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Toyol
A toyol or tuyul is an undead infant in Indonesian and Malay folklore. It appears in the mythology of Southeast Asia and is invoked as a helper by shamans (dukun or bomoh) by the means of black magic. The creature is used to rob people of their riches, which is similar in nature to Babi ngepet. Names The toyol is known by different names across Southeast Asia. The Malay word toyol is in Indonesian, in Javanese, and in Sundanese. It is known as ''cohen kroh'' in Khmer, and ''kwee kia'' in Hokkien. In Thai, the male is called '' kumarn-thong''. A similar creature exists in Philippine mythology known as ''tiyanak''. Appearance The toyol is traditionally described as looking no different from a near-naked toddler. Modern depictions often give it a goblin-like appearance with green or grey skin, pointed ears, and clouded eyes. In popular culture Film * Malik Selamat directed a 1980 Malay horror film ''Toyol'', starring Sidek Hussain and Mahmud June. * In Billy Chan's 1987 Hong Kon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folklore Of Indonesia
Folklore of Indonesia is known in Indonesian as ''dongeng'' (), ''cerita rakyat'' () or ''folklor'' (), refer to any folklore found in Indonesia. Its origins are probably an oral culture, with a range of stories of heroes associated with wayang and other forms of theatre, transmitted outside of a written culture. Folklore in Indonesia are closely connected with mythology. Themes Indonesian folklore reflects the diverse culture of Indonesia as well as the diversity of ethnic groups in Indonesia. Many ethnic groups have their own collection of tales and folklores that have been told for generations. The stories are usually told to children as bedtime stories, and have pedagogical values such as kindness, benevolence, modesty, honesty, bravery, patience, persistence, virtue, and morality. For example, one popular theme is "the truth will always prevail, and evil will always be defeated." While most Indonesian folkloric stories have happy endings and 'happily ever after' themes, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hantu Raya
The Hantu Raya is a type of familiar spirit in Malay folklore that acts as a double for black magic practitioners. Roughly meaning "great ghost", it is supposed to bestow great power onto its master. Its true form according to folktale is humanoid form with black hairy body except the facial area, rough grey skin, long sharp teeth and with red eyes. Etymology The word ''hantu'' is most often translated as ghost in modern Malay, but is actually closer in meaning to "spirit". The word ''raya'' roughly means "great" or "high". The term ''hantu raya'' (therefore meaning "great ghost") is sometimes mistaken as meaning a supreme demon which rules over all ghosts, but its high status comes not from its position and instead refers to the spirit's power, being one of the most useful of spirit familiars. Functions The Hantu Raya manifests itself in the physical form as a double of its owner. In this form it can be used to work in the fields in its owner's place. This was said to be especially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiyanak
The Tiyanak (also Tianak or Tianac) is a vampiric creature in Philippine mythology that takes on the form of a toddler or baby. Although there are various types, it typically takes the form of a newborn baby and cries in the jungle to attract unwary travelers. Once it is picked up by an unfortunate passerby, it reverts to its true form and attacks the victim. The tiyanak is also depicted to take malevolent delight in leading travelers astray, or in abducting children. Historical Accounts "They had another deception—namely, that if any woman died in childbirth, she and the child suffered punishment; and that, at night, she could be heard lamenting. This was called ''patianac''. May the honor and glory be God our Lord's, that among all the Tagalos not a trace of this is left; and that those who are now marrying do not even know what it is, thanks to the preaching of the holy gospel, which has banished it." Fr. Juan de Plasencia, Customs of the Tagalogs (1589) "449. Pregnant women ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Mythology
Philippine mythology is the body of stories and epics originating from, and part of, the indigenous Philippine folk religions, which include various ethnic faiths distinct from one another. Philippine mythology is incorporated from various sources, having similarities with Indonesian and Malay myths, as well as Hinduism, Hindu, Islam, Muslim, Shinto, Buddhism, Buddhist, and Christianity, Christian traditions, such as the notion of heaven (''kaluwalhatian'', ''kalangitan'', ''kamurawayan'', etc.), hell (''kasamaan'', ''sulad'', etc.), and the human soul (''kaluluwa'', ''kaulolan'', ''makatu'', ''ginokud'', etc.). Philippine mythology attempts to explain Religious cosmology, the nature of the world through the lives and actions of List of Philippine mythological figures, heroes, deities (referred to as anito or Anito, diwata in some ethnic groups), and List of Philippine mythological creatures, mythological creatures. The majority of these myths were passed on through oral trad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Familiar Spirit
In European folklore of the medieval and early modern periods, familiars (sometimes referred to as familiar spirits) were believed to be supernatural entities that would assist witches and cunning folk in their practice of magic. According to records of the time, those alleging to have had contact with familiar spirits reported that they could manifest as numerous forms, usually as an animal, but sometimes as a human or humanoid figure, and were described as "clearly defined, three-dimensional... forms, vivid with colour and animated with movement and sound", as opposed to descriptions of ghosts with their "smoky, undefined form . When they served witches, they were often thought to be malevolent, but when working for cunning folk they were often considered benevolent (although there was some ambiguity in both cases). The former were often categorized as demons, while the latter were more commonly thought of and described as fairies. The main purpose of familiars was to serve th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malay Folklore
