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Toplica Uprising
The Toplica Uprising ( sr, Топлички устанак) was a mass uprising against Bulgarian occupation force, that took place in Bulgarian occupied Serbia during the First World War. The rebels were motivated by grievances against the Bulgarian authorities for ordering conscription of local Serbs in the Bulgarian army, forced labour and the denationalisation policy imposed on the indigenous population. The revolt was supported by Serbian guerrilla fighters known as Chetniks. The Toplica uprising lasted from 21 February to 25 March 1917, it was the only uprising in an occupied country during the entire First World War; it has been estimated that as many 20,000 Serbs died in the revolt and its aftermath. Background In October 1915, Kingdom of Serbia, which had throughout fall 1914 managed to withstand and repel three Austro-Hungarian invasions, found itself under attack again. This time it was a joint Austro-Hungarian, German, and Bulgarian invasion from two directions t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian Campaign Of World War I
The Serbian campaign was a series of military expeditions launched in 1914 and 1915 by the Central Powers against the Kingdom of Serbia during the First World War. The first campaign began after Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July Crisis, 28 July 1914. The campaign to "punish" Serbia was under the command of Austrian Oskar Potiorek. It ended after three unsuccessful Austro-Hungarian invasion attempts were repelled by the Serbians and their Kingdom of Montenegro, Montenegrin allies. The victory of the Serbian Army at the battle of Cer is considered the first Allies of World War I, Allied victory in World War I, while the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Army by Serbia has been called one of the great upsets of modern military history. The second campaign was launched, under German Empire, German command, almost a year later, on 6 October 1915, when Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgarian, Austro-Hungarian, and German forces, led by Field Marshal August von Mackensen, succes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Army (Bulgaria)
The Bulgarian First Army was a Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgarian field army during the Balkan Wars, World War I and World War II. Balkan Wars First Balkan War Following the military reforms of 1907 the territory of the Bulgarian Kingdom was divided into three Army Inspectorates. Each of them was further divided into three division districts and in war time formed a field army. The First Army was formed by the Army inspectorates of the Bulgarian Kingdom, First Army Inspectorate, which had its headquarters in Sofia and controlled the First, Sixth and Seventh divisions. However, because of different circumstances the 7th and 6th divisions were detached from the First Army and replaced by the 3rd and newly formed 10th division, which were otherwise part of the Second Army Inspectorate. Thus after the declaration of general mobilization in September 1912 the army consisted of three infantry division and a cavalry regiment. However, only the 3rd division had its full wartime strength of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tortured Toplica Peasants7
Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering on a person for reasons such as punishment, extracting a confession, interrogation for information, or intimidating third parties. Some definitions are restricted to acts carried out by the state, but others include non-state organizations. Torture has been carried out since ancient times. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Western countries abolished the official use of torture in the judicial system, but torture continued to be used throughout the world. A variety of methods of torture are used, often in combination; the most common form of physical torture is beatings. Since the twentieth century, many torturers have preferred non-scarring or psychological methods to provide deniability. Torturers are enabled by organizations that facilitate and encourage their behavior. Most victims of torture are poor and marginalized people suspected of crimes, although torture against political prisoners or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrej Mitrović
Andrej Mitrović ( sr-cyr, Андреј Митровић; 17 April 1937 – 25 August 2013) was a Serbian historian, professor and author. A specialist of the contemporary history of Serbia and Yugoslavia, Mitrović served as head of the Contemporary History Department at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade. Throughout the years he wrote extensively about the First World War, the Paris Peace Conference, interwar Europe as well as articles on economic, social, cultural history and historiography. One of the leading Serbian historians of the 20th century, he was an honorary member of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, a member of the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, and the recipient of several prestigious awards. Early life and education Andrej Mitrović was born in Kragujevac on 17 April 1937, he completed elementary and secondary school in Kragujevac. Mitrović graduated in history from the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, earning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leskovac
Leskovac (Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, Serbian Cyrillic: Лесковац, ) is a List of cities in Serbia, city and the administrative center of the Jablanica District in Southern Serbia (Geographical Region), southern Serbia. According to the 2022 census, City of Leskovac has a 124,889 inhabitants. Etymology Leskovac was historically called ''Glubočica'', later evolving into ''Dubočica. These'' interchangeable variants derived from the Serbian language, Serbian word's, "''glib''", meaning mud and "''duboko''", meaning deep. Untamed rivers would often flood the area leaving swamps that once dried would spout Hazel, hazelnut trees, or "''leska''" in Serbian, whilst "''vac''" is a common Slavic languages, Slavic suffix, hence ''Leskovac''. During Ottoman Serbia, Ottoman rule the town was referred to in Turkish language, Turkish as ''Leskovçe'' or ''Hisar'' (Turkish translation; ''fortress''). History Early period Archeological findings on Hisar Hill, located at the rim of Les ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kopaonik
