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Treponema
''Treponema'' is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria. The major treponeme species of human pathogens is ''Treponema pallidum'', whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis, bejel, and yaws. ''Treponema carateum'' is the cause of pinta. '' Treponema paraluiscuniculi'' is associated with syphilis in rabbits. '' Treponema succinifaciens'' has been found in the gut microbiome of traditional rural human populations. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Unassigned species: * ''Treponema calligyrum'' Noguchi 1913 * ''Treponema carateum'' Brumpt 1939 ( pinta-causing ''Treponema'') * "''Ca.'' Treponema faecavium" Gilroy et al. 2021 * '' Treponema paraluisleporis'' Lumeij et al. 1994 * '' Treponema paraluiscuniculi'' ♦ (Jacobsthal 1920) Smibert 1974 * ''Treponema pertenue'' ♦ (Castellani 1905) Castellani & Chalmers 1910 * " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treponema Pallidum
''Treponema pallidum'', formerly known as ''Spirochaeta pallida'', is a spirochaete bacterium with various subspecies that cause the diseases syphilis, bejel (also known as endemic syphilis), and yaws. It is transmitted only among humans. It is a helically coiled microorganism usually 6–15 μm long and 0.1–0.2 μm wide. ''T. pallidum'''s lack of either a tricarboxylic acid cycle or oxidative phosphorylation results in minimal metabolic activity. The treponemes have a cytoplasmic and an outer membrane. Using light microscopy, treponemes are visible only by using dark field illumination. ''Treponema pallidum'' consists of three subspecies, ''T. p. pallidum, T. p. endemicum,'' and ''T. p. pertenue,'' each of which has a distinct associated disease. Subspecies Three subspecies of ''T. pallidum'' are known: * ''Treponema pallidum pallidum'', which causes syphilis * ''T. p. endemicum'', which causes bejel or endemic syphilis * ''T. p. pertenue'', which causes yaws The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syphilis
Syphilis () is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium ''Treponema pallidum'' subspecies ''pallidum''. The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it presents (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary). The primary stage classically presents with a single chancre (a firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration usually between 1 cm and 2 cm in diameter) though there may be multiple sores. In secondary syphilis, a diffuse rash occurs, which frequently involves the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. There may also be sores in the mouth or vagina. In latent syphilis, which can last for years, there are few or no symptoms. In tertiary syphilis, there are gummas (soft, non-cancerous growths), neurological problems, or heart symptoms. Syphilis has been known as "the great imitator" as it may cause symptoms similar to many other diseases. Syphilis is most commonly spread through sexual activity. It may also be transmi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treponema Denticola
''Treponema denticola'' is a Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, motile and highly proteolytic spirochete bacterium. It is one of four species of oral spirochetes to be reliably cultured, the others being ''Treponema pectinovorum, Treponema socranskii'' and ''Treponema vincentii''''. T. denticola'' dwells in a complex and diverse microbial community within the oral cavity and is highly specialized to survive in this environment. ''T. denticola'' is associated with the incidence and severity of human periodontal disease. ''Treponema denticola'' is one of three bacteria that form the Red Complex, the other two being ''Porphyromonas gingivalis'' and ''Tannerella forsythia''. Together they form the major virulent pathogens that cause chronic periodontitis. Having elevated ''T. denticola'' levels in the mouth is considered one of the main etiological agents of periodontitis. ''T. denticola'' is related to the syphilis-causing obligate human pathogen, ''Treponema pallidum'' subsp. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treponema Socranskii
''Treponema socranskii'' was isolated from gum swabs of people with periodontitis and clinically-induced periodontitis. It is a motile, helically coiled, obligate anaerobe that grows best at 37 °C, and is a novel member of its genus because of its ability to ferment molecules that other ''Treponema'' species cannot. ''T. socranskii''’s growth is positively correlated with gingival inflammation, which indicates that it is a leading cause of gingivitis and periodontitis. Discovery and isolation Robert Smibert, John Johnson, and Richard Ranney isolated ''Treponema socranskii'' in Virginia, 1984. Volunteers with periodontitis and clinically-induced periodontitis supplied samples from beneath and above their gumlines for comparison to samples supplied from volunteers with healthy gums. The culture of ''T. socranskii'' were isolated from the samples supplied from the group of volunteers with periodontitis and clinically-induced periodontitis. Periodontitis is the lasting h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaws
Yaws is a tropical infection of the skin, bones, and joints caused by the spirochete bacterium ''Treponema pallidum pertenue''. The disease begins with a round, hard swelling of the skin, in diameter. The center may break open and form an ulcer. This initial skin lesion typically heals after 3–6 months. After weeks to years, joints and bones may become painful, fatigue may develop, and new skin lesions may appear. The skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet may become thick and break open. The bones (especially those of the nose) may become misshapen. After 5 years or more, large areas of skin may die, leaving scars. Yaws is spread by direct contact with the fluid from a lesion of an infected person. The contact is usually of a nonsexual nature. The disease is most common among children, who spread it by playing together. Other related treponemal diseases are bejel (''T. pallidum endemicum''), pinta (''T. carateum''), and syphilis (''T. p. pallidum''). Ya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treponema Pertenue
