Tree Taper
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Tree Taper
Tree taper is the degree to which a tree's stem or bole decreases in diameter as a function of height above ground. Within Forestry and for the purposes of timber production, trees with a high degree of taper are said to have poor form, while those with low taper have good form. The opposite is the case for open-grown amenity trees. The form of a tree is sometimes quantified by the Girard form class, which is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the butt-log scaling diameter to diameter at breast height Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the diameter of the trunk or bole of a standing tree. DBH is one of the most common dendrometric measurements. Tree trunks are measured at the height of an adult's breast .... Taper is often represented by mathematical functions fitted to empirical data, called taper equations. One such function, attributed to Ormerod,Ormerod, D.W., 1973. A simple bole model. '' Forestry Chronicle''. 49:136-138. is ...
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Girard Form Class
Girard form class is a form quotient calculated as the ratio of diameter inside bark at the top of the first 16 foot log to the diameter outside bark at breast height ( DBH). Its purpose is to estimate board-foot volume of whole trees from measurement of DBH, estimation of the number of logs, and estimation of the taper of the first log, based on the general relationships identified between the taper of the first log and the taper of subsequent logs. Girard form class is the primary expression of tree form in the United States. To allow for log trimming and a 1-foot stump height the diameter inside bark is measured at 17.3 feet above the ground. The closer the form class value to 100 the closer the log resembles a cylinder, where a value of 100 means the log is very nearly a cylinder. Volume table A Volume table is a chart to aid in the estimation of standing timber volume. These tables are based on volume equations and use correlations between certain aspects of a tree to estimat ...
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Scaling Diameter
Scaling may refer to: Science and technology Mathematics and physics * Scaling (geometry), a linear transformation that enlarges or diminishes objects * Scale invariance, a feature of objects or laws that do not change if scales of length, energy, or other variables are multiplied by a common factor ** Scaling law, a law that describes the scale invariance found in many natural phenomena * The scaling of critical exponents in physics, such as Widom scaling, or scaling of the renormalization group Computing and information technology * Feature scaling, a method used to standardize the range of independent variables or features of data * Image scaling, the resizing of an image * Multidimensional scaling, a means of visualizing the level of similarity of individual cases of a dataset * Scalability, a computer's or network's ability to function as the number of users increases * Scaling along the Z axis, a technique used in computer graphics for a pseudo-3D effect * Reduced scales o ...
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Diameter At Breast Height
Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the diameter of the trunk or bole of a standing tree. DBH is one of the most common dendrometric measurements. Tree trunks are measured at the height of an adult's breast, which is defined differently in different countries and situations. In many countries, DBH is measured at approximately above ground. Global variation and scientific precision The height can make a substantial difference to the measured diameter. In the United States, DBH is typically measured at above ground. In some countries, such as Australia, New Zealand, Burma, India, Malaysia, and South Africa, breast height diameter has historically been measured at a height of , but because of much active research into allometrics that are being applied to trees and forests, the convention of is more appropriate. Ornamental trees are usually measured at 1.5 metres above ground. Some authors have argued that the term DBH should be aboli ...
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United States Forest Service
The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands. The Forest Service manages of land. Major divisions of the agency include the Chief's Office, National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Business Operations, and Research and Development. The agency manages about 25% of federal lands and is the only major national land management agency not part of the U.S. Department of the Interior, which manages the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. History The concept of national forests was born from Theodore Roosevelt's conservation group, Boone and Crockett Club, due to concerns regarding Yellowstone National Park beginning as early as 1875. In 1876, Congress formed the office of Special Agent in the Department of Agriculture to assess the quality and conditions of forests in the United States. ...
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Taper Equations
Taper may refer to: * Part of an object in the shape of a cone (conical) * Taper (transmission line), a transmission line gradually increasing or decreasing in size * Fishing rod taper, a measure of the flexibility of a fishing rod * Conically tapered joints, made of ground glass, commonly used in chemistry labs to mate two glassware components fitted with glass tubings * Luer Taper, a standardized fitting system used for making leak-free connections between slightly conical syringe tips and needles * Tapered thread, a conical screw thread made of a helicoidal ridge wrapped around a cone * Machine taper, in machinery and engineering * Mark Taper Forum, a theatre in the Los Angeles Music Center * A ratio used in aeronautics (see Chord (aeronautics)) * A thin candle * Philadelphia Tapers (also New York Tapers and Washington Tapers), a defunct professional basketball team * Taper (cymbal), the reduction in thickness of a cymbal from center to rim * Taper pin, used in manufacturing ...
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Forestry Chronicle
Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, planting, using, conserving and repairing forests, woodlands, and associated resources for human and environmental benefits. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands. The science of forestry has elements that belong to the biological, physical, social, political and managerial sciences. Forest management play essential role of creation and modification of habitats and affect ecosystem services provisioning. Modern forestry generally embraces a broad range of concerns, in what is known as multiple-use management, including: the provision of timber, fuel wood, wildlife habitat, natural water quality management, recreation, landscape and community protection, employment, aesthetically appealing landscapes, biodiversity management, watershed management, erosion control, and preserving forests as " sinks" for atmospheric carbon dioxide. Forest ecosystems have come to be seen as the most important compone ...
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Judson Freeman Clark
Judson Freeman Clark (27 July 1870, Queens County, Prince Edward Island – 26 July 1942, Los Angeles) was a Canadian forester and mycologist. He is famous for publishing in 1906, what is now known as the International 1/8-Inch Log Rule (for 1/8-inch saw kerf), which he modified in 1917 for 1/4-inch saw kerf. (Herman Haupt Chapman (1873–1964) was the E. H. Harriman Professor of Forest Management, Yale University.) Biography After receiving a B.S. in agriculture from the University of Toronto in 1896, Clark taught English and mathematics at the Ontario Agricultural College from 1896 to 1898. In 1898 he matriculated at Cornell University, graduating there with A.M. in 1899 and Ph.D. in botany in 1901. At Cornell University, upon the resignation of Professor Filibert Roth, Clark was appointed assistant professor and, after six months' study in Germany and Switzerland, started work in January 1902. He "handled courses in timber physics, mensuration, dendrology, and silviculture." Cl ...
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