|
Toungoo–Ava War (1538–45)
The Toungoo–Ava War (1538–1545) ( my, တောင်ငူ–အင်းဝ စစ် (၁၅၃၈–၁၅၄၅)) was a military conflict that took place in present-day Lower and Central Burma (Myanmar) between the Toungoo Dynasty, and the Ava-led Confederation of Shan States, Hanthawaddy Pegu, and Arakan (Mrauk-U). Toungoo's decisive victory gave the upstart kingdom control of all of central Burma, and cemented its emergence as the largest polity in Burma since the fall of Pagan Empire in 1287.Aung-Thwin and Aung-Thwin 2012: 130–132Lieberman 2003: 151 The war began in 1538 when Ava, through its vassal Prome, threw its support behind Pegu in the four-year-old war between Toungoo and Pegu. After its troops broke the siege of Prome in 1539, Ava got its Confederation allies agreed to prepare for war, and formed an alliance with Arakan. But the loose alliance crucially failed to open a second front during the seven dry-season months of 1540–41 when Toungoo was struggl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Min Dikkha
Min Dikkha ( my, မင်းတိက္ခာ, ; 1515–1556, also known as Bahadur Shah, in the Arakanese language as Mong Tikkha) was ruler of the Kingdom of Mrauk U from 1554 to 1556. He was the heir-apparent of the kingdom for 22 years during the reign of his father, King Min Bin. Dikkha was an able military commander who led the Arakanese navy in Min Bin's conquest of Bengal in 1532–1533.Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 38 He led the Royal Arakanese Navy in the Taungoo–Ava War (1538–45),The Burmese chronicle ''Hmannan Yazawin'' (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 207) identifies the admiral as "upayaza". Typically, ''Upayaza'' means the crown prince, who would have been Dikkha. Note however that Min Bin had a son by concubine Saw Nandi named Upayaza per (Sandamala Linkara 1999: 34). Still, "Upayza" in the standard chronicles means crown prince, not as a proper name. In fact, ''Hmannan'' (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 227) explicitly refers to the Mrauk-U crown prince as "Upayaza the son of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Min Bin
Min Bin ( Arakanese and my, မင်းဘင်, , Arakanese pronunciation: ; also known as Min Ba-Gyi (မင်းဗာကြီး, , Meng Ba-Gri, Arakanese pronunciation: ); 1493–1554) was a king of Arakan from 1531 to 1554, "whose reign witnessed the country's emergence as a major power".Seekins 2006: 295 Aided by Portuguese mercenaries and their firearms, his powerful navy and army pushed the boundaries of the kingdom deep into Bengal, where coins bearing his name and styling him sultan were struck, and even interfered in the affairs of mainland Burma. After his initial military successes against Bengal and Tripura (1532–34), Min Bin began to regard himself "as a world conqueror or '' cakravartin''", and in commemoration of his victory in Bengal he built the Shitthaung Temple, one of the premier Buddhist pagodas of Mrauk-U. His expansionist drive was to run into serious obstacles however. His control of Bengal beyond Chittagong was largely nominal and he, like the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minkhaung Of Prome
Minkhaung of Prome ( my, ပြည် မင်းခေါင် ; died 1553) was the last king of Prome, who reigned three tumultuous years from 1539 to 1542.Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 215 He succeeded his brother Narapati in 1539. Minkhaung frantically prepared to defend against another attack by Toungoo Kingdom. He reinforced his already heavily fortified city of Prome (Pyay), and hired foreign mercenaries. Although he knew his nominal overlords, the Confederation of Shan States, would assist him, he continued the alliance with King Min Bin of Mrauk U begun by his late brother. Min Bin was married to Minkhaung's and Narapati's sister. In late 1541, Toungoo again laid siege to Prome. Prome's allies the Confederation and Mrauk U sent in help to break the siege. But Toungoo forces under the command of Gen. Bayinnaung defeated both armies. Mrauk U also sent in a naval flotilla that landed in Bassein (Pathein). Upon hearing of the Mrauk U army's defeat, the flotilla turned back. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narapati Of Prome
Narapati of Prome ( my, နရပတိ (ပြည်), ; died February 1539) was king of Prome from 1532 to 1539. He seized the throne after his father Bayin Htwe was taken captive by the Confederation of Shan States in 1532 back to Upper Burma. Bayin Htwe escaped after the Confederation's leader Sawlon was assassinated by his ministers, and returned to Prome (Pyay), c. May 1533. But Narapati shut the gates against his father, who soon died in the adjoining forests.Phayre 1967: 88 Narapati remained a nominal vassal to Confederation controlled Ava. Although his authority did not extend beyond the immediate region around Prome, he became ensnarled in the Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War (1534–41). Narapati was an ally of King Takayutpi of Hanthawaddy, and was married to Takayutpi's sister. Narapati provided shelter to the fleeing Hanthawaddy troops in 1538–39.Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 215 When Toungoo troops attacked a heavily fortified Prome, Narapati asked for help from the Confederat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Takayutpi
