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Toyota CD Engine
The Toyota CD engine is a diesel engine used in the Toyota Corolla, RAV4, Avensis and other vehicles. It is a DOHC engine with a bore and stroke of with . The higher-output CD Series engines have now largely been replaced by the AD engine while low output applications where replaced by the ND engine. There were two versions: the 1CD-FTV and the more powerful 2CD variant. 1CD-FTV The 1CD-FTV (2.0 D-4D) is a compact inline-four turbocharged diesel engine initially in the first generation Avensis on November 22, 1999 1st generation Technical specifications: * Fuel injection system: common rail ,6 hole solenoid injectors with pilot injection * Camshaft drive: timing belt * Exhaust gas treatment: EGR equipped with catalyst;(EGR cooler on RAV4) * Emission standard: Euro III * Compression Ratio:18.6:1 * Fuel consumption combined: * emission combined: /km Applications: Non-Intercooled Non VGT at 4000 rpm, at 2400 rpm (Europe, Net DIN) * 08.2000–09.2001 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota
is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 million vehicles per year. The company was originally founded as a spinoff of Toyota Industries, a machine maker started by Sakichi Toyoda, Kiichiro's father. Both companies are now part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. While still a department of Toyota Industries, the company developed its first product, the Type A engine in 1934 and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA. After World War II, Toyota benefited from Japan's alliance with the United States to learn from American automakers and other companies, which would give rise to The Toyota Way (a management philosophy) and the Toyota Production System (a lean manufacturing practice) that would transform the small company into a leader in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inline-four Engine
A straight-four engine (also called an inline-four) is a four-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. The vast majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout (with the exceptions of the flat-four engines produced by Subaru and Porsche) and the layout is also very common in motorcycles and other machinery. Therefore the term "four-cylinder engine" is usually synonymous with straight-four engines. When a straight-four engine is installed at an inclined angle (instead of with the cylinders oriented vertically), it is sometimes called a slant-four. Between 2005 and 2008, the proportion of new vehicles sold in the United States with four-cylinder engines rose from 30% to 47%. By the 2020 model year, the share for light-duty vehicles had risen to 59%. Design A four-stroke straight-four engine always has a cylinder on its power stroke, unlike engines with fewer cylinders where there is no power stroke occu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Previa
The Toyota Previa, also known as the in Japan, and Toyota Tarago in Australia, is a minivan that was produced by Toyota from 1990 until October 2019 across three generations. The name "Previa" is derived from the Spanish and Italian for "preview", as Toyota saw the first Previa as a vehicle that would preview technologies used in future minivans. The Previa was the second largest minivan in Toyota's lineup in Japan after the bigger and more luxurious Alphard/Vellfire. __TOC__ First generation (XR10/XR20; 1990) The first generation, designed by Toyota designer Tokuo Fukuichi and Calty designer David Doyle in 1987 (patent filed 24 December 1987), was introduced on 27 January 1990, and had only one sliding side door for the rear passengers. It featured a mid-engined platform, where the inline-four cylinder gasoline-powered engine was installed almost flat (at a 75-degree angle), beneath the front seats. Installing the engine in this configuration allowed mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avensis Verso
The Toyota Ipsum, Picnic, SportsVan or Avensis Verso is a car produced by the Japanese carmaker Toyota from 1995 to 2010. It is a compact MPV with standard three-row seating. The Ipsum, like many Toyota products, was shared as a trio of the Toyota Gaia, and sold only at Japanese Toyota dealerships called ''Toyota Store'', next to the Toyota Carina. The Gaia was unique to ''Toyopet Store'' locations, and the Toyota Nadia was sold at ''Toyota Corolla Store''. __TOC__ First generation (XM10; 1995) The first generation, named Ipsum in Japan and Picnic in export markets, was built from 1995 until 2001, with export versions arriving in 1996. A commercial version was sold as the Toyota SportsVan in Denmark. It had a choice of two inline-four petrol engines, ranging from 1.8- to 2.0-litres, as well as a 2.2-litre diesel engine, the 3C-TE. File:ToyotaPicnicC.jpg, Toyota Avensis Picnic (pre-facelift) File:Toyota Ipsum L-Selection.jpg, Ipsum L-Selection (facelift) File:Toyota Ipsu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Avensis
The is a mid-size/ large family car built in Derbyshire, United Kingdom by the Japanese automaker Toyota from October 1997 to August 2018. It was the direct successor to the European Carina E and was available as a four-door saloon, five-door liftback and estate. The Avensis was introduced in 1997, to create a more modern name when compared with the Carina E. The "Avensis" name is derived from the French term ''avancer'', meaning "to advance" or "move forward". The Avensis was not sold in North America, and it is related to the Scion tC coupé. It also shared a platform with the Allion and Premio and was available at Japanese dealership network ''Toyota Netz Store''. A large MPV called the Avensis Verso ( Ipsum in Japan and previously the Picnic in other markets) was built in Japan on a separate platform. __TOC__ First generation (T220; 1997) Toyota introduced the Avensis nameplate on its new model, which was launched at the end of 1997. Although an extensive reva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Corolla Verso
