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Third Section
The Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery (russian: Tretiye Otdeleniye, or ''III otdeleniye sobstvennoy E.I.V. kantselyarii'' - in full: Третье отделение Собственной Его Императорского Величества канцелярии ''Tretye otdeleniye Sobstvennoy Yego Yimperatorskogo Velichestva kantselyarii'', sometimes translated as Third Department) was a secret-police department set up in Imperial Russia. Inheritor of the Tayny Prikaz, Privy Chancellery and Specialty Chancellery, it effectively served as the Imperial regime's secret police for much of its existence. The organization was relatively small. When founded in July 1826 by Emperor Nicholas I it included only sixteen investigators. Their number increased to forty in 1855. The Third Section disbanded in 1880, replaced by the Police Department and the Okhrana. Creation and purpose The Decembrist Revolt of December 14, 1825 shook Tsar Nicholas I's (r. 1825-1855) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery
His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery or H.I.M. Own Chancery () began as personal chancery of Paul I and grew into a kind of regent's office, run by Count Arakcheyev from 1815 and until the death of Alexander I of Russia. Under Nicholas I, the Chancery was transformed into a large administrative body, on par with the Committee of Ministers and the Governing Senate. Since 1826, the Chancery was divided into several sections ( sl. otdeleniye): *First Section – preparation of the Majestic Decrees and Orders, control over its execution, gubernatorial and ministerial reports, petitions to the Sovereign, state service and its awards and decorations. It was run by Stats-Secretary of His Majesty. *Second Section – codification of the Imperial Legislation, publication of the codes. Mikhail Speransky was the first head of the Section. *Third Section – political crimes, censorship, religious sects, aliens, Gendarmes, headed by General Benckendorf, who had been commander of the Guards ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Pogodin
Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin (russian: Михаи́л Петро́вич Пого́дин; , Moscow, Moscow) was a Russian Imperial historian and journalist who, jointly with Nikolay Ustryalov, dominated the national historiography between the death of Nikolay Karamzin in 1826 and the rise of Sergey Solovyov in the 1850s. He is best remembered as a staunch proponent of the Normanist theory of Russian statehood. Pogodin's father was a serf housekeeper of Count Stroganov, and the latter ensured Mikhail's education in the Moscow University. As the story goes, Pogodin the student lived from hand to mouth, because he spent his whole stipend on purchasing new volumes of Nikolay Karamzin's history of Russia. Pogodin's early publications were panned by Mikhail Kachenovsky, a Greek who held the university chair in Russian history. Misinterpreting Schlozer's novel teachings, Kachenovsky declared that "ancient Russians lived like mice or birds, they had neither money nor books" and that ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narodnaya Volya
Narodnaya Volya ( rus, Наро́дная во́ля, p=nɐˈrodnəjə ˈvolʲə, t=People's Will) was a late 19th-century revolutionary political organization in the Russian Empire which conducted assassinations of government officials in an attempt to overthrow the autocratic system and stop the government reforms of Alexander II of Russia. The organization declared itself to be a populist movement that succeeded the Narodniks. Composed primarily of young revolutionary socialist intellectuals believing in the efficacy of terrorism, ''Narodnaya Volya'' emerged in Autumn 1879 from the split of an earlier revolutionary organization called '' Zemlya i Volya'' ("Land and Liberty"). Based upon an underground apparatus of local, semi-independent cells co-ordinated by a self-selecting Executive Committee, ''Narodnaya Volya'' continued to espouse acts of revolutionary violence in an attempt to spur mass revolt against Tsarism, culminating in the successful assassination of Tsar Alexa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasily Andreyevich Dolgorukov
Prince Vasily Andreyevich Dolgorukov (russian: Князь Василий Андреевич Долгоруков; 1804–1868) was a Russian statesman, General of the Cavalry (1856, a full General equivalent), Minister of War (1852–1856), Chief of Gendarmes Wrong info! --> A gendarmerie () is a military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term ''gendarme'' () is derived from the medieval French expression ', which translates to "men-at-arms" (literally, " ... and Executive Head of the Third Section of H.I.M. Chancellery (1856–1866). Honours and awards * Order of St. Vladimir, 1st and 4th classes * Order of St. Anna, 2nd class * Order of St. Andrew External links 1804 births 1868 deaths Vasily Andreyevich Chiefs of the Special Corps of Gendarmes Members of the State Council (Russian Empire) Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class Burials at Lazarevskoe Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Karakozov
Dmitry Vladimirovich Karakozov (russian: Дми́трий Влади́мирович Карако́зов; – ) was a Russian political activist and the first revolutionary in the Russian Empire to make an attempt on the life of a tsar. His attempt to assassinate Tsar Alexander II failed and Karakozov was executed. Early life and studies Karakozov was born in the family of a minor Russian noble in Kostroma. He grew to hate his class because all they did was "suck the peasants' blood." He studied at Kazan University 1861–64 and at Moscow State University 1864–66. He was expelled from both which led to depression and a suicide attempt. In early 1866 he became a member of the "revolutionary wing" of the Ishutin Society, founded by his cousin Nikolai Ishutin in Moscow in 1863. Attempted assassination of Alexander II In the spring of 1866, Karakozov arrived in St Petersburg to assassinate Alexander II. He circulated his hand-written proclamation called ''"Друз ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Ii Of Russia
