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Trichlorophenol
A trichlorophenol is any organochloride of phenol that contains three covalently bonded chlorine atoms. Trichlorophenols are produced by electrophilic halogenation of phenol with chlorine. Different isomers of trichlorophenol exist according to which ring positions on the phenol contain chlorine atoms. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, for example, has two chlorine atoms in the '' ortho'' positions and one chlorine atom in the ''para'' position. There are six different isomers: * 2,3,4-Trichlorophenol * 2,3,5-Trichlorophenol * 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol * 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol * 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol * 3,4,5-Trichlorophenol See also * Chlorophenol * Dichlorophenol * Pentachlorophenol Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an organochlorine compound used as a pesticide and a disinfectant. First produced in the 1930s, it is marketed under many trade names. It can be found as pure PCP, or as the sodium salt of PCP, the latter of which diss ... References {{chemistry index Chlorobenzenes Phenols [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, also known as TCP, phenaclor, Dowicide 2S, Dowcide 2S, omal, is a chlorinated phenol that has been used as a fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, antiseptic, defoliant, and glue preservative. It is a clear to yellowish crystalline solid with a strong, phenolic odor. It decomposes on heating to produce toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and chlorine. Preparation 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol is produced industrially by the electrophilic chlorination of phenol: : Health effects In animal models, consumption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol leads to an increased incidence of lymphomas, leukemia, and liver cancer. It is classified as ''Group B2'' (probable human carcinogen) by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The technical grade of this substance may contain polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and other contaminants. Environmental effects 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol is an environmental pollutant tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is an organochloride with the molecular formula C6 H3 Cl3 O1. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol has been used as a fungicide and herbicide. References See also * Agent Orange Agent Orange is a chemical herbicide and defoliant, one of the "tactical use" Rainbow Herbicides. It was used by the U.S. military as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971. It ... * 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid * 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid {{DEFAULTSORT:Trichlorophenol, 2, 4, 5- Organochlorides Fungicides Herbicides Phenols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorophenol
A chlorophenol is any organochloride of phenol that contains one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms. There are five basic types of chlorophenols (mono- to pentachlorophenol) and 19 different chlorophenols in total when positional isomerism is taken into account. Chlorophenols are produced by electrophilic halogenation of phenol with chlorine. Most chlorophenols are solid at room temperature. They have a strong, medicinal taste and smell. Chlorophenols are commonly used as pesticides, herbicides, and disinfectants. List of chlorophenols There is a total of 19 chlorophenols, corresponding to the different ways in which chlorine atoms can be attached to the five carbons in the benzene ring of the phenol molecule, excluding the carbon atom to which the hydroxy group is attached. Monochlorophenols have three isomers because there is only one chlorine atom that can occupy one of three ring positions on the phenol molecule; 2-chlorophenol, for example, is the isomer that has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dichlorophenol
Dichlorophenols (DCPs) are any of several chemical compounds which are derivatives of phenol containing two chlorine atoms. There are six isomers: * 2,3-Dichlorophenol * 2,4-Dichlorophenol * 2,5-Dichlorophenol * 2,6-Dichlorophenol * 3,4-Dichlorophenol * 3,5-Dichlorophenol Dichlorophenols are used as intermediates in the manufacture of more complex chemical compounds, including the common herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). See also * Chlorophenol * Trichlorophenol * Pentachlorophenol Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an organochlorine compound used as a pesticide and a disinfectant. First produced in the 1930s, it is marketed under many trade names. It can be found as pure PCP, or as the sodium salt of PCP, the latter of which diss ... References Chloroarenes Phenols {{chemistry index ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organochloride
An organochloride, organochlorine compound, chlorocarbon, or chlorinated hydrocarbon is an organic compound containing at least one covalent bond, covalently bonded atom of chlorine. The chloroalkane class (alkanes with one or more hydrogens substituted by chlorine) provides common examples. The wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties of organochlorides lead to a broad range of names, applications, and properties. Organochlorine compounds have wide use in many applications, though some are of profound environmental concern, with 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, TCDD being one of the most notorious. Physical and chemical properties Chlorination reaction, Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular dam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentachlorophenol
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an organochlorine compound used as a pesticide and a disinfectant. First produced in the 1930s, it is marketed under many trade names. It can be found as pure PCP, or as the sodium salt of PCP, the latter of which dissolves easily in water. It can be biodegraded by some bacteria, including ''Sphingobium chlorophenolicum''. Uses PCP has been used as a herbicide, insecticide, fungicide, algaecide, and disinfectant and as an ingredient in antifouling paint. Some applications were in agricultural seeds (for nonfood uses), leather, masonry, wood preservation, cooling-tower water, rope, and paper. It has previously been used in the manufacture of food packaging materials. Its use has declined due to its high toxicity and slow biodegradation. Two general methods are used for preserving wood. The pressure process method involves placing wood in a pressure-treating vessel, where it is immersed in PCP and then subjected to applied pressure. In the nonpressure p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenol
Phenol (also called carbolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group () bonded to a hydroxy group (). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds. It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs. Properties Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 mL (0.895 M). Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arene Substitution Patterns
Arene substitution patterns are part of organic chemistry IUPAC nomenclature and pinpoint the position of substituents other than hydrogen in relation to each other on an aromatic hydrocarbon. ''Ortho'', ''meta'', and ''para'' substitution * In ''ortho''-substitution, two substituents occupy positions next to each other, which may be numbered 1 and 2. In the diagram, these positions are marked R and ''ortho''. * In ''meta''-substitution the substituents occupy positions 1 and 3 (corresponding to R and ''meta'' in the diagram). * In ''para''-substitution, the substituents occupy the opposite ends (positions 1 and 4, corresponding to R and ''para'' in the diagram). The toluidines serve as an example for these three types of substitution. Synthesis Electron donating groups, for example amino, hydroxyl, alkyl, and phenyl groups tend to be ''ortho''/''para''-directors, and electron withdrawing groups such as nitro, nitrile, and ketone groups, tend to be ''meta''-directors. Propert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
