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Treaty Of Tübingen
The Treaty of Tübingen was a treaty signed in the Duchy of Württemberg between its Duke, Ulrich, and the Estates of Württemberg. The treaty concluded the Poor Conrad revolt against Ulrich and annulled his recent taxes on the populace of the Duchy, while the Estates of his realm agreed to liquidate his substantial debts. Background Württemberg was a minor state in the Holy Roman Empire that had existed as a County from the late 11th century. Its rulers grew increasingly powerful over the Middle Ages by accumulating territory in Swabia and Imperial rights. By the 1270s, it was able to scuttle the efforts of the first Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolph I, to restore the Duchy of Swabia. After acquiring Teck, seat of the defunct Duke of Teck and formerly a possession of the House of Zähringen, Württemberg had a case for elevation to ducal status. In 1495, at the Diet of Worms, Emperor Maximilian I made Württemberg a Duchy in what would be the final such elevation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tübingen
Tübingen (, , Swabian: ''Dibenga'') is a traditional university city in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, and developed on both sides of the Neckar and Ammer rivers. about one in three of the 90,000 people living in Tübingen is a student. As of the 2018/2019 winter semester, 27,665 students attend the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. The city has the lowest median age in Germany, in part due to its status as a university city. As of December 31, 2015, the average age of a citizen of Tübingen is 39.1 years. The city is known for its veganism and environmentalism. Immediately north of the city lies the Schönbuch, a densely wooded nature park. The Swabian Alb mountains rise about (beeline Tübingen City to Roßberg - 869 m) to the southeast of Tübingen. The Ammer and Steinlach rivers are tributaries of the Neckar river, which flows in an easterly direction through the city, just south of the medieval old t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fürst
' (, female form ', plural '; from Old High German ', "the first", a translation of the Latin ') is a German word for a ruler and is also a princely title. ' were, since the Middle Ages, members of the highest nobility who ruled over states of the Holy Roman Empire and later its former territories, below the ruling ' (emperor) or ' (king). A Prince of the Holy Roman Empire was the reigning sovereign ruler of an Imperial State that held imperial immediacy in the boundaries of the Holy Roman Empire. The territory ruled is referred to in German as a ' ( principality), the family dynasty referred to as a ' (princely house), and the (non-reigning) descendants of a ' are titled and referred to in German as ' (prince) or ' (princess). The English language uses the term "prince" for both concepts. Latin-based languages (French, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Portuguese) also employ a single term, whereas Dutch as well as the Scandinavian and some Slavic languages use separate terms si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hellmut G
Hellmut is a given name. Notable people with the name include: *Hellmut Andics (1922–1998), Austrian journalist, publicist, and writer * Hellmut Bunge (1920–2006), Hauptmann in the Wehrmacht during World War II, recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross *Hellmut von der Chevallerie (1896–1965), General of the Infantry in the German Wehrmacht during the World War II * Sigismund Hellmut von Dawans (1899–1944), general in the Wehrmacht during World War II, recipient of the German Cross in Gold *Hellmut Diwald (1924–1993), German historian and Professor of Medieval and Modern History at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg *Hellmut Federhofer (1911–2014), Austrian musicologist *Hellmut Flashar (born 1929), German philologist and translator * Hellmut Fritzsche (born 1927), American physicist *Hellmut Geissner (1926–2012), German scholar of speech and rhetoric *Hellmut von Gerlach (1866–1935), German journalist and politician *Hellmut G. Haasis (born 1942), German h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magna Carta
(Medieval Latin for "Great Charter of Freedoms"), commonly called (also ''Magna Charta''; "Great Charter"), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal Stephen Langton, to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War. After John's death, the regency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. At the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Historical Institute Washington DC
The German Historical Institute Washington DC is an institute of historical study based in Washington, D.C. It has been part of the Max Weber Stiftung: Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland since 2002. The director is Simone Lässig. History The development of a German Historical Institute in America began soon after the establishment of the German Historical Institute London. The German historians Erich Angermann (University of Cologne) and Günter Moltmann (University of Hamburg) and the American historians Gordon Craig (Stanford University) and Gerald Feldman (University of California at Berkeley), Wolfgang Mommsen (director of GHI London), Rudolf Vierhaus (Director of Max Planck Institute for History) and Gerhard A. Ritter (University of Munich) were part of the initial discussions to inaugurate a new GHI institute in the United States. They developed a proposal that the Minister for Research and Technology and the advisory board Wissenschaftsrat in Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wappen Tuebingen
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its whole consists of a shield, supporters, a crest, and a motto. A coat of arms is traditionally unique to an individual person, family, state, organization, school or corporation. The term itself of 'coat of arms' describing in modern times just the heraldic design, originates from the description of the entire medieval chainmail 'surcoat' garment used in combat or preparation for the latter. Rolls of arms are collections of many coats of arms, and since the early Modern Age centuries, they have been a source of information for public showing and tracing the membership of a noble family, and therefore its genealogy across time. History Heraldic designs came into general use among European nobility in the 12th century. Systematic, heri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundschuh
The Bundschuh movement (German: ''Bundschuh-Bewegung'') refers to a series of localized peasant rebellions in southwestern Germany from 1493 to 1517. They were one of the causes of the German Peasants' War (1524–1526). The Bundschuh movement was not a movement in the proper sense, but a number of loosely linked local conspiracies and planned uprisings. It was so called because of the peasant shoe (''Bundschuh'') the peasants displayed on their flag. Under this flag, peasants and city dwellers had defeated the troops of the French count of Armagnac along the upper Rhine in 1439, 1443, and 1444. Individual uprisings – seeking relief from oppressive taxes, arbitrary justice systems, high debts, costly ecclesiastic privileges, serfdom, prohibitions on hunting and fishing, and the like – occurred in 1476 in Niklashausen (Tauber valley), 1493 in Schlettstadt (now Sélestat)/Alsace (for the first time under the Bundschuh banner), 1502 in Bruchsal and Untergrombach, 1513 in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indirect Tax
An indirect tax (such as sales tax, per unit tax, value added tax (VAT), or goods and services tax (GST), excise, consumption tax, tariff) is a tax that is levied upon goods and services before they reach the customer who ultimately pays the indirect tax as a part of market price of the good or service purchased. Alternatively, if the entity who pays taxes to the tax collecting authority does not suffer a corresponding reduction in income, i.e., impact and tax incidence are not on the same entity meaning that tax can be shifted or passed on, then the tax is indirect. An indirect tax is collected by an intermediary (such as a retail store) from the person (such as the consumer) who pays the tax included in the price of a purchased good. The intermediary later files a tax return and forwards the tax proceeds to government with the return. In this sense, the term indirect tax is contrasted with a direct tax, which is collected directly by government from the persons (legal or natu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wealth Tax
A wealth tax (also called a capital tax or equity tax) is a tax on an entity's holdings of assets. This includes the total value of personal assets, including cash, bank deposits, real estate, assets in insurance and pension plans, ownership of unincorporated businesses, financial securities, and personal trusts (a one-off levy on wealth is a capital levy).Edward N. Wolff, "Time for a Wealth Tax?"''Boston Review'', Feb–Mar 1996 (recommending a net wealth tax for the US of 0.05% for the first $100,000 in assets to 0.3% for assets over $1,000,000/ref> Typically, liabilities (primarily mortgages and other loans) are deducted from an individual's wealth, hence it is sometimes called a net wealth tax. Of 36 OECD countries, five had a personal wealth tax in 2017 (in 1990 there were 12 countries). One of its goals is to reduce the accumulation of wealth by individuals. Critics note that a wealth tax can have the unintended consequence of wealthy entrepreneurs and businesspeople ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of The Succession Of Landshut
The War of the Succession of Landshut resulted from a dispute between the duchies of Bavaria-Munich (''Bayern-München'' in German) and Bavaria-Landshut (''Bayern-Landshut''). An earlier agreement between the different Wittelsbach lines, the Treaty of Pavia (1329), concerned the law of succession and stated that if one branch should become extinct in the male line then the other would inherit. This agreement disregarded imperial law, which stipulated that the Holy Roman Emperor should inherit should a line fail. George, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, and his wife Hedwig Jagiellon failed to produce a male heir, so George—in a breach of both imperial law and the house treaty—named his daughter Elisabeth as his heir. Because of the agreement, Duke Albert of the Munich line did not accept George's decision, leading to war in 1503. Over the course of this two-year war, many villages surrounding Landshut were reduced to ashes, such as Ergolding, Haimhausen and Landau an der Isar. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regency Council
A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state ''pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy, or the throne is vacant and the new monarch has not yet been determined. One variation is in the Monarchy of Liechtenstein, where a competent monarch may choose to assign regency to their of-age heir, handing over the majority of their responsibilities to prepare the heir for future succession. The rule of a regent or regents is called a regency. A regent or regency council may be formed ''ad hoc'' or in accordance with a constitutional rule. ''Regent'' is sometimes a formal title granted to a monarch's most trusted advisor or personal assistant. If the regent is holding their position due to their position in the line of succession, the compound term ''prince regent'' is often used; if the regent of a minor is their mother, she would be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eberhard II, Duke Of Württemberg
Eberhard VI/II (1 February 1447 (?) in Waiblingen – 17 February 1504 at Lindenfels Castle) was a German nobleman. He was Count of Württemberg-Stuttgart from 1480 to 1496 as Eberhard VI, then Duke of Württemberg from 1496 to June 1498 as Eberhard II. Early life Eberhard was the son of Ulrich V, Count of Württemberg and Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut. He spent much of his youth at the Burgundian court. In 1461 he took part in the coronation of King Louis XI of France in Reims. In 1462 he returned to Württemberg. Between 1465 and 1467 he married Margravine Elisabeth of Brandenburg, a daughter of Margrave Albrecht III of Brandenburg. Succession and reign As early as 1477 a family treaty secured him the succession in Württemberg-Urach, which was ruled by Count Eberhard V, nicknamed ''the bearded one'', who left no legitimate offspring. In 1480 he took over rule from his father Count Ulrich V. In 1482 he signed the Treaty of Münsingen with Eberhard V. This treaty reunited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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