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Tokugawa Yoshikatsu
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Edo period, who ruled the Owari Domain as its 14th (1849–1858) and 17th daimyō (1870–1880). He was the brother of Matsudaira Katamori. His childhood name was Hidenosuke (秀之助). Early years Yoshikatsu was born in the Takasu Domain residence (Yotsuya neighborhood of Edo). His mother was Norihime (daughter of Tokugawa Harutoshi), Tokugawa Nariaki was his maternal uncle, and the future shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu was his cousin. The most recent four daimyos of the Owari Domain had been foster sons sent to Owari from lineages close to the Shogunal family: Tokugawa Naritomo (10th, 1800–1827) Tokugawa Nariharu (11th, 1827–1839), Tokugawa Naritaka (12th, 1839–1845), Tokugawa Yoshitsugu (13th, 1845–1849). These daimyo been remote rulers, especially the 11th, Nariharu, who had spent all his time in Edo without making a single trip to Owari, resulting in low morale amongst the Owari samurai. Because Yoshikatsu was perceived as being m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Owari Domain
The was a feudal domain of Japan in the Edo period. Located in what is now the western part of Aichi Prefecture, it encompassed parts of Owari, Mino, and Shinano provinces. Its headquarters were at Nagoya Castle. At its peak, it was rated at 619,500 ''koku'', and was the largest holding of the Tokugawa clan apart from the shogunal lands. The Daimyō of Owari was the Owari Tokugawa family, the first in rank among the ''gosanke''. The domain was also known as History Until the end of the Battle of Sekigahara in September 1600, the area that makes up the Owari Domain was under the control of Fukushima Masanori, head of nearby Kiyosu Castle. After the battle, however, Masanori was transferred to the Hiroshima Domain in Aki Province. Leaders Sub-domains The Owari Domain was supported by the Yanagawa Domain in Mutsu Province and the Takasu Domain in Mino Province. Yanagawa Domain The Yanagawa Domain provided 30,000 ''koku'' to the Owari Domain annually from 1683 to 1730, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shimazu Nariakira
was a Japanese feudal lord (''daimyō'') of the Edo period, the 28th in the line of Shimazu clan lords of Satsuma Domain. He was renowned as an intelligent and wise lord, and was greatly interested in Western learning and technology. He was enshrined after death as the Shinto kami in May 1863. Early life and rise to power Shimazu Nariakira was born at the Satsuma domain's estate in Edo, on April 28, 1809. From his mother, he was descendant of Date Masamune, Tokugawa Ieyasu and Oda Nobunaga. He rose to power as ''daimyō'' of the domain of Satsuma only after surviving a gruesome and arduous war within his own family and domain, known as the ''Oyura Sōdō'' or the ''Takasaki Kuzure''. He faced much opposition in Satsuma since he spent most of his life in Edo (and compulsory requirement as the heir of daimyo, set by the Shogunate); as such he was considered a stranger in his own domain. In his quest to prepare Satsuma for potential Western aggression, he also faced many oppos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Iemochi
(July 17, 1846 – August 29, 1866) was the 14th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1858 to 1866. During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the "re-opening" of Japan to western nations. Iemochi's reign also saw a weakening of the shogunate. Iemochi died in 1866 and was buried in Zōjō-ji. His Buddhist name was Shonmyoin. Biography Iemochi, known in his childhood as Kikuchiyo (菊千代), was the eldest son of the 11th-generation Wakayama Domain lord Tokugawa Nariyuki (1801–1846) with his concubine known as Jitsujoin and was born in the domain's residence in Edo (modern-day Minato-ku in Tokyo). Nariyuki was a younger son of the 11th ''shōgun'', Tokugawa Ienari. In 1847, at age 1, he was adopted as the heir of the 12th-generation ''daimyō'' Tokugawa Narikatsu, and succeeded him in 1850, taking the name Tokugawa Yoshitomi following his coming of age in 1851. In 1858 he had audience with ''shōgun'' Iesada and his w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakuradamon Incident (1860)
The was the assassination of Ii Naosuke, Chief Minister (Tairō) of the Tokugawa Shogunate, on March 24, 1860 by ''rōnin'' ''samurai'' of the Mito Domain and Satsuma Domain, outside the Sakurada Gate of Edo Castle. Context Ii Naosuke, a leading figure of the Bakumatsu period and a proponent of the reopening of Japan after more than 200 years of seclusion, was widely criticized for signing the 1858 Treaty of Amity and Commerce with the United States Consul Townsend Harris and, soon afterwards, similar treaties with other Western countries. From 1859, the ports of Nagasaki, Hakodate and Yokohama became open to foreign traders as a consequence of the Treaties. Ii was also criticized for reinforcing the authority of the Tokugawa shogunate against regional ''daimyōs'' through the Ansei Purge. He also made strong enemies in the dispute for the succession of Shōgun Tokugawa Iesada, and because he forced retirement on his opponents, specifically the retainers of Mito, Hizen, Ow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ii Naosuke
was ''daimyō'' of Hikone (1850–1860) and also Tairō of the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan, a position he held from April 23, 1858, until his death, assassinated in the Sakuradamon Incident on March 24, 1860. He is most famous for signing the Harris Treaty with the United States, granting access to ports for trade to American merchants and seamen and extraterritoriality to American citizens. He was also an enthusiastic and accomplished practitioner of the Japanese tea ceremony, in the Sekishūryū style, and his writings include at least two works on the tea ceremony. Under Ii Naosuke’s guidance, the Tokugawa shogunate navigated past a particularly difficult conflict over the succession to the ailing and childless Tokugawa Iesada. Ii Naosuke managed to coerce the Tokugawa shogunate to the last brief resurgence of its power and position in Japanese society before the start of the Meiji period. Ii was assassinated in the Sakuradamon incident by a group of 17 Mito and 1 Satsuma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tairō
