, pathobiont, or pathogen" is still debated. ''D. fragilis'' is one of the smaller parasites that are able to live in the human intestine. ''Dientamoeba fragilis'' cells are able to survive and move in fresh feces but are sensitive to aerobic environments. They dissociate when in contact or placed in saline, tap water or distilled water. Etymology * Di refers to the two nuclei in the trophozoites (feeding stage of the organism). * Ent refers to the enteric environment in which the organism is found. * The species name ''fragilis'' refers to the fact that the trophozoite stages are fragile; they do not survive long in the stool af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dientamoeba Fragilis
''Dientamoeba fragilis'' is a species of single-celled excavates found in the gastrointestinal tract of some humans, pigs and gorillas. It causes gastrointestinal upset in some people, but not in others. It is an important cause of travellers diarrhoea, chronic diarrhoea, fatigue and, in children, failure to thrive. Despite this, its role as a "commensal, pathobiont, or pathogen" is still debated. ''D. fragilis'' is one of the smaller parasites that are able to live in the human intestine. ''Dientamoeba fragilis'' cells are able to survive and move in fresh feces but are sensitive to aerobic environments. They dissociate when in contact or placed in saline, tap water or distilled water. Etymology * Di refers to the two nuclei in the trophozoites (feeding stage of the organism). * Ent refers to the enteric environment in which the organism is found. * The species name ''fragilis'' refers to the fact that the trophozoite stages are fragile; they do not survive long in the stool af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Histomonas Meleagridis
''Histomonas meleagridis'' is a species of parasitic protozoan that infects a wide range of birds including chickens, turkeys, peafowl, quail and pheasants, causing infectious enterohepatitis, or histomoniasis (blackhead diseases). ''H. meleagridis'' can infect many birds, but it is most deadly in turkeys. It inhabits the lumen of cecum and parenchyma of liver, where it causes extensive necrosis. It is transmitted by another cecal parasite, the nematode ''Heterakis gallinarum''. Description ''H. meleagridis'' is a microscopic, pleomorphic protozoan, and can exist in two forms, amoeboid and flagellated. Within the tissue, it is present as an amoeboid protozoan, while in the lumen or free in the contents of cecum, it lives as an elongated flagellated form. The amoeboid form is typically 8-15 μm in diameter, whereas the flagellated form can reach up to 30 μm in diameter.Griffiths HJ (1978). ''A Handbook of Veterinary Parasitology: Domestic Animals of North America''. Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Histomonas
''Histomonas meleagridis'' is a species of parasitic protozoan that infects a wide range of birds including chickens, turkeys, peafowl, quail and pheasants, causing infectious enterohepatitis, or histomoniasis (blackhead diseases). ''H. meleagridis'' can infect many birds, but it is most deadly in turkeys. It inhabits the lumen of cecum and parenchyma of liver, where it causes extensive necrosis. It is transmitted by another cecal parasite, the nematode ''Heterakis gallinarum''. Description ''H. meleagridis'' is a microscopic, pleomorphic protozoan, and can exist in two forms, amoeboid and flagellated. Within the tissue, it is present as an amoeboid protozoan, while in the lumen or free in the contents of cecum, it lives as an elongated flagellated form. The amoeboid form is typically 8-15 μm in diameter, whereas the flagellated form can reach up to 30 μm in diameter.Griffiths HJ (1978). ''A Handbook of Veterinary Parasitology: Domestic Animals of North America''. Univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axostyle
An axostyle is a sheet of microtubules found in certain protists. It arises from the bases of the flagella, sometimes projecting beyond the end of the cell, and is often flexible or contractile, and so may be involved in movement and provides support for the cell. Axostyles originate in association with a flagellar microtubular root and occur in two groups, the oxymonads and parabasalids; they have different structures and are not homologous. Within Trichomonad Trichomonadida is an order of anaerobic protists, included with the parabasalids. Members of this order are referred to as trichomonads. Some organisms in this order include: *'' Trichomonas vaginalis'', an organism living inside the vagina of ...s the axostyle has been theorised to participate in locomotion and cell adhesion, but also karyokinesis during cell division. References {{Protist Cell biology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costa Body
Costa may refer to: Biology * Rib (Latin: ''costa''), in vertebrate anatomy * Costa (botany), the central strand of a plant leaf or thallus * Costa (coral), a stony rib, part of the skeleton of a coral * Costa (entomology), the leading edge of the forewing of winged insects, as well as a part of the male clasper Organisations * Costa Coffee, a British coffee shop chain, sponsor of the book award * Costa Cruises, a leading cruise company in Europe * Costa Del Mar, an American manufacturer of polarized sunglasses * Costa Group, Australian food supplier Places * Costa, Haute-Corse, a commune on the island of Corsica *Costa Head, prominent headland on the Orkney Islands * Costa Rica, a country in Central America * Costa Mesa, California, a city in Orange County * Costa, Lajas, Puerto Rico, a barrio Other uses * Costa (surname), including origin of the name and people sharing the surname * ''Costa!'', a 2001 Dutch film from BNN * Costa Book Awards, formerly the Whitbread Book Award, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microbial Cyst
A microbial cyst is a resting or dormant stage of a microorganism, usually a bacterium or a protist or rarely an invertebrate animal, that helps the organism to survive in unfavorable environmental conditions. It can be thought of as a state of suspended animation in which the metabolic processes of the cell are slowed and the cell ceases all activities like feeding and locomotion. Encystment, the formation of the cyst, also helps the microbe to disperse easily, from one host to another or to a more favorable environment. When the encysted microbe reaches an environment favorable to its growth and survival, the cyst wall breaks down by a process known as excystation. In excystment, the exact stimulus is unknown for most protists. Unfavorable environmental conditions such as lack of nutrients or oxygen, extreme temperatures, lack of moisture and presence of toxic chemicals, which are not conducive for the growth of the microbeEugene W. Nester, Denise G. Anderson, C. Evans Roberts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trophozoite
A trophozoite (G. ''trope'', nourishment + ''zoon'', animal) is the activated, feeding stage in the life cycle of certain protozoa such as malaria-causing ''Plasmodium falciparum'' and those of the '' Giardia'' group. (The complement of the trophozoite state is the thick-walled cyst form). Life cycle stages Trophozoite and cyst stages are shown in the life cycle of '' Balantidium coli'' the causative agent of balantidiasis. In the apicomplexan life cycle the trophozoite undergoes schizogony (asexual reproduction) and develops into a schizont which contains merozoites Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is .... The trophozoite life stage of '' Giardia'' colonizes and proliferates in the small intestine. Trophozoites develop during the course of the infection into cysts whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