Yaws is a tropical infection of the skin, bones, and joints caused by the spirochete bacterium ''Treponema pallidum pertenue''. The disease begins with a round, hard swelling of the skin, in diameter. The center may break open and form an ulcer. This initial skin lesion typically heals after 3–6 months. After weeks to years, joints and bones may become painful, fatigue may develop, and new skin lesions may appear. The skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet may become thick and break open. The bones (especially those of the nose) may become misshapen. After 5 years or more, large areas of skin may die, leaving scars. Yaws is spread by direct contact with the fluid from a lesion of an infected person. The contact is usually of a nonsexual nature. The disease is most common among children, who spread it by playing together. Other related treponemal diseases are bejel (''T. pallidum endemicum''), pinta (''T. carateum''), and syphilis (''T. p. pallidum''). Ya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treponema Primitia
Treponema primitia is a bacterium, the first termite gut spirochete to be isolated, together with ''Treponema azotonutricium Treponema azotonutricium is a bacterium, the first termite gut spirochete to be isolated, together with ''Treponema primitia Treponema primitia is a bacterium, the first termite gut spirochete to be isolated, together with '' Treponema azoton ...''. References Further reading *Maier, Raina M., Ian L. Pepper, and Charles P. Gerba, eds. Environmental microbiology. Vol. 397. Academic press, 2009. *Berlanga, Mercedes. "Pathogenic Treponema. Molecular and cellular biology."International Microbiology 10.1 (2010): 72. * * * External links *LPSN primitia Bacteria described in 2004 {{Spirochaetae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treponema Bryantii
''Treponema bryantii'' is a species of spirochete bacteria within the genus ''Treponema''. This species is an obligate anaerobe and is found in the rumen The rumen, also known as a paunch, is the largest stomach compartment in ruminants and the larger part of the reticulorumen, which is the first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals. The rumen's microbial favoring environment allow ... of cows. References Further reading * External linksType strain of ''Treponema bryantii'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase bryantii Bacteria described in 1980 {{Spirochaetae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treponema Paraluiscuniculi
''Treponema paraluiscuniculi'' is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium. It is the etiologic agent of "Rabbit Syphilis". This condition occurs occasionally in laboratory rabbits, pet rabbits, and wild rabbits, but is not considered a significant cause of morbidity. The organism is most commonly spread via the venereal route, however, extragenital contact transmission can occur. The lesions associated with ''Treponema paraluiscuniculi'' include edema, erythema, and papules of the mucocutaneous junctions of the vulva, prepuce, anal region, muzzle, and periorbital region that progress to ulceration and crusting. Histologically, these areas are characterized by hyperplasia of the epidermis, necrosis of epithelial cells, erosion and ulceration, and an inflammatory infiltrate composed of plasma cells, macrophages, and heterophils. The recommended method of testing for the bacterium is skin scrape with wet mount and dark field microscopy. The organisms are also argyrophili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treponema Azotonutricium
Treponema azotonutricium is a bacterium, the first termite gut spirochete to be isolated, together with ''Treponema primitia Treponema primitia is a bacterium, the first termite gut spirochete to be isolated, together with ''Treponema azotonutricium Treponema azotonutricium is a bacterium, the first termite gut spirochete to be isolated, together with ''Treponema pr ...''. References Further reading *Maier, Raina M., Ian L. Pepper, and Charles P. Gerba, eds. Environmental microbiology. Vol. 397. Academic press, 2009. *Berlanga, Mercedes. "Pathogenic Treponema. Molecular and cellular biology."International Microbiology 10.1 (2010): 72. External links *LPSN [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treponema Succinifaciens
''Treponema succinifaciens'' is an anaerobic spirochete bacterium first discovered in the intestines of swine in 1981. The helical cells of ''T. succinifaciens'' grow to 16 μm in length and often form chains of cells when cultured. ''T. succinifaciens'' is gram-negative and non spore-forming. In humans ''Treponema succinifaciens'' is found in the gut microbiome of some human populations, but is not found in humans living in urban areas. The bacterium has been found in many rural and traditional human populations such as foragers from the Congo, Bedouins, Amazonians, and Tuaregs. This is likely due to increased antibiotic use in urban populations, as well as cross-contamination from animals in rural and traditional populations. Genome The genome of ''T. succinifaciens'' is 2,897,425 base pairs in length. The bacterium contains 2,723 protein-coding as well as 63 RNA genes. It also contains 63 genes that are involved in motility Motility is the ability of an organism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treponema Lecithinolyticum
''Treponema lecithinolyticum'' is a species of ''Treponema''. It is implicated as a pathogen in chronic periodontitis which can induce bone loss. This motile bacillus is a gram negative, facultative anaerobe and a spirochaete A spirochaete () or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetota (), (synonym Spirochaetes) which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or s .... References lecithinolyticum {{Spirochaetae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