Thushin Takayutpi (, , or Taka Yut Pi or Taka Rat Pi; 1511–1539) was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1526 to 1539. At his accession, the 15-year-old inherited the most prosperous and powerful kingdom of all post-Pagan kingdoms. But he never had control of his vassals who scarcely acknowledged him. A dozen years later, due to the young king's inexperience and mismanagement, the Mon-speaking kingdom founded in 1287 fell to a smaller Toungoo. Brief Taka Yut Pi was a son of King Binnya Ran II of Hanthawaddy. He was only 15 when he succeeded the throne.Phayre 1967: 94–95 He ascended the throne three days after his father's death. The throne was first succeeded by the heir-apparent Prince Yazadipati at mid-morning but he died mysteriously in the same afternoon.Aung-Thwin 2017: 283 Unlike his father, considered one of ablest kings of the coastal kingdom, the young king never took an interest in running the kingdom. He "never looked at a book; he gave himself up for sport in the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mobye Narapati
Mobye Narapati ( my, မိုးဗြဲ နရပတိ, ; Narapati III of Ava) also Sao Hso Kaw Hpa of Mong Pai was the penultimate king of Ava who reigned from 1545 to 1551. The ethnically Shan king ruled as the disputed leader of the Confederation of Shan states that had ruled Ava since 1527. He ended the seven years' war with Toungoo as soon as he came to power. Throughout his six years of reign, he faced an active rebellion by Sithu Kyawhtin, who was supported by the Shan state of Mohnyin. He controlled only a rump state, east of the Irrawaddy and north of Pagan (Bagan). After he was finally driven out of Ava (Inwa) in October 1551, he fled south to Pegu (Bago) where he was given protection by King Bayinnaung of Toungoo Dynasty. He lived out his years at Pegu. Early life The future king was a son of Hkonmaing, who was ''saopha'' (chief) of the Shan state of Onbaung–Hsipaw (Thibaw) his personal name in Shan language is Hso Kaw Hpa of Mong Pai . His father later appoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hkonmaing
Hkonmaing ( my, ခုံမှိုင်း , shn, ၶုၼ်မိူင်း; also Hkonmaing Nge, Sao Hkun Mong;Aung Tun 2009: 104 1497–1545) was king of Ava from 1542 to 1545. The ''saopha'' of the Shan state of Onbaung–Hsipaw was elected by the Ava court to the Ava throne in 1542, by extension the leader of the Confederation of Shan States, despite strenuous objections by the House of Mohnyin. He was accepted as the leader by other Confederation leaders only because the Confederation was in the middle of a serious war with Toungoo Dynasty. After the Confederation's failed military campaigns in 1543–45 that resulted in the loss of Central Burma, Hkonmaing lost the support of Sawlon II of Mohnyin. He died in 1545 while fighting a Mohnyin-backed rebellion by Sithu Kyawhtin. Background Born in 1497, the future king was the eldest son of Hkonmaing I, the longtime ruler of Onbaung–Hsipaw. His father was the only ally of King Narapati II of Ava between 1505 and 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hkonmaing I Of Onbaung–Hsipaw
Hkonmaing ( my, ခုံမှိုင်း , Shan: ၶုၼ်မိူင်း; also Hkonmaing Gyi, Tamma Hkun MöngAung Tun 2009: 104) was ''saopha'' of the Shan principality of Onbaung–Hsipaw in what is now Myanmar. He was the only main ally of King Narapati II of Ava in the latter's 25-year struggle against the Mohnyin-led Confederation of Shan States, Prome and Toungoo. After Ava's fall, he became a member of the Confederation. He died during or shortly after his participation in the Confederation's 1542 campaign against Toungoo Dynasty. His son, also named Hkonmaing, and grandson Narapati III became kings of Ava. Background What is known about Hkonmaing is solely from the Burmese chronicles. The Chinese annals (''Ming Shilu'') on the Tai-Shan frontier (present-day southern Yunnan, Kachin State and Shan State) stopped at Hsenwi, and make no mention of Hsipaw.Fernquest 2005: 1162, 1173–1174 The Burmese chronicles mention Hkonmaing as a supporting figure—albe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thohanbwa
Thohanbwa ( my, သိုဟန်ဘွား, ; Shan language, Shan: သိူဝ်ႁၢၼ်ၾႃ့; 1505 – May 1542) was king of Ava Kingdom, Ava from 1527 to 1542. The eldest son of Sawlon of Mohnyin was a commander who actively participated in Monhyin's numerous raids of Ava's territories in the first quarter of 16th century. In March 1527, the ethnically Shan people, Shan king was appointed king of Ava by Sawlon after Mohnyin-led confederation of Shan States defeated Ava in 1527. After Sawlon was assassinated in 1533, Thohanbwa became the undisputed king of Ava as well as chief of Mohnyin. However, he was not immediately accepted by other chiefs as the leader of the confederation. He is remembered in Burmese history as a "full-blooded savage" who killed learned monks, looted treasures from Theravada Buddhism, Buddhist stupa, pagodas and burned books. He was hated by his Bamar, Burman and Shan subjects alike. Yet it was his inaction and inability to mobilize the vario ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sithu Kyawhtin II Of Salin
Sithu, a former Burmese royal title and modern given name, may refer to: Kings * Sithu I, King of Pagan (r. 1112–1167) * Sithu II, King of Pagan (r. 1174–1211) * Sithu III, King of Pagan (r. 1251–1256) * Sithu IV, King of Pagan (r. 1256–1287) * Sithu of Pinya, King of Pinya (r. 1340–1344) * Sithu Kyawhtin, King of Ava (r. 1551–1555) Royalty, viceroys and governors * Sithu Min Oo, Pretender to Pinya throne (1325–1364) * Sithu Thanbawa, Prince of the Five Irrigated Districts (r. 1380s–1390s?) * Thray Sithu of Myinsaing, Governor of Myinsaing (r. 1386–1426) * Sithu of Paukmyaing, Governor of Paukmyaing (r. 1402–?) * Sithu I of Yamethin, Governor of Yamethin (r. 1400/01–1413) * Sithu Kyawhtin of Toungoo, Viceroy of Toungoo (Taungoo) (r. 1470–1481) * Min Sithu of Toungoo, Viceroy of Toungoo (r. 1481–1485) Modern usage * Sithu Aye (born 1990), Scottish-Burmese guitarist, musician, and producer based in Scotland * Sithu Win (footballer), Burmese footba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_in_1545.png "Click for more on -> Toungoo–Ava War (1538–45)")