Alexander II ( rus, Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881. Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was the emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator ( rus, Алекса́ндр Освободи́тель, r=Aleksándr Osvobodytel, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɐsvəbɐˈdʲitʲɪlʲ). The tsar was responsible for other reforms, including reorganizing the judicial system, setting up elected local judges, abolishing corporal punishment, promoting local self-government through the '' zemstvo'' system, imposing universal military service, ending some privileges of the nobility, and promoting university education. After an assassination attempt in 1866, Alexander adopted a somewhat more conservative s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Drenteln
Alexander Romanovich Drenteln (Александр Романович Дрентельн) (1820-1888) was a Russian general. He held the rank of General of the Infantry, and held the positions of: * Adjutant General of the H. I. M. Retinue, * Chief of Gendarmes, * the last Executive Head of the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Chancellery (1878-1880), * Commander of the Odessa Military District (1880-1881). On March 25, 1879, he was the target of a failed assassination attempt by Russian nihilists. Awards *Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov), 1st class, 1863 *Order of Saint Anna The Imperial Order of Saint Anna (russian: Орден Святой Анны; also "Order of Saint Anne" or "Order of Saint Ann") was a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry. It was established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Hol ..., 1st class, 1868 References {{DEFAULTSORT:Drenteln, Alexander Romanovich 1820 births 1888 deaths Military personnel from Kyiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregory Goldenberg
Grigory Goldenberg (also referred to as Gregory Goldenberg or "Grigorii Goldenberg"; 1855–1880) was a Russian revolutionary and member of the «Narodnaya Volya» (People's Will) organisation. Revolutionary life Born at Berdichev, son of a Jewish merchant, he moved to Minsk where he became involved in revolutionary politics. Goldenberg was arrested and exiled in 1878 to Arkhangelsk for his revolutionary activities. He escaped and joined Narodnaya Volya and assassinated Kharkov Governor-General Prince Dmitri Kropotkin (cousin of a famous anarchist) in February 1879. He was then arrested on November 14, 1879, in Elizavetgrad with a suitcase full of nitroglycerine, which he intended to deliver to associates in Moscow to blow up a train carrying the tsar. He confessed his involvement and named several other «Narodnaya Volya» members. According to Richard Pipes in his book, ''The Degaev Affair: Terror and Treason in Tsarist Russia'', after Goldenberg abandoned his Orthodox Jewis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronald Hingley
Ronald Francis Hingley (26 April 1920, Edinburgh – 23 January 2010) was an English scholar, translator and historian of Russia, specializing in Russian history and literature. Hingley was the translator and editor of the nine-volume collection of Chekhov's works published by Oxford University Press between 1974 and 1980 (known as the Oxford Chekhov). He also wrote numerous books including biographies of Chekhov, Dostoyevsky, Stalin and Boris Pasternak. He won the James Tait Black Award The James Tait Black Memorial Prizes are literary prizes awarded for literature written in the English language. They, along with the Hawthornden Prize, are Britain's oldest literary awards. Based at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, Uni ... for his 1976 biography ''A New Life of Anton Chekhov''. He also translated several works of Russian literature, among them Alexander Solzhenitsyn's classic ''One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich'' which Hingley co-translated with Max Hayward. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander II Of Russia
Alexander II ( rus, Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881. Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was the emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator ( rus, Алекса́ндр Освободи́тель, r=Aleksándr Osvobodytel, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɐsvəbɐˈdʲitʲɪlʲ). The tsar was responsible for other reforms, including reorganizing the judicial system, setting up elected local judges, abolishing corporal punishment, promoting local self-government through the '' zemstvo'' system, imposing universal military service, ending some privileges of the nobility, and promoting university education. After an assassination attempt in 1866, Alexander adopted a somewhat more conservative s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophia Perovskaya
Sophia Lvovna Perovskaya (russian: Со́фья Льво́вна Перо́вская; – ) was a Russian Empire revolutionary and a member of the revolutionary organization ''Narodnaya Volya''. She helped orchestrate the assassination of Alexander II of Russia, for which she was executed by hanging. Life as a revolutionary Perovskaya was born in Saint Petersburg, into an aristocratic family who were the descendants by the marriage of Elizabeth of Russia. Her father, Lev Nikolaievich Perovsky, was the military governor of Saint Petersburg. Her grandfather, Nikolay Perovsky, was a governor of Taurida. She spent her early years in the Crimea, where her education was largely neglected, but where she began reading serious books on her own. After the family moved to Saint Petersburg, Perovskaya entered the Alarchinsky Courses, a girls’ preparatory program. Here she became friends with several girls who were interested in the radical movement. She left home at the age of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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