|
Tops In Science Fiction
''Tops in Science Fiction'' was an American Pulp magazine, pulp science fiction magazine launched in 1953. The publisher, Love Romances Publishing, created it as a vehicle to reprint stories from ''Planet Stories''. It was unsuccessful and only lasted for two issues. Although it contained no original stories, it did print some original artwork, including some of Kelly Freas's early work. A British reprint edition appeared in the mid-1950s. Publication history The early 1950s saw dramatic changes in the History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950, history of U.S. science fiction publishing. At the start of 1949, all but one of the major magazines in the field were in pulp format; by the end of 1955, almost all had either ceased publication or switched to digest size, digest format.Ashley (1976), p. 106. Despite the rapid decline of the pulp market, several new science fiction magazines were launched in pulp format during these years; ''Tops in Science Fictio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tops In Science Fiction Fall 1953
Total Operations Processing System (TOPS) is a computer system for managing railway locomotives and rolling stock, known for many years of use in the United Kingdom. TOPS was originally developed between the Southern Pacific Transportation Company, Southern Pacific Railroad (SP), Stanford University and IBM as a replacement for paper-based systems for managing rail logistics. A jointly-owned consultancy company, ''TOPS On-Line Inc.'', was established in 1960 with the goal of implementing TOPS, as well as selling it to third parties. Development was protracted, requiring around 660 man-hour, man-years of effort to produce a releasable build. During mid-1968, the first phase of the system was introduced on the SP, and quickly proved its advantages over the traditional methods practiced prior to its availability. In addition to SP, TOPS was widely adopted throughout North America and beyond. While it was at one point in widespread use across many of the United States railroads, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