''Tairō'' (, "great elder") was a high-ranking official position in the Tokugawa shogunate government of Japan, roughly comparable to the office of prime minister. The ''tairō'' presided over the governing ''rōjū'' council in the event of an emergency. A ''tairō'' was nominated from among the ''fudai daimyōs'', who worked closely with the Tokugawa traditionally. Generally, the office holder was the shogunate's chief policy maker, and provided Japan with a capable temporary leader in the absence of a ''shōgun'', or in the event that the ''shōgun'' was incapacitated. List of ''tairō'' See also * The Five Tairō Notes References * Cullen, Louis M. (2003). ''A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; OCLC 442929163* Sansom, George Bailey. (1963). ''A History of Japan: 1615-1867.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edo Castle
is a flatland castle that was built in 1457 by Ōta Dōkan in Edo, Toshima District, Musashi Province. In modern times it is part of the Tokyo Imperial Palace in Chiyoda, Tokyo and is therefore also known as . Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Tokugawa shogunate there, and it was the residence of the ''shōgun'' and the headquarters of the military government during the Edo period (1603-1867) in Japanese history. After the resignation of the ''shōgun'' and the Meiji Restoration, it became the Tokyo Imperial Palace. Some moats, walls and ramparts of the castle survive to this day. However, the grounds were more extensive during the Edo period, with Tokyo Station and the Marunouchi section of the city lying within the outermost moat. It also encompassed Kitanomaru Park, the Nippon Budokan Hall and other current landmarks of the surrounding area. History The warrior Edo Shigetsugu built his residence in what is now the ''Honmaru'' and ''Ninomaru'' part of Edo Castle, around t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matsudaira Yoshinaga
, also known as Matsudaira Keiei,Beasley, William G. (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868'', p. 335. or better known as Matsudaira Shungaku (春嶽) was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period. He was head of the Fukui Domain in Echizen Province.Burks, Ardath W. (1985)''The Modernizers: overseas students, foreign employees, and Meiji Japan'', p. 56 He is counted as one of the , along with Date Munenari, Yamauchi Yōdō and Shimazu Nariakira. "Yoshinaga" is his ''imina'' and "Shungaku" (春嶽, "Spring Mountain") is his '' gō''. Early life He was born in Edo Castle as the eighth son of Tokugawa Narimasa, head of the Tayasu-Tokugawa, one of the ''gosankyō'' cadet branches of the Tokugawa clan. His childhood name was "Kin-no-jo" (錦之丞). He was designated to be adopted to Matsudaira Katsuyoshi, the ''daimyō'' of Iyo-Matsuyama Domain even before he was born, and it was officially announced on November 25, 1837. However, on July 27, 1838, Mats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Amity And Commerce (United States–Japan)
The , also called the Harris Treaty was a treaty signed between the United States and Tokugawa Shogunate, which opened the ports of Kanagawa and four other Japanese cities to trade and granted extraterritoriality to foreigners, among a number of trading stipulations. It was signed on the deck of the in Edo (now Tokyo) Bay on July 29, 1858. Timeline * July 29, 1858: Treaty and Regulations are signed by the United States and Japan * December 15, 1858: Senate reviews the treaty and consents to ratification * March 19, 1859: Ratified by Japan * July 4, 1859: Entered into force * April 12, 1860: Ratified by the President of the United States * May 22-23, 1860: Ratifications exchanged at Washington and proclaimed by the President * June 25, 1866: Amended through convention * July 25, 1878: Modified by convention * July 17, 1899: Superseded by the treaty of November 22, 1894. The Treaty The treaty followed the 1854 Convention of Kanagawa, which granted coaling rights for Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gosanke
The , also called simply , or even , were the most noble three branches of the Tokugawa clan of Japan: Owari, Kii, and Mito, all of which were descended from clan founder Tokugawa Ieyasu's three youngest sons, Yoshinao, Yorinobu, and Yorifusa, and were allowed to provide a shōgun in case of need.Iwanami Nihonshi Jiten, ''Tokugawa Gosanke'', ''Tokugawa Owari-ke'', ''Tokugawa Kii-ke'', and ''Tokugawa Mito-ke'' In the Edo period the term ''gosanke'' could also refer to various other combinations of Tokugawa houses, including (1) the shogunal, Owari and Kii houses and (2) the Owari, Kii, and Suruga houses (all with the court position of ''dainagon''). Later, ''Gosanke'' were deprived of their role to provide a ''shōgun'' by three other branches that are closer to the shogunal house: the ''Gosankyō''. Even after the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate and the abolition of the Edo-period system of administrative domains (''han'') the three houses continued to exist in some form, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abe Masahiro
was the chief senior councilor (''rōjū'') in the Tokugawa shogunate of the Bakumatsu period at the time of the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry on his mission to open Japan to the outside world. Abe was instrumental in the eventual signing of the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. Abe did not sign the treaty himself or participate in the negotiations in person; this was done by his plenipotentiary Hayashi Akira. His courtesy title was ''Ise-no-kami''. Biography Early life Abe Masahiro was born in his family's residence outside Edo Castle. He was the 5th son of Abe Masakiyo, the 5th ''daimyō'' of Fukuyama Domain. Upon his father's death in 1826, his elder brother Masayasu became ''daimyō'' of Fukuyama; Abe was moved to the domain's ''naka-yashiki'' ("middle residence") in Hongō, Edo (modern-day Bunkyō, Tokyo). However, in 1836, Masayasu adopted his brother as heir. Abe became clan leader and ''daimyō'' of Fukuyama upon his brother's retirement on December 25, 1836. In earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