Kopaonik ( sr-cyr, Копаоник, ; sq, Kopaoniku) is a mountain range located in Serbia and Kosovo. The highest point is the Pančić's Peak with . The central part of the Kopaonik plateau was declared a national park in 1981 which today covers an area of . On the slopes of the mountain range there is a Kopaonik ski resort which is one of the largest in Southeast Europe. There are 25 ski lifts with capacity of 32,000 skiers per hour. Geography Stretching for in the north-south direction, between the rivers of Lab and Sitnica on the south and Jošanica on the north, Kopaonik is one of the largest and longest mountains in Serbia. It belongs to the region of Raška. The Kopaonik mountain massif (''Kopaoničke planine'') includes the mountains of Kopaonik, Željin, Goč and Stolovi. The Pančić's Peak, with , is the highest point of the mountain. Climate Kopaonik has a subalpine climate (Köppen climate classification: ''Dfc'') with fresh summers, and long, cold winters w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skoplje
Skopje ( , , ; mk, Скопје ; sq, Shkup) is the capital and largest city of North Macedonia. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre. The territory of Skopje has been inhabited since at least 4000 BC; remains of Neolithic settlements have been found within the old Kale Fortress that overlooks the modern city centre. Originally a Paeonian city, Scupi became the capital of Dardania in the second century BC. On the eve of the 1st century AD, the settlement was seized by the Romans and became a military camp. When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves in 395 AD, Scupi came under Byzantine rule from Constantinople. During much of the early medieval period, the town was contested between the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire, whose capital it was between 972 and 992. From 1282, the town was part of the Serbian Empire, and acted as its capital city from 1346 to 1371. In 1392, Skopje was conquered by the Ottoman Turks, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leposavić
Leposavić ( sr-Cyrl, Лепосавић, ) also known as Leposaviq or Albanik ( sq, Leposaviqi or ''Albaniku''), is a town and the northernmost municipality in the Mitrovica District in Kosovo. As of 2015, it has an estimated population of 18,600 inhabitants. The municipality covers an area of which makes it the fifth largest in Kosovo, and consists of the town and 72 villages. It is a part of North Kosovo, a region with an ethnic Serb majority that functions largely autonomously from the remainder of ethnic Albanian-majority Kosovo. After the 2013 Brussels Agreement, the municipality is expected to become part of the Community of Serb Municipalities. History From 1877 to 1913 Leposavić was part of Kosovo vilayet. Yugoslavia (1918–92) After the First Balkan War (1912), Kosovo was internationally recognised as a part of Serbia and northern Metohija as a part of Montenegro at the Treaty of London in May 1913. In 1918, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kosta Pećanac With Dog, 1916
Kosta may refer to: * Kosta, Estonia, a village in Vihula Parish, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia * Kosta, Greece a community in Greece * Kosta, Sweden, a village in Sweden * Coastal Andhra, region in India * Kosta Glasbruk, a glassworks in Sweden * Constantine (name), a shortened form common in Bulgaria and Greece (Kostandino) * Kosta (given name), Serbian masculine given name * Kosta (architectural feature), in Hindu temples See also * * Costa (other) * Costas (other) Kostas or Costas ( el, Κώστας) is a Greek given name and surname. As a given name it is the hypocorism for Konstantinos (Constantine). Given name * Costas Andreou, Greek musician * Kostas Antetokounmpo (born 1997), a Greek basketball player * ... * Koshta, a Hindu caste {{disambig, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Bulgaria
Bulgarian irredentism is a term to identify the territory associated with a historical national state and a modern Bulgarian irredentist nationalist movement in the 19th and 20th centuries, which would include most of Macedonia, Thrace and Moesia. History The larger proposed Bulgarian state was suggested under the Treaty of San Stefano in 1878. The issue of irredentism and nationalism gained greater prominence after the Treaty of San Stefano. It established a Principality of Bulgaria, with territory including most of Moesia - the plain between the Danube and the Balkan mountains range (Stara Planina), the regions of Sofia, Pirot, and Vranje in the Morava Valley, Thrace - Northern Thrace, parts of Eastern Thrace, and nearly all of Macedonia. This treaty laid grounds for much of the later claims for a Greater Bulgaria. However, the Treaty of San Stefano was a preliminary one, and the borders of the newly created Bulgaria were established in the Treaty of Berlin. It saw t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pomoravlje (region)
The Morava Valley ( sr, Поморавље / ''Pomoravlje'', ), is a general term which in its widest sense marks valleys of any of three Morava rivers in Serbia: the West Morava (West Morava Valley), the South Morava (South Morava Valley) and the Great Morava (Great Morava Valley). In the narrow sense, the term is applied only to the Great Morava Valley ( sr, Велико Поморавље / ''Veliko Pomoravlje''). The Serbian term follows the general manner of coining river valley names in Serbian language, Serbian using the prefix ''po-'' and suffix ''-je'', meaning literally "(land) along the Morava". Morava valley lies in the central Balkans, at the crossroads which lead eastwards, towards the Black sea and Asia Minor, and further south, down the Vardar river into the Aegean sea. The West Morava Valley Location The West Morava Valley ( sr, Западно Поморавље / ''Zapadno Pomoravlje'') is the valley of the West Morava. It is the southernmost Peripanno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918). It consisted of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria and was also known as the Quadruple Alliance.german: Vierbund, tr, Dörtlü İttifak, hu, Központi hatalmak, bg, Четворен съюз, translit=Chetvoren sūyuz Colonies of these countries also fought on the Central Powers' side such as German New Guinea and German East Africa, until almost all of their colonies were occupied by the Allies. The Central Powers faced and were defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente. The Central Powers' origin was the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879. Despite having nominally joined the Triple Alliance before, Italy d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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