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Timotean Languages
The Timotean languages were spoken in the Venezuelan Andes around what is now Mérida. It is assumed that they are extinct. However, Timote may survive in the so-far unattested Mutú (Loco) language, as this occupies a mountain village (Mutús) within the old Timote state.Willem Adelaar with Pieter Muysken, ''The Languages of the Andes'', CUP, 2004:124–125 Genetic relations There is no apparent connection to the Chibchan, Arawakan, or Cariban families, apart from sporadic resemblances with Paez and some divergent Chibchan languages, so Timotean appears to be an independent family. Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with the Jirajaran languages. Languages There were two closely related languages, each a pair of dialects: * Timote–Cuica (Miguri, Cuica, "Cicua", spoken by the Timoto–Cuica people Timoto–Cuica people were an indigenous people of the Americas composed primarily of two large tribes, the Timote and the Cuica, that inhabited in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venezuela
Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It has a territorial extension of , and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana. The Venezuelan government maintains a claim against Guyana to Guayana Esequiba. Venezuela is a federal presidential republic consisting of 23 states, the Capital District and federal dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timote Language
Timote, also known as Cuica or Timote–Cuica, is the language of the Timote–Cuica state in the Venezuelan Andes, around the present city of Mérida and south of Lake Maracaibo. The language is reported to have gone extinct in the early to mid 20th century. However, in 1977 it was reported that the indigenous village of Mutús, in the heart of the old Timote state, still spoke an indigenous language, which would presumably be Timote. The name is apparently Timote, as 'Timote' itself derives from ''ti-motɨ'' 'Mutú speakers', and ''mutú'' or ''mukú'' is a common toponym in the region. This lead had not been followed up as of Adelaar (2004). Dialects The Timote and Cuica peoples apparently spoke dialects of a single language; some of the last reports of Cuica claim it was nothing other than Timote. Data is limited, but the connection is clear in the numerals: Consonant clusters, somewhat unusual for the area, are found, especially in Cuica: ''kču'' 'bird', ''stots'' 'blo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mucuchí–Marripú Language
Mucuchí–Marripú was a language used in Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th .... References Indigenous languages of the Americas Timotean languages Extinct languages Languages of Venezuela {{IndigenousAmerican-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toponym
Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature, and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features. In a more specific sense, the term ''toponymy'' refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as ''toponymics'' or ''toponomastics''. Toponymy is a branch of onomastics, the study of proper names of all kinds. A person who studies toponymy is called ''toponymist''. Etymology The term toponymy come from grc, τόπος / , 'place', and / , 'name'. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' records ''toponymy'' (meaning "place name") first appearing in English in 1876. Since then, ''toponym'' has come to replace the term ''place-name'' in professional discourse among geographers. Topon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venezuelan Andes
The Venezuelan Andes (Spanish: ''Andes Venezolanos'') also simply known as the Andes (Spanish: ''Los Andes'') in Venezuela, are a mountain system that form the northernmost extension of the Andes. They are fully identified, both by their geological origin as by the components of the relief, the constituent rocks and the geological structure. The Venezuelan Andean system represents the terminal bifurcation of the Cordillera Oriental de Colombia, which in Venezuelan territory consists of two mountainous branches: the Sierra de Perijá, smaller, slightly displaced from southwest to northeast with 7,500 km2 in Venezuela; and a larger, frankly oriented Southwest to northeast with about 40,000 km2, the Cordillera de Mérida, commonly known as the proper Venezuelan Andes. The highest point in Venezuela is located in this natural region.Pérez et al (Sep. 2005)"Alturas del Pico Bolívar y otras cimas andinas venezolanas a partir de observaciones Gps."INCI v.30, n.4, Caracas sep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mérida State