Malay folklore refers to a series of knowledge, traditions and taboos that have been passed down through many generations in oral, written and symbolic forms among the indigenous populations of Maritime Southeast Asia (Nusantara). They include among others, themes and subject matter related to the indigenous knowledge of the ethnic Malays and related ethnic groups within the region. The stories within this system of lore often incorporate supernatural entities and magical creatures which form parts of the Malay mythology. Others relate to creation myths and place naming legends that are often inter-twined with historical figures and events. Ancient rituals for healing and traditional medicine as well as complex philosophies regarding health and disease can also be found. Oral tradition The oral forms of this lore are transmitted primarily through nursery rhymes, folksongs, theatrical exhibitions, and stories that are commonly told from parent to child. Nomadic storytellers that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jenglot
A jenglot (Indonesian ) is a small creature of Indonesian culture and mythology. It has the appearance of a deformed humanoid doll and whose size is up to in length. They have long hair which grows sparse and stiff through the legs, and long nails. The doll itself does nothing, but when imbued with black magic, is said to provide protection to its master, takes revenge on an enemy or works as a good luck charm. It can fetch thousands of ringgit when sold. Folklore states that they were formerly human beings. Jenglot 'keepers' feed their creature with blood, either animal blood (goat) or human blood. The blood is placed near the jenglot, which is said not to drink the blood directly. According to traditional belief, the jenglot will get the nutrients of the blood in their own way. Exhibition In Indonesia there has been several "exhibitions" of jenglot specimens found and showcased. Most being found on the islands of Java and Sumatra, and are held as private collections of supernat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelesit
Pelesit () is a type of familiar spirit in Malay folklore. It is generally a cricket, or occasionally a grasshopper. The term literally means "buzzer" from the root word ''lesit'' meaning to buzz or whizz, as an insect does. They are also called Palasik. Belief in the pelesit traces back to Malay animism before the introduction of monotheism. Generally speaking, a pelesit can only be owned by a woman, and were said to have been prevalent in Kedah. The male equivalent is another hereditary spirit, the bajang. Due to the similarity, the two are sometimes confused in folklore. Two rituals exist for acquiring a pelesit, both of which involve recitation of the correct incantations and biting off the tongue of a dead child. This tongue, if kept properly with the appropriate rituals, is what becomes the pelesit. Pelesit attack their victims by entering the person's mouth tail-first. A person afflicted by the pelesit will insanely rave about cats. By itself, the pelesit does nothing els ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polong
The polong is a type of familiar spirit in Malay folklore. It has the appearance of a miniature woman, the size of the first joint of the finger. The polong is one of the ghosts mentioned in ''Hikayat Abdullah'', written by Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, much to the amusement of Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles, his employer. Creation A polong is created from the blood of a murdered man kept in a type of spherical bottle with a narrow neck. Over a period of one to two weeks, incantations are said over the bottle. When the period is over, the blood becomes a polong. It refers to its owner as its mother or father. The polong is hidden outside the owner's house when not in use. Task The polong is sent to attack a victim against whom either the owner themselves or someone who paid the owner bears ill-will against. The polong is always preceded by its pet or plaything, the grasshopper-like pelesit. The pelesit enters the victim's mouth and begins to chirp. The polong follows and possesse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuman Thong
''Kuman Thong'' ( th, กุมารทอง) is a household divinity of Thai folk religion. It is believed to bring luck and fortune to the owner if properly revered. ''Kuman'', or ''Kumara'' (Pali) means " Sanctified young boy" (female ''kumari''); ''thong'' means golden. These beings are often worshipped to obey their worshippers for personal gains, protection, wealth and harm in some cases. It is believed to have consequences to each request. Description The veneration of Kuman Thong is not part of mainstream Buddhist practices, but it is popular in Thailand. Mainstream Buddhism does not recognize such practice. However, due to the widespread belief in animism in Thailand, Kumam Thong adopted Buddhist beliefs and mixed the two together. Origins The authentic Kuman Thong originated in a practice of necromancy. They were obtained from the desiccated fetuses of children who had died whilst still in their mothers' womb. The witch doctors were said to have the power to invoke t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghost Child
''Ghost Child'' (; formerly called ''Inside the Urn'') is a 2013 Singaporean horror film directed by Gilbert Chan starring Chen Hanwei, Jayley Woo and Carmen Soo. The film revolves around a family fighting against the titular "Ghost Child" (a toyol). It was commercially released in Singapore on 7 March 2013. Plot Having saved her from a band of Indonesian bandits, widower Choon (Chen Hanwei) announces his plans to marry Indonesian-Chinese Na (Carmen Soo). Na is mysterious in nature and says little about her background. Amongst the items she brings with her is an urn, which contains the eponymous "Ghost Child", otherwise known as a toyol. The toyol causes much distress to Choon and his estranged teenage daughter, Kim (Jayley Woo). Among other strange happenings, family photographs get torn apart and Kim's grandmother gets injured for no apparent reason. At first suspecting her dead mother's ghost for causing these, Kim soon learns about the toyol and attempts to get rid of it, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gojek
PT Gojek Indonesia (stylized in all lower case and stylized ''j'' as goȷek, formerly styled as GO-JEK) is an Indonesian on-demand multi-service platform and digital payment technology group based in Jakarta. Gojek was first established in Indonesia in 2009 as a call center to connect consumers to courier delivery and two-wheeled ride-hailing services. Gojek launched its application in 2015 with only four services: GoRide, GoSend, GoShop, and GoFood. Valued at US$10 billion today, Gojek has transformed into a super app, providing more than 20 services. Gojek operates in 5 countries; Indonesia, Vietnam, Singapore, Thailand, and Philippines (through the acquisition of ''Coins.ph''). Gojek is the first Indonesian unicorn company, as well as the country's first "decacorn" company. It is the only company in Southeast Asia that is included in Fortune's ''50 Companies That Changed the World'' in 2017 and 2019, ranked at 17 and 11, respectively. As of June 2020, it has about 170 millio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
