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Tilt Test (geotechnical Engineering)
In geomechanics, a tilt test is a simple test to estimate the shear strength (discontinuity), shear strength parameters of a Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering), discontinuity. Two pieces of rock containing a discontinuity are held in hand or mounted in test equipment with the discontinuity horizontal. The sample is slowly tilted until the top block moves. The angle with the horizontal at onset of movement is called the ''tilt-angle''. The size of the specimen is limited to 10–20 cm for hand-held tests, while machine-operated tilt test equipment may handle up to meter-sized samples. In the field, the angle can be determined most easily with an inclinometer as present in most compass, geological or structural compasses. Tilt-angle The ''tilt-angle'' equals the material friction of the Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering), discontinuity wall plus the roughness i-angle (''tilt-angle'' = ''φwall material'' + ''i'') if no real cohesion is present (i.e. no cementing or g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discontinuity (geotechnical Engineering)
In geotechnical engineering, a discontinuity (often referred to as a joint) is a plane or surface that marks a change in physical or chemical characteristics in a soil or rock mass. A discontinuity can be, for example, a bedding, schistosity, foliation, joint, cleavage, fracture, fissure, crack, or fault plane. A division is made between mechanical and integral discontinuities. Discontinuities may occur multiple times with broadly the same mechanical characteristics in a discontinuity set, or may be a single discontinuity. A discontinuity makes a soil or rock mass anisotropic. Mechanical A mechanical discontinuity is a plane of physical weakness where the tensile strength perpendicular to the discontinuity or the shear strength along the discontinuity is lower than that of the surrounding soil or rock material. Integral An integral discontinuity is a discontinuity that is as strong as the surrounding soil or rock material. Integral discontinuities can change into mechanical disc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inclinometer
An inclinometer or clinometer is an measuring instrument, instrument used for measuring angles of slope, elevation, or depression (geology), depression of an object with respect to gravity's direction. It is also known as a ''tilt indicator'', ''tilt sensor'', tiltmeter, ''tilt meter'', ''slope alert'', ''slope gauge'', ''gradient meter'', ''gradiometer'', ''level gauge'', ''level meter'', ''declinometer'', and ''pitch & roll indicator''. Clinometers measure both inclines and declines using three different units of measure: degree (angle), degrees, percentage points, and topos. The Astrolabes, astrolabe is an example of an inclinometer that was used for celestial navigation and location of astronomical objects from ancient history, ancient times to the Renaissance. A ''tilt sensor'' can measure the wikt:tilt, tilting in often two axes of a reference plane in two axes. In contrast, a full motion would use at least three axes and often additional sensors. One way to measure tilt a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compass
A compass is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation. It commonly consists of a magnetized needle or other element, such as a compass card or compass rose, which can pivot to align itself with North magnetic pole, magnetic north. Other methods may be used, including gyroscopes, magnetometers, and GPS receivers. Compasses often show angles in degrees: north corresponds to 0°, and the angles increase clockwise, so east is 90°, south is 180°, and west is 270°. These numbers allow the compass to show azimuths or bearing (angle), bearings which are commonly stated in degrees. If local magnetic declination, variation between magnetic north and true north is known, then direction of magnetic north also gives direction of true north. Among the Four Great Inventions, the magnetic compass was first invented as a device for divination as early as the history of science and technology in China, Chinese Han dynasty (since c. 206 BC),#Li, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asperity (geotechnical Engineering)
In geotechnical engineering and contact mechanics the term asperity is used to refer to individual features of unevenness (''roughness'') of the surface of a discontinuity, grain, or particle with heights in the range from approximately 0.1 mm to the order of metres. Below the asperity level, surface interactions are normally considered to be a ''material'' property, arising from mechanisms of adhesion and repulsion at the atomic scale (often accounted for by ''material friction'', ''atomic friction'' or ''molecular friction''). Dilation An often used definition for ''asperities'' in geotechnical engineering: Unevenness of a surface are ''asperities'' if these cause dilation if two blocks with in between a discontinuity with matching ''asperities'' on the two opposing surfaces (i.e. a ''fitting discontinuity'') move relative to each other, under low stress levels that do not cause breaking of the ''asperities''. Contrast with asperity in materials science Materials science r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triaxial Shear Test
In materials science, a triaxial shear test is a common method to measure the mechanical properties of many Deformation (engineering), deformable solids, especially soil (e.g., sand, clay) and Rock (geology), rock, and other granular materials or Powder (substance), powders. There are several variations on the test. In a triaxial shear test, Stress (physics), stress is applied to a sample of the material being tested in a way which results in stresses along one axis being different from the stresses in perpendicular directions. This is typically achieved by placing the sample between two parallel platens which apply stress in one (usually vertical) direction, and applying fluid pressure to the specimen to apply stress in the perpendicular directions. (Testing apparatus which allows application of different levels of stress in each of three orthogonal directions are #True triaxial test, discussed below.) The application of different compressive stresses in the test apparatus cause ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in the United Kingdom that publishes books and academic journals. Its parts include Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, Routledge, F1000 (publisher), F1000 Research and Dovepress. It is a division of Informa, a United Kingdom-based publisher and conference company. Overview Founding The company was founded in 1852 when William Francis (chemist), William Francis joined Richard Taylor (editor), Richard Taylor in his publishing business. Taylor had founded his company in 1798. Their subjects covered agriculture, chemistry, education, engineering, geography, law, mathematics, medicine, and social sciences. Publications included the ''Philosophical Magazine''. Francis's son, Richard Taunton Francis (1883–1930), was sole partner in the firm from 1917 to 1930. Acquisitions and mergers In 1965, Taylor & Francis launched Wykeham Publications and began book publishing. T&F acquired Hemisphere Publishing in 1988, and the compa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in Berlin, it expanded internationally in the 1960s, and through mergers in the 1990s and a sale to venture capitalists it fused with Wolters Kluwer and eventually became part of Springer Nature in 2015. Springer has major offices in Berlin, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, and New York City. History Julius Springer founded Springer-Verlag in Berlin in 1842 and his son Ferdinand Springer grew it from a small firm of 4 employees into Germany's then second-largest academic publisher with 65 staff in 1872.Chronology ". Springer Science+Business Media. In 1964, Springer expanded its business internationally, op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tests In Geotechnical Laboratories
Test(s), testing, or TEST may refer to: * Test (assessment), an educational assessment intended to measure the respondents' knowledge or other abilities Arts and entertainment * ''Test'' (2013 film), an American film * ''Test'' (2014 film), a Russian film * ''Test'' (2025 film), an Indian sports drama * Test (group), a jazz collective * ''Tests'' (album), a 1998 album by The Microphones * ''Testing'' (album), an album by ASAP Rocky Computing * .test, a reserved top-level domain * Software testing * test (Unix), a Unix command for evaluating conditional expressions * TEST (x86 instruction), an x86 assembly language instruction People * Test (wrestler), ring name for Andrew Martin (1975–2009), Canadian professional wrestler * John Test (1771–1849), American politician * Zack Test (born 1989), American rugby union player Science and technology * Experiment, a procedure carried out in order to test a hypothesis * Statistical hypothesis test, techniques to reach con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
