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Tornquist Zone
The Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), also known as the Tornquist Zone, is the crustal boundary between the Precambrian East European Craton and the Phanerozoic orogens of South-Western Europe. The zone runs from the North Sea to the Black Sea. The north-western part of the zone was created by the collision of Avalonia and Baltica/East European Craton in the Late Ordovician. The south-eastern part of the zone, now largely concealed by deep sedimentary basins, developed through Variscan and Alpine orogenic events. Various branches of the TESZ go under different names: * The Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TTZ) in Ukraine and Poland. * The Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone (STZ) through Scania (Sweden), Kattegat, and North Jutland (Denmark). * The Trans-European Fault (TEF), Thor-Tornquist Suture or Thor Suture through southern Denmark. The latter two branches (STZ and TEF) span a triangular area of numerous faults, called the Tornquist Fan. History of Discovery In 1893 the Polish geologi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avalonia Baltica Sarmatia Geologi
Avalonia was a microcontinent in the Paleozoic era. Crustal fragments of this former microcontinent underlie south-west Great Britain, southern Ireland, and the eastern coast of North America. It is the source of many of the older rocks of Western Europe, Atlantic Canada, and parts of the East Coast of the United States, coastal United States. Avalonia is named for the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland. Avalonia developed as a volcanic arc on the northern margin of Gondwana. It eventually rifted off, becoming a drifting microcontinent. The Rheic Ocean formed behind it, and the Iapetus Ocean shrank in front. It collided with the continents Baltica, then Laurentia, and finally with Gondwana, ending up in the interior of Pangea. When Pangea broke up, Avalonia's remains were divided by the rift which became the Atlantic Ocean. Extent When the term "Avalon" was first coined by Canadian geologist Harold Williams (geologist), Harold Williams in 1964, he include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wawrzyniec Teisseyre
Wawrzyniec Karol de Teisseyre (1860–1939) was a Polish geologist who is known for his work on the southern part of the Trans European Suture Zone and Galician and Romanian geology. Wawrzyniec Teisseyre was born in Cracow (Poland) of French ancestry. He studied at the University of Vienna and the Mining Academy in Leoben (Austria) and worked at the institutes of geology in Vienna and Bucharest. As part of his work on the Geological Atlas of Galicia, he mapped the southern part of the Trans European Suture Zone The Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), also known as the Tornquist Zone, is the crustal boundary between the Precambrian East European Craton and the Phanerozoic orogens of South-Western Europe. The zone runs from the North Sea to the Black Sea. ... (Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone) and associated features of the Carpathian Mountains. During his time in Bucharest he investigated oil deposits of Romania.R. Teisseyre and B. Teisseyre, ''Wawrzyniec Karol de Teisseyre: A Pioneer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohorovičić Discontinuity
The Mohorovičić discontinuity ( , ), usually referred to as the Moho discontinuity or the Moho, is the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle. It is defined by the distinct change in velocity of seismic waves as they pass through changing densities of rock. The Moho lies almost entirely within the lithosphere (the hard outer layer of the Earth, including the crust). Only beneath mid-ocean ridges does it define the lithosphere– asthenosphere boundary (the depth at which the mantle becomes significantly ductile). The Mohorovičić discontinuity is below the ocean floor, and beneath typical continental crusts, with an average of . Named after the pioneering Croatian seismologist Andrija Mohorovičić, the Moho separates both the oceanic crust and continental crust from the underlying mantle. The Mohorovičić discontinuity was first identified in 1909 by Mohorovičić, when he observed that seismograms from shallow-focus earthquakes had two sets of P-waves and S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Skåne Volcanic Province
The Central Skåne Volcanic Province was a site of volcanic activity in the Scania region of Sweden during the Mesozoic Era of the Earth's geological history. The volcanism began with a first and main phase in late Sinemurian to Toarcian times around 191 to 178 Ma. Then volcanism continued sporadically for another 80 million years. More than one hundred volcanic necks of basaltic composition exist in Scania evidencing this volcanism. In central Scania, volcanism was in the form of a volcanic field of cinder cones that had Strombolian eruption styles. These cones produced tuffite deposits made largely of lapilli with rare volcanic bombs. Pyroclastic materials were subsequently palagonitized or largely altered to clay minerals. While eruptions occurred on land the sea was likely very close to the area. Besides purely pyroclastic sediments, lahar deposits have also been identified around the remnants of the volcanoes. Beneath a lahar deposit at Korsaröd (Djupadal Formation), Ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monogenetic Volcano
A monogenetic volcanic field is a type of volcanic field consisting of a group of small monogenetic volcanoes, each of which erupts only once, as opposed to polygenetic volcanoes, which erupt repeatedly over a period of time. The small monogenetic volcanoes of these fields are the most common subaerial volcanic landform. Many monogenetic volcanoes are cinder cones, often with lava flows, such as Parícutin in the Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field, which erupted from 1943 to 1952. Some monogenetic volcanoes are small lava shields, such as Rangitoto Island in the Auckland volcanic field. Other monogenetic volcanoes are tuff rings or maars. A monogenetic field typically contains between ten and a hundred volcanoes. The Michoacán-Guanajuato field in Mexico contains more than a thousand volcanoes and is exceptionally large. Monogenetic fields occur only where the magma supply to the volcano is low or where vents are not close enough or large enough to develop plumbing systems f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extensional Tectonics
