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Tinbergen Rule
Tinbergen is a Dutch surname, and may refer to: *Jan Tinbergen (1903–1994), Dutch economist *{{Interlanguage link multi, Jaap Tinbergen, de (1934–2010), Dutch astronomer, after whom minor planet 10434 Tinbergen was named. *Joost Tinbergen (born 1950), Dutch ecologist *Luuk Tinbergen (1915–1955), Dutch ornithologist *Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907–1988), Dutch biologist *Tijs Tinbergen (born 1947), Dutch filmmaker Other uses *Tinbergen's four questions *Tinbergen Institute *10434 Tinbergen See also *Sabriye Tenberken Sabriye Tenberken (born 1970) is a German tibetologist and co-founder of the organisation Braille Without Borders. Biography Sabriye was born in Cologne, West Germany. She lost her sight slowly as a child due to retinitis pigmentosa, and her ... Dutch-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch Language
Dutch ( ) is a West Germanic language spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language. It is the third most widely spoken Germanic language, after its close relatives German and English. ''Afrikaans'' is a separate but somewhat mutually intelligible daughter languageAfrikaans is a daughter language of Dutch; see , , , , , . Afrikaans was historically called Cape Dutch; see , , , , , . Afrikaans is rooted in 17th-century dialects of Dutch; see , , , . Afrikaans is variously described as a creole, a partially creolised language, or a deviant variety of Dutch; see . spoken, to some degree, by at least 16 million people, mainly in South Africa and Namibia, evolving from the Cape Dutch dialects of Southern Africa. The dialects used in Belgium (including Flemish) and in Suriname, meanwhile, are all guided by the Dutch Language Union. In Europe, most of the population of the Netherlands (where it is the only official language spoken country ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Tinbergen
Jan Tinbergen (; ; 12 April 19039 June 1994) was a Dutch economist who was awarded the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes. He is widely considered to be one of the most influential economists of the 20th century and one of the founding fathers of econometrics.Magnus, Jan & Mary S. Morgan (1987) ''The ET Interview: Professor J. Tinbergen'' in: 'Econometric Theory 3, 1987, 117-142. His important contributions to econometrics include the development of the first macroeconometric models, the solution of the identification problem, and the understanding of dynamic models. Tinbergen was a founding trustee of Economists for Peace and Security. In 1945, he founded the Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB) and was the agency's first director. Biography Tinbergen was the eldest of five children of Dirk Cornelis Tinbergen and Jeannette van E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10434 Tinbergen
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joost Tinbergen
Joost M. Tinbergen (born 1950 in Groningen is a Dutch ecologist. Tinbergen is the son of the ornithologist Luuk Tinbergen, and nephew of Nobel Prize–winning brothers Jan and Niko Tinbergen. His older brother is the film-maker Tijs Tinbergen. Tinbergen gained his PhD from the University of Groningen The University of Groningen (abbreviated as UG; nl, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, abbreviated as RUG) is a Public university#Continental Europe, public research university of more than 30,000 students in the city of Groningen (city), Groningen in ... in 1980. His thesis was 'Foraging decisions in Starlings'. He has been professor since 1994. External links * https://web.archive.org/web/20070316151727/http://www.rug.nl/biologie/onderzoek/onderzoekgroepen/dierOecologie/animalEcolmembers/tinbergenIntro 1950 births Living people University of Groningen alumni Academic staff of the University of Groningen Scientists from Groningen (city) {{biologist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luuk Tinbergen
Luuk Tinbergen (7 September 1915, in The Hague – 1 September 1955, in Groningen) was a Dutch ornithologist and ecologist. Tinbergen was the youngest of three eminent brothers — both Jan and Nikolaas won Nobel Prizes, for economics and physiology or medicine, respectively. He was appointed in 1949 by Gerard Baerends to the University of Groningen, where he developed important concepts in ethology. He was influenced to specialize in ethology by ethologist brother Niko with whom he was very close, but he also was influenced by Jan to introduce a level of quantitative analysis not previously utilized in ethology. Tinbergen committed suicide in 1955 at the age of 39. Tijs Tinbergen Tijs Tinbergen (; born c. 3 July 1947 in ) is a Dutch filmmaker. Tinbergen graduated with honors from the Netherlands Film Academy in 1975. He primarily produces documentaries, usually in collaboration with the producer Jan Musch. In 2009, he w ..., his elder son, is a nature film direct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen (; ; 15 April 1907 – 21 December 1988) was a Dutch biologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning the organization and elicitation of individual and social behavior patterns in animals. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern ethology, the study of animal behavior. In 1951, he published ''The Study of Instinct'', an influential book on animal behaviour. In the 1960s, he collaborated with filmmaker Hugh Falkus on a series of wildlife films, including ''The Riddle of the Rook'' (1972) and ''Signals for Survival'' (1969), which won the Italia prize in that year and the American blue ribbon in 1971. Education and early life Born in The Hague, Netherlands, he was one of five children of Dirk Cornelis Tinbergen and his wife Jeannette van Eek. His brother, Jan Tinbergen, won the first Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tijs Tinbergen
Tijs Tinbergen (; born c. 3 July 1947 in ) is a Dutch filmmaker. Tinbergen graduated with honors from the Netherlands Film Academy in 1975. He primarily produces documentaries, usually in collaboration with the producer Jan Musch. In 2009, he won the Golden Calf award for his film Rotvos. Tinbergen is the son of Tilde Frensdorf (1922–2014) and the (1915–1955). He is the nephew of the |
Tinbergen's Four Questions
Tinbergen's four questions, named after 20th century biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen, are complementary categories of explanations for animal behaviour. These are also commonly referred to as levels of analysis. It suggests that an integrative understanding of behaviour must include: ultimate (evolutionary) explanations, in particular the behaviour (1) adaptive function and (2) phylogenetic history; and the proximate explanations, in particular the (3) underlying physiological mechanisms and (4) ontogenetic/developmental history. Four categories of questions and explanations When asked about the purpose of sight in humans and animals, even elementary-school children can answer that animals have vision to help them find food and avoid danger (function/adaptation). Biologists have three additional explanations: sight is caused by a particular series of evolutionary steps (phylogeny), the mechanics of the eye (mechanism/causation), and even the process of an individual's development ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tinbergen Institute
The Tinbergen Institute is a joint institute for research and education in economics, econometrics and finance of the VU University Amsterdam, the University of Amsterdam, and the Erasmus University Rotterdam. The institute was founded in 1987 and is named after the Dutch economist Jan Tinbergen, a Nobel prize-winning professor at the Erasmus University Rotterdam. The Tinbergen Institute has over 200 research fellows from the three participating universities, and some 190 PhD students. It is ranked 2nd among the World Top Financial Economics and Finance Departments according tIDEAS/RePEc It is ranked 127th among the World Top Economic Institutions according to IDEAS/RePEc. The three universities that jointly operate the Tinbergen Institute all ranked among the top 100 economic schools in the world according tThe Tilburg University Economics School Research Rankingbased on research contribution 2016-2020, with the VU ranked 39th, followed closely by the EUR which is ranked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabriye Tenberken
Sabriye Tenberken (born 1970) is a German tibetologist and co-founder of the organisation Braille Without Borders. Biography Sabriye was born in Cologne, West Germany. She lost her sight slowly as a child due to retinitis pigmentosa, and her parents took her to many places so she would store up many visual memories, before becoming totally blind by the age of 12. She studied Central Asian Studies at Bonn University. In addition to Mongolian and modern Chinese, she studied modern and classical Tibetan in combination with Sociology and Philosophy. Braille for the Tibetan language As no blind student had ever before ventured to enroll in these kinds of studies, Sabriye could not fall back on the experience of previous students, so she developed her own methods of studying her course of study. By 1992 Sabriye had developed Tibetan Braille, which later became the official reading and writing system for the blind in Tibet. Tibetan Braille is based on German Braille, modified ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
