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Trabectome
The Trabectome is a surgical device that can be used for ab interno trabeculotomy, a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery for the surgical management of adult, juvenile and infantile glaucoma. The trabecular meshwork is a major site of resistance to aqueous humor outflow. As angle surgeries such as Trabectome follow the physiologic outflow pathway, the risk of complications is significantly lower than filtering surgeries. Hypotony with damage to the macula (hypotony maculopathy), can occur with pressures below 5 mmHg for instance after traditional trabeculectomy, because of the episcleral venous pressure limit. The Trabectome handpiece is inserted into the anterior chamber, its tip positioned into Schlemm's canal, and advanced to the left and to the right. Different from cautery, the tip generates plasma to molecularize the trabecular meshwork and remove it drag-free and with minimal thermal effect. Active irrigation of the trabectome surgery system helps to keep the anterior chambe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infantile Glaucoma
Primary juvenile glaucoma is glaucoma that develops due to ocular hypertension and is evident either at birth or within the first few years of life. It is caused due to abnormalities in the anterior chamber angle development that obstruct aqueous outflow in the absence of systemic anomalies or other ocular malformation. Presentation The typical infant who has congenital glaucoma usually is initially referred to an ophthalmologist because of apparent corneal edema. The commonly described triad of epiphora (excessive tearing), blepharospasm and photophobia may be missed until the corneal edema becomes apparent. Systemic associations Two of the more commonly encountered disorders that may be associated with congenital glaucoma are Aniridia and Sturge–Weber syndrome. Genetics JOAG is an autosomal dominant condition. The primary cause is the myocilin protein dysfunction. Myocilin gene mutations are identified in approximately 10% of patients affected by juvenile glaucoma. Diagnosis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypotony Maculopathy
Hypotony maculopathy is maculopathy due to very low intraocular pressure known as ocular hypotony. Maculopathy occurs either due to increased outflow of aqueous humor through angle of anterior chamber or less commonly, due to decreased aqueous humor secretion by ciliary body. Description Hypotony maculopathy is maculopathy due to ocular hypotony. Fundus examination may reveal abnormalities like chorioretinal folds, optic nerve head swelling (papilledema) and tortuosity of blood vessels. Causes Maculopathy occurs either due to increased outflow of aqueous humor through angle of anterior chamber or less commonly, due to decreased aqueous humor secretion by ciliary body. Chronic inflammation within the eye including iridocyclitis, medications including anti glaucoma drugs, or proliferative vitreoretinopathy causes decreased production. Increased outflow or aqueous loss may occur following a glaucoma surgery, trauma, post-surgical wound leak from the eye, cyclodialysis cleft, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schlemm's Canal
Schlemm's canal is a circular lymphatic-like vessel in the eye. It collects aqueous humor from the anterior chamber and delivers it into the episcleral blood vessels. Canaloplasty may be used to widen it. Structure Schlemm's canal is an endothelium-lined tube, resembling that of a lymphatic vessel. On the inside of the canal, nearest to the aqueous humor, it is covered and held open by the trabecular meshwork. This creates outflow resistance against the aqueous humor. Development While Schlemm's canal has generally been considered as a vein or a scleral venous sinus, the canal is similar to the lymphatic vasculature. It is never filled with blood in physiological settings as it does not receive arterial blood circulation. Schlemm's canal displays several features of lymphatic endothelium, including the expression of PROX1, VEGFR3, CCL21, FOXC2, but lacked the expression of LYVE1 and PDPN. It develops via a unique mechanism involving the transdifferentiation of venous endotheli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surgical Instruments
A surgical instrument is a tool or device for performing specific actions or carrying out desired effects during a surgery or operation, such as modifying biological tissue, or to provide access for viewing it. Over time, many different kinds of surgical instruments and tools have been invented. Some surgical instruments are designed for general use in all sorts of surgeries, while others are designed for only certain specialties or specific procedures. Classification of surgical instruments helps surgeons to understand the functions and purposes of the instruments. With the goal of optimizing surgical results and performing more difficult operations, more instruments continue to be invented in the modern era. History Many different kinds of surgical instruments and tools have been invented and some have been repurposed as medical knowledge and surgical practices have developed. As surgery practice diversified, some tools are advanced for higher accuracy and stability while so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