Extensional tectonics is concerned with the structures formed by, and the tectonic processes associated with, the stretching of a planetary body's crust or lithosphere. Deformation styles The types of structure and the geometries formed depend on the amount of stretching involved. Stretching is generally measured using the parameter ''β'', known as the ''beta factor'', where : \beta = \frac \,, ''t''0 is the initial crustal thickness and ''t''1 is the final crustal thickness. It is also the equivalent of the strain parameter ''stretch''. Low beta factor In areas of relatively low crustal stretching, the dominant structures are high to moderate angle normal faults, with associated half grabens and tilted fault blocks. High beta factor In areas of high crustal stretching, individual extensional faults may become rotated to too low a dip to remain active and a new set of faults may be generated. Large displacements may juxtapose syntectonic sediments against metamorphic roc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Söderåsen
Söderåsen is a northwest–southwest elongated bedrock ridge in Scania in southern Sweden. On Söderåsen is Scania's highest point at above sea level. It is intersected by several fissure valleys. The ridge extends from Röstånga in the southeast to the Åstorp in northwest. Söderåsen National Park is located east of Helsingborg in Scania. Geography In Swedish the word ''ås'' commonly refer to eskers, a glacial landform, but in the case of Söderåsen it corresponds to a tectonic landform called horst in the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone. The last glacial ice sheet, the Weichsel ice, left the area of Söderåsen 14,000 to 13,500 years BP. Following this there was a period up to 12,700 years BP of cold non-glacial conditions with permafrost and strong winds. Kopparhatten On Söderåsen is the viewpoint Kopparhatten at a height of . It is the highest point in Söderåsens national park. This part of the hill has a particularly dramatic landscape, with up to deep ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linderödsåsen
The Linderödsåsen is a ridge, geologically a '' horst,'' in the province of Skåne in southernmost Sweden. It lies at the edge of the Baltic shield, in the Tornquist Zone, and continues with the Hallandsås in north western direction towards the Kattegat.Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBedrocks in Sweden/ref> It stretches through Skåne from northwest to southeast. On the map it is situated in the middle of the province. It continues south-east down to the shore, mostly consisting of rocks, and ends with the notable steep Stenshuvud steep at . In its central parts, around Höör Municipality, the ridge has a height of 100–120 meters. The average width is 15-30 kilometers. Its highest point is at 196 meters. Administratively, it used to mark the border between Malmöhus County and Kristianstad County (united in 1999 as Skåne County Skåne County ( sv, Skåne län, link=no ), sometimes referred to as Scania County in English, is the most southern count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skagen
Skagen () is Denmark's northernmost town, on the east coast of the Skagen Odde peninsula in the far north of Jutland, part of Frederikshavn Municipality in Nordjylland, north of Frederikshavn and northeast of Aalborg. The Port of Skagen is Denmark's main fishing port and it also has a thriving tourist industry, attracting 2 million people annually. The name was applied originally to the peninsula but it now also refers to the town. The settlement began during the Middle Ages as a fishing village, renowned for its herring industry. Thanks to its seascapes, fishermen and evening light, towards the end of the 19th century it became popular with a group of impressionist artists now known as the Skagen Painters. In 1879, the Skagen Fishermen's Association was established with the purpose of facilitating the local fishing industry through the Skagensbanen railway, which opened as a narrow-gauged railway in 1890. The modern port of Skagen opened on 20 November 1907, and with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caledonides
The Caledonian orogeny was a mountain-building era recorded in the northern parts of the British Isles, the Scandinavian Mountains, Svalbard, eastern Greenland and parts of north-central Europe. The Caledonian orogeny encompasses events that occurred from the Ordovician to Early Devonian, roughly 490–390 million years ago ( Ma). It was caused by the closure of the Iapetus Ocean when the continents and terranes of Laurentia, Baltica and Avalonia collided. The orogeny is named for Caledonia, the Latin name for Scotland. The term was first used in 1885 by Austrian geologist Eduard Suess for an episode of mountain building in northern Europe that predated the Devonian period. Geologists like Émile Haug and Hans Stille saw the Caledonian event as one of several episodic phases of mountain building that had occurred during Earth's history. Current understanding has it that the Caledonian orogeny encompasses a number of tectonic phases that can laterally be diachronous. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scandinavian Caledonides
The Scandinavian Caledonides are the vestiges of an ancient, today deeply eroded orogenic belt formed during the Silurian–Devonian continental collision of Baltica and Laurentia, which is referred to as the Scandian phase of the Caledonian orogeny. The size of the Scandinavian Caledonides at the time of their formation can be compared with the size of the Himalayas. The area east of the Scandinavian Caledonides, including parts of Finland, developed into a foreland basin where old rocks and surfaces were covered by sediments. Today, the Scandinavian Caledonides underlay most of the western and northern Scandinavian Peninsula, whereas other parts of the Caledonides can be traced into West and Central Europe as well as parts of Greenland and eastern North America. Plate-tectonic history The Caledonian Wilson cycle commenced with the continental break-up of Rodinia and the opening of the Iapetus ocean about 616–583 Ma (mega-annum) ago. The Iapetus was at its widest in the Late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iapetus Suture
The Iapetus Suture is one of several major geological faults caused by the collision of several ancient land masses forming a suture. It represents in part the remains of what was once the Iapetus Ocean. Iapetus was the father of Atlas in Greek mythology, making his an appropriate name for what used to be called the 'Proto-Atlantic Ocean'. When the Atlantic Ocean opened, in the Cretaceous period, it took a slightly different line from that of the Iapetus suture, with some originally Laurentian rocks being left behind in north-west Europe and other, Avalonian, rocks remaining as part of Newfoundland. Background The Iapetus Ocean was an ancient ocean which existed in the Southern Hemisphere approximately 600 million years ago and was bordered by several paleocontinents: Laurentia, Ganderia, Carolinia, Avalonia, and Baltica. During a series of geological events, the Salinic orogeny and Caledonian orogeny all three land masses began to converge upon each other slowly dim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