Mérida or Merida may refer to: Places *Mérida (state), one of the 23 states which make up Venezuela *Mérida, Mérida, the capital city of the state of Mérida, Venezuela *Merida, Leyte, Philippines, a municipality in the province of Leyte *Mérida, Spain, the capital city of the autonomous community of Extremadura *Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico, the capital city of the state of Yucatán * or , an ancient name for Mardin, Turkey Football clubs *CP Mérida, a defunct club in Mérida, Spain *Estudiantes de Mérida, Venezuela *Imperio de Mérida CP, Mérida, Spain *Mérida AD, a club in Mérida, Spain *Mérida F.C., Mexico *Mérida UD, a defunct club in Mérida, Spain Other uses *Merida (Disney), the main character of the 2012 animated film ''Brave'' *Merida (Dragon Prince), a fictional people created by fantasy author Melanie Rawn for her ''Dragon Prince'' series *Merida (moth), ''Merida'' (moth), a genus of moth in the family Geometridae *Merida Bikes, one of the world's la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutú Language
Timote, also known as Cuica or Timote–Cuica, is the language of the Timote–Cuica state in the Venezuelan Andes, around the present city of Mérida and south of Lake Maracaibo. The language is reported to have gone extinct in the early to mid 20th century. However, in 1977 it was reported that the indigenous village of Mutús, in the heart of the old Timote state, still spoke an indigenous language, which would presumably be Timote. The name is apparently Timote, as 'Timote' itself derives from ''ti-motɨ'' 'Mutú speakers', and ''mutú'' or ''mukú'' is a common toponym in the region. This lead had not been followed up as of Adelaar (2004). Dialects The Timote and Cuica peoples apparently spoke dialects of a single language; some of the last reports of Cuica claim it was nothing other than Timote. Data is limited, but the connection is clear in the numerals: Consonant clusters, somewhat unusual for the area, are found, especially in Cuica: ''kču'' 'bird', ''stots'' 'blo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jirajaran Languages
The Jirajaran languages are group of extinct languages once spoken in western Venezuela in the regions of Falcón and Lara. All of the Jirajaran languages appear to have become extinct in the early 20th century. Languages Based on adequate documentation, three languages are definitively classified as belonging to the Jirajaran family: *Jirajara, spoken in the state of Falcón *Ayomán, spoken in the village of Siquisique in the state of Lara *Gayón, spoken at the sources of the Tocuyo River in the state of Lara Loukotka includes four additional languages, for which no linguistic documentation exists: *Coyone, spoken at the sources of the Portuguesa River in the state of Portuguesa *Cuiba, spoken near the city of Aricagua *Atatura, spoken between the Rocono and Tucupido rivers *Aticari, spoken along the Tocuyo River Mason (1950) lists: *Gayón (Cayon) *Ayomán *Xagua **Cuiba (?) *Jirajara Classification The Jirajaran languages are generally regarded as isolates. Adelaar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timoto–Cuica People
Timoto–Cuica people were an Indigenous peoples of the Americas, indigenous people of the Americas composed primarily of two large tribes, the Timote and the Cuica, that inhabited in the Andes region of Western Venezuela.Mahoney 89 They were closely related to the Muisca people of the Colombian Andes, who spoke Muysccubun, a version of Chibcha language, Chibcha. The Timoto-Cuicas were not only composed of the Timote and the Cuica groups, but also of smaller tribes including the Mucuchíes, the Miguríes, the Tabayes and the Mucuñuques. Culture and society Pre-Columbian era, Pre-Columbian Venezuela had an estimated indigenous population of one million, with the Andean region being the most densely populated area. The two groups lived in what are today the states of Mérida (state), Mérida, Trujillo (state), Trujillo and Táchira. Most scholars agree that the Timoto-Cuicas arose as a distinct tribal group, with the Timotes and the Cuicas as the main components of largely the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Čestmír Loukotka
Čestmír Loukotka (12 November 1895 – 13 April 1966) was a Czechoslovak linguist. His daughter was Jarmila Loukotková. Career Loukotka proposed a Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas#Loukotka (1968), classification for the languages of South America based on several previous works. This classification contained a lot of unpublished material and was therefore superior to all previous classifications. He divided the languages of South America and the Caribbean into 77 different families, based upon similarities of vocabulary and available lists. His classification of 1968 is the most influential and was based upon two previous schemes (1935, 1944), which were similar to those proposed by Paul Rivet (whom he was a student of), although the number of families was increased to 94 and 114. References 1895 births 1958 deaths Linguists from the Czech Republic Paleolinguists Linguists of indigenous languages of the Americas 20th-century linguists { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