The Toyota Corolla Verso is a car produced by the Japanese carmaker Toyota between 2001 and 2009. A compact MPV, the first-generation Corolla Verso sold in Europe was a rebadged Japanese market Toyota Corolla Spacio (E120), second-generation Corolla Spacio (E120), which was first released in Japan in May 2001. The second-generation model became a separate model in March 2004, based on the Toyota Avensis (T250), second-generation Avensis (T250), until production ceased in March 2009 and production of its replacement, the Toyota Verso, Verso, began. Although the design of the car is based on the Verso's namesake, the Toyota Corolla, Corolla, the second-generation model does not share a platform with the Corolla, instead being built on a separate unique platform. __TOC__ First generation (E120; 2001) The second generation Corolla Spacio entered the European market as the first generation Corolla Verso after being shown at the International Motor Show Germany#2001, September 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Corolla (E120)
The Toyota Corolla (E120/E130) is the ninth generation of compact cars sold by Toyota under the Corolla nameplate. In Japan, this series arrived to the market in August 2000; however, exports were typically not achieved until 2001 and 2002 depending on the market. The sedan and station wagon arrived first in August 2000, followed by the five-door hatchback in January 2001, and the Europe-only three-door hatchback in 2002. Toyota supplemented the original styling with an edgier, hatchback-only styling treatment from 2002. Sedans and wagons sold in Japan adopted a new front-end design in 2004, although this version did not typically reach export markets. In other Asian markets and the Americas, the ninth generation Corolla (sedan and wagon only) had unique front and rear styling treatments with mild updates over the model's production run. The E120/E130 model offered a longer wheelbase. It is built on a shortened V50 series Vista platform. From being marketed as a premium comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota Corolla (E110)
The Corolla E110 was the eighth generation of cars sold by Toyota under the Corolla nameplate. Introduced in May 1995, the eighth generation shared its platform (and doors, on some models) with its predecessor. Due to a recession at the time, Toyota ordered Corolla development chief Takayasu Honda to cut costs, hence the carry-over engineering. For the general market, the Corolla was offered in Base, XLi, GLi and SE-G trim levels. Japan This was the last Corolla generation to have an equivalent Sprinter model, and the Levin sports package upgrade. The Sprinter Carib wagon was identical to the European Corolla wagon and was only available in Japan as a Sprinter. The previous generation E104 Corolla Touring Wagon continued to be sold alongside it. The Sprinter, exclusive to ''Toyota Auto Store'' Japanese dealerships was renamed the Toyota Allex and was modified from a sedan to five-door hatchback. Japanese models received minor changes in April 1997 with new nose, tail and inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euro III
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a series of European Union directives staging the progressive introduction of increasingly stringent standards. , the standards do not include non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Details of Euro 7 have been postponed to 12 October 2022. Background In the European Union, emissions of nitrogen oxides (), total hydrocarbon (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) are regulated for most vehicle types, including cars, trucks (lorries), locomotives, tractors and similar machinery, barges, but excluding seagoing ships and aeroplanes. For each vehicle type, different standards apply. Compliance is determined by running the engine at a standardised test cycle. Non-co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalysis
Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice; mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate. Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst. Catalysis may be classified as either homogeneous, whose components are dispersed in the same phase (usually gaseous or liquid) as the reactant, or heterogeneous, whose components are not in the same phase. Enzymes and other biocatalysts are often considered as a third category. Catalysis is ubiquitous in chemical industry of all kinds. Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide () emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline, diesel engines and some hydrogen engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. The exhaust gas displaces atmospheric air and reduces in the combustion chamber. Reducing the amount of oxygen reduces the amount of fuel that can burn in the cylinder thereby reducing peak in-cylinder temperatures. The actual amount of recirculated exhaust gas varies with the engine operating parameters. In the combustion cylinder, is produced by high-temperature mixtures of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen, and this usually occurs at cylinder peak pressure. In a spark-ignition engine, an ancillary benefit of recirculating exhaust gases via an external EGR valve is an increase in efficiency, as charge dilution allows a larger throttle position and reduces associated pumping losses. Mazda's turbocharge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timing Belt (camshaft)
In a piston engine, either a timing belt (also called a ''cambelt'') or timing chain or set of timing gears is used to synchronize the rotation of the crankshaft and the camshaft. This synchronisation ensures that the engine's valves open and close at the correct times in relation to the position of the pistons. Design In most piston engines, the camshaft(s) are mechanically connected to the crankshaft. The crankshaft drives the camshaft (via a timing belt, timing chain or pushrods), which in turn actuates the intake and exhaust valves. These valves allow the engine to inhale air (or an air/fuel mixture) and exhale the exhaust gasses. The most common devices to transfer the drive are toothed rubber belts, metal timing chains or a set of gears. The teeth of the belt/chain/gears mesh with both the crankshaft and camshaft(s), thereby synchronising their motion. In many older overhead valve engines, the camshaft is located in the block near the crankshaft, therefore a simple gear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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